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Resocjalizacja penitencjarna w kontekstach interdyscyplinarnych
Abstract and Figures
Współczesna nauka, pozostając na gruncie realizmu, nie dąży do wyeliminowania kary pozbawienia wolności z katalogu reakcji prawno-karnej, promowania bezkarności zachowań przestępczych, lecz proponuje poprawę efektywności instytucjonalnej resocjalizacji. W tym kontekście pojawia się bardzo oryginalna, wartościowa i oczekiwana monografia, która została oparta i zbudowana na przesłaniu, że poprawa efektywności resocjalizacji penitencjarnej jest możliwa w podejściu interdyscyplinarnym, a nie tylko ma płaszczyźnie jednej wybranej dziedziny wiedzy.
Bogactwo treści zawartej w monografii, wielość propozycji wspierających resocjalizację penitencjarną, oryginalne i twórcze pomysły autorów poszczególnych publikacji przybliżają budowę modelu resocjalizacji penitencjarnej, który będzie służyć poprawie człowieka w warunkach osobliwych, szczególnych, jakim są więzienia... Należy podkreślić, że inspiracja do podjęcia tej problematyki zrodziła się i została urzeczywistniona z okazji 40-lecia istnienia Zakładu Resocjalizacji w Instytucie Pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
(fragment z rec. dr hab. A.Nawój-Śleszyński, prof. UŁ)
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The content presented in the study is an excerpt from a broader research conducted by the author on the effectiveness of social rehabilitation impacts of selected prisons in our country.
In this study, we used the results related to the external effectiveness of social rehabilitation, in which a lot of space was devoted to reconstructing the experiences of former convicts made with the use of open in-depth interviews. The aim of the analyses was to obtain answers to the following question: What factors in experiencing penitentiary isolation and achieving success in social rehabilitation do former convicts attribute the greatest importance to? The area of research exploration outlined in this way consisted of two research fields focused on giving meaning to the conditions of imprisonment and the interpersonal relations of the convicts. The research provided rich empirical material showing the multiplicity and sometimes also different meanings associated with experiencing penitentiary isolation. However, the greatest importance was given by the subjects to good relations with the family and other closest people as well as character traits manifested in high resistance to stress and difficult conditions of penitentiary isolation. Although the research results obtained are limited in terms of sample selection and do not give rise to wider generalizations, they show - contrary to popular beliefs - that penitentiary rehabilitation is not as bad as it is believed to be, but it is also a process that has positive
aspects that must certainly be found and, of course, developed.
Chapter treats the concept of intensive rehabilitation penitentiary is a legal analysis of the draft Regulation of the Minister of Justice for a new way of imprisonment. He had to reduce prison overcrowding. It was never passed by the Polish parliament.
Opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza dotyczy charakterystyki więzienia jako instytucji, placówki, środowiska społecznego. Składa się z pięciu rozdziałów poświęconych kolejno socjologicznej analizie i charakterystyce więzienia jako instytucji totalnej, sytuacjom trudnym występującym w izolacji penitencjarnej oraz wszechobecnej i przyjmującej różne postaci deprywacji potrzeb. Pierwsza cześć kończy się rozdziałem pozwalającym optymistycznie spojrzeć na instytucję więzienia i pracę personelu więziennego, wytyczając standardy współczesnego więziennictwa polskiego. Rozdział ten zasługuje na szczególna uwagę, gdyż obejmuje problematykę ograniczania negatywnych skutków uwięzienia, wskazuje na pozytywne aspekty pobytu człowieka W części drugiej dokonano charakterystyki kilku wybranych kategorii osób pozbawionych wolności przebywających aktualnie w polskich więzieniach. Rozdziały objęły tymczasowo aresztowanych,
kobiety, młodocianych, recydywistów penitencjarnych, uzależnionych upośledzonych umysłowo, więźniów o psychopatycznym rysie osobowości i sprawców przestępstw seksualnych oraz więźniów zaliczanych do kategorii niebezpiecznych i skazanych długoterminowych. Wybór poszczególnych grup osadzonych nie wyczerpuje oczywiście wszystkich podziałów osób pozbawionych wolności, ale wynika z najczęstszych i dość specyficznych problemów napotykanych przez polskie więziennictwo w pracy z tymi kategoriami więźniów. Każdy z tych rozdziałów oprócz charakterystyki psychospołecznej określonej grupy więźniów zawiera również wskazówki postępowania penitencjarno–ochronnego.
This study provides empirical support for a theoretical model previously developed by Abbey and colleagues (Abbey, 1991; Abbey Ross, & McDuffie, 1994; Abbey, Ross, McDuffie, & McAuslan, 1996) to explain one set of pathways through which alcohol and sexual assault are linked. It was hypothesized that the mutual effects of beliefs and experiences with regard to dating, sexuality, and alcohol increase the likelihood that a man would misperceive a female companion's sexual intentions, and that this misperception would lead to sexual assault. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were conducted with a representative sample of 814 men at a large urban university. Twenty-six percent of these men reported perpetrating sexual assault. The results of structural equation modeling analyses provided support for the model. Suggestions are made for a more dyadic and dynamic mode of research on this problem, as well as for the development of sexual assault prevention and treatment programs for men.
Having presented this paper to the meetings of the Society in Boston last August, I dutifully circulated copies of it among my colleagues for their comments. I should have known. Not that they were unresponsive; they were very responsive. "You go too far; you don't go far enough. How about this and how about that, and how about cutting whole pages of the statement?" What to do? Just set it aside, give it time, let it season. So I filed those responses away with the paper, hoping that by juxtaposition and by osmotic process they might interact symbolically and give new clarity, if not felicity, to the line of argument I had hoped to develop in the address. Alas, time has not performed this miracle, and I am faced with the problem of how to prepare this paper for publication. The problem has led me to wonder what exactly the publication of a presidential address is supposed to represent. Is it a record of what was presented to the membership of the Society on a certain day and hour or, as I asked one of my colleagues, is that presentation to be considered a run-it-up-the-flagpole exercise which, finding the flag tattered and torn when it is brought down, should be patched together for more formal display? The question was perhaps rhetorical, and a colleague, good friend that he is, suggested that I "tinker with it as little as your sense of intellectual fastidiousness will permit. . . . Let it live as a lecture, a controlled outburst of thought, and leave details for the ragpickers to scrap at." Whereupon, he of course stepped forward to be among the first of the ragpickers. Well, fair enough. Why not let it fly (as in the flag) and respond to as many of his and others' comments as I can in a "postword." This seems such a reasonable solution that I suspect that there is something wrong with it, but I am ready to seize it as a perquisite of the office. Still, it seems from some of the responses to the paper that a few introductory comments may be helpful to sharpen the line of argument that I want to develop. The questions that organized my thoughts for the paper were concerned with how we sociologists of deviance and social problems have conceptualized the problem of deviance. In refering to the "coming out process," I am less interested in the ways various stigmatized groups have engaged in the politics of social and legal "entitlement" than I am in how those activities might be conceived from the interactionist perspective on deviance. I am interested, then, in examining the interactionist conception of the social and moral situation of deviants in order to identify some theoretical issues articulating the study of deviance with the sociology of social problems. My use of the term "coming out" may require further clarification. Although the term is commonly used in conjunction with closets, I will be less concerned with the conditions of secrecy, visibility and disclosure than with the issue of the social affirmation of self. Coming out as an act of self-affirmation is not limited to the matter of the visibility of the stigmatizing condition that Goffman took as the basis for the distinction between the "discredited" and the "discreditable."
Problems of index construction are discussed for four types of integration, each of which varies on a continuum of its own. The four types are: the cultural, that is, consistency among the standards of a culture; the normative, or conformity of the conduct of the group to cultural standards; the communicative, or exchange of meanings throughout the group; and the functional, or interdependence among group members through the division of labor.