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Neuropsychology Review J. 1 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
Neuroscience and Neuropsychology
Models of Brain based on Saint Amit Ray's
114-Chakra System
K. Phillips, N. Cooper, C.J. Hall, J. Clarkson
Brain, Behavior, and Cognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, T.U.
Abstract:
In this paper, we explore a very different account of cognitive neuropsychology model for brain
and behavior, based on Saint Amit Ray's theory of 114-chakra system. Ray’s 114-chakra brain-
body-behavior framework is now applicable to neuroscience, and it provides neuropsychologists
an alternative conceptual framework for describing human behavior and the neural processing
inside the brain. It can represent more adequately for validating and modeling the growing number
of empirical neuroimaging studies of brain and behavior models. Now, the availability of large-
scale samples of neuroimaging and phenotypical data provide an opportunity to verify the validity
of the model in real life situations.
The Amit Ray's 114-chakra models of brain and behavior could, in principle help to lead the way
to a new theory of neuropsychology that could renovate the serious psychological issues. Ray's
model proceeded in two ways. The first is the model construction, which is done in the top-down
approach and then the validity of the model is done by bottom-up approach. It demonstrates how
dynamic interactions between biological neurons, immune molecules in the brain, brain defects,
and sensory inputs can predict the human behavior. This emerging literature suggests the
usefulness of this novel concept. He developed a dense framework of 114 hierarchal chakra system
for human brain-body-behavior and consciousness incorporating neuropsychology, neuroscience
and molecular biology. It provides a stronger and more comprehensive model that is concerned
with how the brain chakras and the rest of the body chakra system can influence a person’s
cognition, emotions and behaviors.
Keywords: 114 chakras, neuroscience; neuropsychology; cognitive psychology; quantum
neuroscience; cognitive neuroscience; positive psychology.
Neuropsychology Review J. 2 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
Introduction
According to Saint Amit Ray, "Human emotions, behaviors and inner experiences are the results
of 114 hierarchal and intelligent energy vortexes in the brain and body, and each energy vortex
can be modeled using Bayesian cognitive models, reinforcement learning or deep neural networks.
Each chakra is an intelligent agent that can make decisions or perform a service based on its
environment, sensory inputs, memories and the inner experiences. The dynamic models of the
chakra system can simulate the whole brain and the body system and can provide an effective
abstract connectivity model of the dynamic subsets of various regions of human system. It can
provide potentially a meaningful high-level descriptions of the interactions that give rise to the
brain-behavior dynamics including perception, attention, language, memory, thinking, behaviors,
and consciousness” [1, 2, 3]. Saint Amit Ray rediscovered the 114 chakras in the human body. He
identified the names, locations and functions of all the 114 chakras for the first time [10].
Ray’s notion of 114-chakra system based behavioral model supports two primary principles (i) the
modularity of the cognitive processes, enabling the self-organization of the mental processes, and
(ii) the dynamic restructuring of the modular architectures in the service of system-wide plasticity
and adaptation [4].
The following sections review these principles of brain-body organization and introduce the 114-
chakra system based neuropsychology theory of Saint Amit Ray for understanding individual
differences in the general factor of intelligence and behavior based on brain-body 114-chakra
topology and network dynamics of the human brain-body interactions. This framework relies upon
formal concepts from network neuroscience and their application to understanding the
neurobiological foundations. Here we examined, the construction of comprehensive data driven,
task-performing computational behavioral models using Ray’s 114-chakra system.
Saint Amit Ray's Theory of 114-Chakra System: An Overview
Ray defined chakra as self-organizing intelligent vortexes of vital energies [1, 2]. Chakras are
made of quantum quasi particles. They are abstract subtle energy body not physical entity like
nerves or neurons. They are more like intelligent quantum processing units [2, 4]. When energy
becomes blocked in a chakra, it triggers physical, mental, or emotional imbalances that manifest
either in psychological symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, depressions or physical diseases.
Neuropsychology Review J. 3 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
Chakras are purification and distribution centers and they have the ability to dynamically alter the
origin and the route of the flow of information.
The Brain-Body-Behavior Framework of Ray 114-chakra System
The brain-body-behavior framework of Ray 114-chakra system consists of five components [1, 2].
The five key approaches to the 114-chakra system are as follows: divinity and spiritual
development, therapeutic uses for mental health and healing, computational modelling, cognitive
neuropsychology and quantum neuroscience. In this article, we focus mainly on the computational
modelling, cognitive neuropsychology and quantum neuroscience of consciousness areas of the
system.
Figure 1: Saint Amit Ray's 114-Chakra System Brain-Body-Behavior Frameworks [1].
Saint Amit Ray's
114 Chakra System
Brain-Body-Behavior
Frameworks
Spiritual
Development
Models
Therapeutic
Models
AI and
Computational
Models
Cognitive
Neuropsychology
Models
Quantum
Neuroscience
Models
Neuropsychology Review J. 4 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
Ray’s 114-Chakra Based Five-Axis Model for Endocrine Systems & Behavior
The Ray’s chakra based five-axis model for brain-body-behavior is a unique contribution in the
field of modern neuropsychology and quantum neuroscience. Ray observed that the changes in the
immune and endocrine systems create changes in our nervous system, which lead to changes in
our health, behavior, emotions and cognition [1, 4]. The 114 Chakra meditation effects positively
on the endocrine system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system,
hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, and energy homeostasis. Major depressive disorder
has been associated with changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis [1, 4].
Hypothalamus is the seat of emotions and governs physiologic functions such as temperature
regulation, thirst, hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive, and the release of other hormones within the
body. This area of the brain regulates the pituitary gland and other glands in the body.
Figure 2: Saint Amit Ray's 114-Chakra System Brain-Body-Behavior Five Axis Model [1, 2]
Sanit Amit Ray's
114 Chakra System
Five Axis Model for
Brain-Body-Behavior
HPA Axis
HPT Axis
HPG Axis
RAA System
Gut Brain Axis
Neuropsychology Review J. 5 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
The 114 Chakra meditation influences the regulation of the HPA axis. The chakra meditation
reduces the need for oxygen, which reduce stress levels. The Urja chakra is linked with the
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid (HPT) axis, which determines and regulates thyroid hormone
production and is particularly associated with depression and anxiety. The Urja chakra model
simulates the behavior of the HPT axis [1, 5]. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) System
regulates blood pressure, electrolytes, and fluid balance are regulated by the 114 Chakras. The
communication between the HPA axis and the gut-brain axis is through bidirectional nervous,
endocrine, and immune communications. The central nervous system (CNS) communicates with
the GI tract in a bidirectional fashion largely through the enteric nervous system (ENS). The gut
is considered as the second brain contains some 100 million neurons, more than in either the spinal
cord or the peripheral nervous system. A large part of our emotions is undoubtedly influenced by
the nerves in our gut. The enteric nervous system uses more than 30 neurotransmitters, just like
the brain, and in fact, about 95 percent of the body's serotonin is found in the gut area. The cutting-
edge research is currently investigating how the gut-brain axis is mediates the body's immune
response.
Recently, researchers also found a deep connection between meditation, the endocrine system and
health and wellbeing [41]. It is gradually acknowledged that the neuroendocrine and, the
sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous
system are the key pathways through which the gut and the brain communicate and they play a
significant role in formulating human behavior and response to the external and internal stimuli
[44].
The 114-Chakra Network and Validity Datasets
Each chakra is a self-organizing processing unit. They are data driven, knowledge driven and value
driven energy systems [3].The correlation approach and, more specifically, data-driven approach
using neuroimaging and psychometric data provides different pattern of behavioral associations
with the 114-chakra networks and the brain regions.
Eventually, the function of any chakra is considered within an integrative approach, including not
only behavioral patterns revealed by local chakra properties, but also interactions with other chakra
networks. In other words, this data-driven approach to chakra system provides a functional
Neuropsychology Review J. 6 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
segregation view as well as aggregated observations of the whole system. This offer a great
opportunity for investigative work and discovery science of human behavior.
The human brain comprises ~86 billion neurons connected through ~150 trillion synapses that
allow neurons to transmit electrical or chemical signals to other neurons. Modern imaging studies
are good at revealing which neural structures are involved in the processing of basic emotions, but
are silent with respect to what structures are necessary to recognize or express such emotions.
Perhaps the key theoretical challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to bridge levels of analysis,
linking brain and behavior in a mutually explanatory manner. This integration would help answer
fundamental questions like how neural activity gives rise to behavior and what basic processes
underlie unique human abilities. Moreover, the ‘languages’ of these two types of data are different.
Behavior is measured in terms of choice and response time, whereas neural activity is measured
by spiking activity or blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal in fMRI. During the last two
decades, there has been an explosion of fMRI studies mapping neural functions to distinct parts of
the brain at rest or during task performance. However, more attention has been directed toward
resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. The experimental works for this study used several behavioral
measures and non-invasive image recordings. The datasets like “Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-
Emotion Interactions” (LEMON) are very useful in this context [47]. We made significant
progress in understanding how positive emotions and negative emotions are generated using the
five axis models.
Chakras and the Quantum Attention Functions
Chakras are the quantum attention centers in human brain and body with varying degree of
uncertainty and influences [3]. The firing rates of the neurons or the body cells depends on the
strength of the quantum attention functions (QAFs) [8]. Attention work in a hierarchical way [8],
toward the stimulus and the target for fulfilling the physical and mental drives and the desires. The
drives and the desires are also work through Bayesian stochastic processes [6, 11]. They deal with
the probabilities of a possible collapse of the quantum wave functions in a hierarchical network.
The keys to success in collaborative quantum attention function are the power and the high
performance of individual attention functions as well as the power of the diversity among the
Neuropsychology Review J. 7 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
attention functions. He mentioned that at low levels of attention, the performance of desire is weak,
at the middle, it is good, and at high levels, it becomes weak again.
Figure 3: Saint Amit Ray's Quantum Attention Function Modules [6] .
The quantum attention function can reduce a wave instantaneously to a tiny local region. The wave
function evolves naturally, without an observer, from a mix of states into a single, well-defined
state. To measure Ray introduced a matrix of extra non-linear mathematical components known
as attention function, which rapidly promotes one state at the expense of others, in a stochastic
way.
The relation between Planck's constant h and Ray's quantum attention function constant ϑ is vital
for Ray's quantum consciousness models [6, 45]. In his model, Ray proposed quantum attention
geometry for mapping the space-time geometry to the functional geometry of the neurons [6].
Physically, the brain is warm, wet, large and full with noises; hence maintaining quantum
coherence is difficult. In reality, the rapid loss of coherence would naturally be likely to block any
decisive role for quantum theory in clarifying the interaction between the conscious experiences
and the physical activities of the brain. Ray said, a human perception not only, depends on the
Quantum Attention
Function Models of
Saint Amit Ray for
Consciousness
Spatial
Attention
Temporal
Attention
Sensory
Attention
Inner
Feelings
and Qualia
Inner
Perceptions
Deep
Oneness
Neuropsychology Review J. 8 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
simultaneous activity of millions of neurons spread throughout the cortex, but also on the influence
of the diverse QAFs in the neighborhood.
Brain, Behavior and Consciousness
Ray's discoveries of quantum attention function [6], 114-chakra system [1, 2, 4], brain-computer
interface [38], compassionate social robots [7, 9, 15, 48] with positive psychology and
compassionate psychology to serve humanity, ushered in a new era of research on human
intelligence and brain-behavior modeling. They uncovered the fundamental mysteries about the
nature and origins of that stand as one of the most significant and enduring challenges for modern
research in the neuropsychology and human consciousness. The data obtained by functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infra-red spectrometry (fNIRS), together
with more refined electrophysiology yielding signs of its success. Chakras are the quantum
attention centers in human brain and body with varying degree of uncertainty and influences.
Figure 4: Saint Amit Ray's Quantum Attention Brain Model
Structurally, attention is the dynamic interplay of different regions of the brain. As shown in figure
-4, primarily structurally attention function includes neo-cortex, amygdala, hippocampus,
Quantum Attention
Function of Brain
Sri Amit Ray Model
Neo-cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal cord
Neuropsychology Review J. 9 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brain stem, and the spinal cord. Dopamine, norepinephrine,
and acetylcholine are the primary neurotransmitters that influence attention functions.
Ray's quantum attention models work for single-cell neurophysiology as well as for the whole
brain behavioral activity. They work in a dynamic hierarchal way. Physically, one can conceive of
an open attention function model as a small "sub-system" of a total ensemble in which the system
is in interaction with its "large" environments. Attention can also be spread across different
modalities to perform tasks that need integration of multiple sensory and environmental signals.
In general, the use of multiple matching sensory signals aids to conclude, take decisions and
actions when compared to relying only on a single modality.
From quantum machine learning [8, 11], point of view, Ray classified attention functions in several
overlapping groups. They are self-attention, sensory-attention, social-attention, external-attention,
memory-based attention, soft-attention, hard-attention, global-attention, and local-attention as
shown in figure-5.
Figure 5: Saint Amit Ray's Quantum Attention Function Computational Models [6].
Several scientific studies of the attention mechanism of the brain are conducted in psychology.
Where cautious behavioral experimentation can give rise to accurate explanations of the tendencies
and abilities of attention in different circumstances, here, the cognitive science and cognitive
Attention
Functions
Computational
Models
Self-
attention Sensory-
attention
Social-
attention
External-
attention
Memory-
based
attention
Soft-
attention
Hard-
attention
Global-
attention
Local-
attention
Neuropsychology Review J. 10 August, 2020 | Volume 9 | Issue 27
psychology aim to fit these observations into models of how mental processes could generate such
behavioral patterns.
Conclusion and Discussion
In this work, we presented a comprehensive framework of brain-body-behavior and consciousness
computational model using Saint Amit Ray's theory of 114-chakra systems [1] and quantum
attention function models [6]. The long-term objective of this research is to improve our
understanding of brain-body-behavior and consciousness in its totality not in a fragmented way.
Ray’s chakra based five-axis model for brain-body-behavior has a unique influence in the field of
modern neuropsychology and quantum neuroscience. The framework incorporates the modern
neuropsychology, quantum neuroscience and molecular biology. The experimental works for this
study used several behavioral measures and non-invasive image recordings. We made significant
progress in understanding how positive emotions and negative emotions are generated. Future
research avenues in this regard should include a greater focus on monitoring human behavior and
emotion analysis with quantum attention models to overcome the barriers of understanding
consciousness and behavior.
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