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Comparing the effects of reflexology and foot bath on sleep quality in the elderly

Authors:
  • Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common mental problems reported among elders. It seems some non-pharmacological interventions, can improve their sleep quality. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two interventions, reflexology and foot bath, on sleep quality in elderly people. Methods : This is a clinical trial without control group , conducted on 46 elderly men in two groups of reflexology and foot bath. Written informed consent was completed by subjects. Reflexology was done in the morning once a week for ten minutes on each foot. Subjects in the foot bath group were asked to soak their feet in 41 to 42°C water one hour before sleeping for 6 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was completed before and after intervention. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Chi square tests. Results: Result showed that the mean PSQI score after intervention in foot bath group was 4.13±3.57 and in reflexology group 4.04±3.91, which was decreased in both groups comparing before intervention (P=0.01 and P= 0.001). Comparing changes in quality of sleep score before and after intervention in foot massage group showed that there was no significant difference in overall and each part scores. Conclusion: Findings indicate that both reflexology and footbath can improve sleep quality in elderly people .
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ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ1،ﺭﺎﻬﺑ1394
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻱﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ :ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ
1
ﻱﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﻱﺪﻬﻣ ،
2
ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﻳﺭ ،ﺎﻘﺑ
3
ﺭﻮﭘﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،
4*
1.
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻞﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
2.
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﻴﻜﺸﻣ ،ﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻞﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻜﺸﻣ ،ﺮﻬﺷ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
3.
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻞﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
4.
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ ﻩﺎﮕ ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻞﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ،ﻝﺎﺨﻠﺧ .ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ:16/12/1393 :ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 04/02/1394
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ
:ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻱ-
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ46 ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻭﺩ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻲﺒﺘﻛ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺢﺒﺻ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ-
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺎﻫﻚﻳ ﻱﺍ ﺖﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻩﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺕﺪ ﺑ ﻪﻛ6 ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻴﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ41 ﺎﺗ42 ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻃﻮﻏ ﺩﺍﺮﮔﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ .ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﻭ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ گﺭﻮﺑﺯﺮﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ.ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻳﻭ ﻦﻣ ،ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻛﺎﻜﻠﻳﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ :ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻞﻛ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ57/3 ± 13/4 ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ91/3 ± 04/4 ﺖﺳﺍﻪﻛ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻞﻛ ﻱ01/0=p
001/0=pﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .( ﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻱﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩ
ﭻﻴﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻱﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ.ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
ﻩژﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﻛ:ﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ.ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ،ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ،ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ* :ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩE.mail: msavadpoor@yahoo.com
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 5ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،1ﭘﺎﻴﭘ)14 ،(ﺭﺎﻬﺑ94
1078
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺪﺷﺮﻴﭘ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ)1 ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ .(2000 ،
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ) ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ60 (ﻝﺎـﺳ10 ـ ـ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ 2010
ﻪﺑ7/11 ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺷ2030
ﻪﺑ6/16 ) ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ2ﺖﻋﺮﺳ .( ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛﺭﺩ ﻝﺎـﺣﺭﺩ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﺱﻮـﺴﺤﻣ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ) ﺖـﺳﺍ3( .
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ2/7 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ %1385 ﻪﺑ2/8 ﺭﺩ %
ﻝﺎﺳ1390 ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ5،4،ﺏﺍﻮﺧ .( ﻡﺰﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ
ــ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎــﻳﺯﺎﺑ ــ ﺖــﺳﺩﺯﺍ ــ ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺧ ﻭ ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ) ﺖﺳﺍ6 ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ (
ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ
)7( گﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻣﻭ
) ﺖﺳﺍ8 ﺞـﻳﺍﺭ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ .( ﻝﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖـﺳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
)9ﻊﻳﺎﺷ .( ﺭﺩ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻭ ﻱﺰﻴﺧﺮﺤـﺳ ،ﺐـﺷ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﺭﺍﺪـﻴﺑ ،ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ
ـ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻲﮔﺩﻮـﻟﺁ ) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪــﻧﺍ10 ﺭﺰـﻳﺍ .(
0F
1
ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱ9/60 ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
) ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻒﻴﻌـﺿ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ11 ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ .(
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ67 ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
1F
2
61 ﻥﺁ ﺪﺻﺭﺩﻲﺑ ﺎﻫ ) ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺍﻮﺧ12 ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .(
ﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺒ
ﻥﺎﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻓﺩﺎـﺼﺗ ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ ﻞـﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣﺩﻮـﺧ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،ﻥﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ،ﻒﻴﻌـﺿ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ
گﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ ﺮﻴﻣﻭ ؛ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﺑﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫﺕﺮﭼ ﻭ ﻲ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻝﻮـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﺯ
) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ ،ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ14،13،9.(
ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ،ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺪـﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ
،ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﻭﺁ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻛ
1Eser
2Dis somnia
ﺎﻣﺍ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻄﺧ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﺍ ) ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺍﺭ15.( ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎـﺸﻓ ﻚـﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻚـﻳ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
،ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺎﭘ ﻲﺴﻜﻠﻓﺭ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺮﻫ
)16ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺻﻭﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .( ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺍﻮـﺧ17 ـﻟ ﺎـﻣﺍ (
2F
3
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﮔﺩﺮـﺴﻓﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ
ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ) ﺩﺩﺮـﮔ ﻪـﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻝﺎـﺳ18 ﮓﻧﺎـﺳ .(
3F
4
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎ ) ﺖﺳﺍ19 ﺎـﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ .(
ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻱﺎـﻀﻋﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
،ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺕﻼﻜـﺸﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻲـﻣ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ ﺐـﻃ ﻚـﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ)ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ20.(
ﻢـﻛ ﻭ ﻞﻬـﺳ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺣﺍﺭ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
4F
5
ﻥﺪـﺑ ﻱﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺏﺁ ﺎﺑ
،ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻉﻭﺮـﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ
ﻲـﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﺑ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ-
ﻲﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻪـﺟﺭﺩ ﻁﻮﻘﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﺕﺭﺍﺮـﺣ ﻱ
(ﻝﺎﺘﻛﺭ) ﻥﺪﺑ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺖﻤـﺴﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺎـﻣﺮﮔ ﻑﻼـﺗﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻕﻭﺮﻋ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻥﺪﺑ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﺑ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺏﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻚﻳ ﻥﻮـﺧ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻱ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻱﻦﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ
)22،21 ﺍﺬﻟ .(ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮓـﻧﻮﻳ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
5F
6
)23ﮓﻧﺎﻳ ،(
6F
7
)24ﻮﻴﻟ ﻭ (7F
8
)22 ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪـﺤﻣ ﻭ ( ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
3Lee
4Song
5footbath
6Yeung
7Yang
8Liao
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
1079
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻥﺎـﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺍ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮــﭙﺑ ﻪــﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻱ .ﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪــﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻱ ﺮـﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﻚﻳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻊـﻤﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻛ ﻮﺳ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ـ
ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻮﺠﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮـﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕـﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻕﻼـﺧﺍ ﻱ
ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ- ﻢﻌﻨـﻣ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ـ - ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﺍﺮـﺟﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱ ﺩﺮـﻛ-
ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ200 ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﺮﻛﺬـﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ) ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻱ-
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ .ﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪـﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺐﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ،ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ
ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻨﺷ ،ﺎﻣﺩ ،ﻪﺴﻣﻻ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺪﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺖـﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ ﻦﺘـﺷﺍﺩ :ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴ
ﺐﺷ ﻥﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻧﺎـﺟ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆـﺳ ﻭﺰـﺟ ﻪـﻛ) ﺭﻭﺁ
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﺖـﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻦﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ (ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ10
.ﻝﺎﺳ
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﺵﻭﺪــﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻞــﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﻮــﺧ ﺮــﺑ ﺭﺍﺬــﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺮــﮔ
ﻞﻴـﺼﺤﺗ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﻛ) ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮـﻛ
.ﺪـﺷ ﻲﺘﻣﻼـﺳ ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄـﺳ ،(ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺮﻛﺬـﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ-
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
.ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱ1392 ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻱ12
ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ- ﻢﻌﻨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ـ -
ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ
05/0 =α 9/0Power = ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲـﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱ
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ95/0± 75/0 ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ98/2 ± 25/3 ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ .ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ،ﺩﻮـﺑ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ20 ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺖﻓﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ20 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ25 ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺮـﻫ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﻛﺬـﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ .ﺪ
ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ50 ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ
.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﺎـﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﺴﻜﻠﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ
ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﺒﻠﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ (ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ) ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻳﺩ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ46 ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺮـﻫ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﺮﮔ
ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻔﻠﺗ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱ
ﻭ ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ
ﻪـﺑ گﺭﻮـﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻠﻴـﺳﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻱ ـ
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺕﺎـﺴﻠﺟ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻔﻠﺗ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﻃ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ،ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱ ـ
ــﻣ) (ﺩﺮ- ﺱﻼــﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﻙﺭﺪــﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪــﻛ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻩﺪـﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﻪﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﺴﻜﻠﻓﺭ
ﺩﻮﺑ- ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺖـﺨﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﻬﺠﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺯﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ8 ﺎﺗ13 ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻬﻇ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲـﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﻭ ﻱ .ﺪـﺷ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﺴﻠﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 6 ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﺕﺪﻣ10 ﺎﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ژﺎﺳﺎﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺯ ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻒﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ژﺎﺳﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ژﺎﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻪﻨﻴﭘ ﻱ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﭘ ﺖﺴﺷ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ،ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ژﺎﺳﺎﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
ﻈﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﻳﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻘﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢ
) ﺪﺷ25 ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ .( ﻚـﻳ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻱ
ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻪـﺴﻠﺟ ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻱ
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 5ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،1ﭘﺎﻴﭘ)14 ،(ﺭﺎﻬﺑ94
1080
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘـﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻃﻮﻏ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﻭ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺁ ﻱﺎـﻣﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ
ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ6 ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ﻚـﻳ ﺐﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﭘ ،ﻥﺪﻴﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘ ﭻﻣ ﺯﺍ20 ﻱﺎـﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ41 ـ 42
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺎﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺩ
ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺁ10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﻋ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔ
ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻥﺎـﺷﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻑﺮﻇ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻪﻃﻮﻏ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﻭ
ﺖﻛﺮـــﺷ ﻱﺮـــﻴﮕﻴﭘ ﻲـــﻨﻔﻠﺗ ﺱﺎـــﻤﺗ ﻖـــﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪـــﻨﻨﻛ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ.ﺪﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ گﺭﻮﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺮﮕـﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻱ
ﻡﺍﺮﮔﺎﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﭼﻮﻠﻓ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ1 ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺎﻫ، ﺶﺳﺮﭘﻪﻣﺎﻧ ـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻤـﺴﻗﻭﺩ ﻱ
ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﺖﻤـﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶـﺳﺮﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱ
گﺭﻮﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ
8F
1
ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ
گﺭﺰﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ .ﺩﺩﺮـﮔ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲـﺳ ﻱﺎـﺑ ﻲـﺟ ﻞﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ
9F
2
ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ26 ؛(
ﺰﺟ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻩﺪﺠﻫ :ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ ﺮـﻳﺯ ء
ﺕﺪـﻣ ﻝﻮـﻃ ،ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ،ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻱﺎـﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮـﺼﻣ ،ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ،ﺪـﻴﻔﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ،ﺏﺍﻮﺧ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ.ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ0 ﺎﺗ3 ءﺰﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﻭ10F
3
ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪـﺣ ﺰـﻴﻧ3
ﻩﺮـﻤﻧ ،ءﺰﺟ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ـ
ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻪـﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻱ0 ـ 21 .ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺗ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱ5 ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻟﻻﺩ
1PSQI=Pittsburgh sleep quality index
2Daniel J Buysse
3Component
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺨـﺴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲـﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻱ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ
PSQI .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺖﻬﺟﻪﺨﺴﻧ ،ﻖﻴ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻲـﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻱ
ﻪﺨـﺴﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ گﺭﻮـﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻲـﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ10 ﻩﺎﮕـﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﻔﻧ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ءﺰﺟ .ﺪـﻣﺁ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍPSQI ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﮔﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻱ
11F
4
،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﻥﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺥﺎـﺑ8/0 ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ93/0 ﺎﺗ98/0 ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ27 ﺭﺩ .(
ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺎـﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺑﺁ
ﻥﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁﺥﺎﺑ 88/0 ﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ )28 ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ .(
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ12 ﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻥﻭﺮﻛ ،ﺥﺎﺑ8/0 ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﻊـﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﺎـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ13SPSS ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱ ﻲﻔﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
،ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ .ﺪـﺷ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﺎـــﻣﺮﻧ ﺍﺪـــﺘﺑﺍ ﻥﻮـــﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـــﺳﺍ ﺎـــﺑ ﺎـــﻫK-S
ﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﻛ)- ﻒﻧﺮﻴﻤﺳﺍﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ( ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﻮـﺴﻛﺎﻜﻠﻳﻭ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻱ-
ـﺴﻤﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻳﻭ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻦـﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺢﻄـﺳ .ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻛ ﻭ ﻲـﻨﺘﻳ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ) ﺎﻫ05/0<p( .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ46 ﻲﻣﺎـﻤﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﻲﮔﺪـﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻫﺄﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ-
ﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺮـﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮ
52/4 ±26/67 .ﺩﻮــﺑ43 ) ﺮــﻔﻧ70/95 ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﺯﺍ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ-
ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ- ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ 1 .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ
4Agargun
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
1081
ﻪــﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮــﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻦــﺳ ﻞــﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
)46/0=p) ﺕﻼﻴـــﺼﺤﺗ ،(57/0=p ،( ﻱﺩﺎـــﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﻴﻌـــﺿﻭ
)68/0=pﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ( ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ) ﺖـﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ 1.(
ﺖـﻔﻫ ءﺍﺰـﺟﺍ ،ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪـﻧﺎﮔ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻱ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ گﺭﻮﺑﺯﺮﺘﻴﭘ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺐـﺴﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻱ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗﻭ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞـﺒﻗ ،ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺶـﺳﺮﭘ ءﺰـﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ
) ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ02/0=p ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ ﻭ (
) ﻦﺘﻓﺭ001/0=p ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ (
) ﺪـﻴﻔﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﺑ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺎﭘ09/0=p ﻭ (
ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻱﺎـﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ) ﺭﻭﺁ09/0=p ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ( .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻱ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ27/5±08/6 68/3±60/7 ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻪــﺑ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮــﺴﻜﻠﻓﺭ ﻩﻭﺮــﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ04/4 ±91/43 ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﭘ ﻡﺎــﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮــﮔ57/3± 13/4 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ) ﺖــﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ 2.(
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ
ﭻﻴﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻩﺮـﻤﻧ ﻭ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻞـﻛ ﻱ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ05/0>p ﻩﺭﺎﻤـﺷ ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ) ( 3 .(
ﻦـﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻨﺘﻳ ﺕﺍﺮـﻤﻧ ﻱ ـ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻱ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ) ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ19/0p=.(
) ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ6/69 ( ـ 16 ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﻔﻧ
) ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ8/47 (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ11 ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻝﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣ ﺪـﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
)23/0p= ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻝﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ .(
) ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ1/39 (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ9 ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮـﻔﻧ-
) ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ7/21 (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ5 ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ
)08/0=pــﻣﺍ ( ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎــﺑ ﻅﺎــﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺎ ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ) ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ 4.(
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱ ﻦـﻳﺍ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻱ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻢﺸﺷ ﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ءﺰﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﺑ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ) ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ (ﺭﻭﺁ ـﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ءﺰـﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄـﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻲـﻨﻫﺫ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﭻﻴـﻫ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞـﺒﻗ ﻱ ـ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪـﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺎﻘﻣﻪﺴﻳ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄـﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ءﺰﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ
ﻩﺮـﻤﻧ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ـ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ.ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺳﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﻗﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ) ﺯﻮﭘﻮﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ29ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ (
ﻲـﻟ ﻦﻳ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ
12F
1
ﻑﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺎـﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺎـﻧﺯ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺎـﻤﻳﺍﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ)30 ﺎـﺑ (
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮓﻧﻮﻳ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱ
13F
2
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻤﻳﺍ ﻱ ﻲﺑﺍﻮﺧ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺖﻗﺩ ﺎﺑ
) ﺖﺳﺍ23ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ( ـ ـ ﺿ -
.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻱ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺕﺭﻮـﻫﻮﻛ ﻱ
ﺖـﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘـﺴﺧ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧﺎ
ﻲﻤﻴــﺷﻪــﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻃﺮــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﻼﺘــﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎــﻣﺭﺩ ) ﻝﺎــﺘﻴﻧژ ﻱ24 ،(
1Yen Li
2Yeung
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 5ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،1ﭘﺎﻴﭘ)14 ،(ﺭﺎﻬﺑ94
1082
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮓﻧﺎﺳ ﻱ14F
1
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻧﺯ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ31 (
ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮــﺧ ﺖــﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮــﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻮﺋﺎــﻴﻟ ﻊﻃﺎــﻘﺘﻣ ﻱ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﮓﻧﺎـﺳ ﻭ ﮓـﻧﺎﻳ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻣﺍ ﺖـﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮـﺧ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻮﻳﻻ
15F
2
) ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻀﺗ ﺭﺩ31 ،24،22.(
ﻡﺎــﻴﭘ ﻝﺎــﺳﺭﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫ ــﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒــﺼﻋ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﻩﺪــﺷ ــ
ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎـﻌﺗ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
) ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ32 .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ (
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺮـﺣ ﻱ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻱ ﻪﻠﻴـﺳﻭ
ﻲﻣﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻴﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴ
) ﺩﻮﺷ21،22 .(ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﮓـﻧﻮﻳ ﺪـﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎـﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﺑﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺭﺍ
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻡﻻﻭﺯﺍﺮﭙﻟﺁ ﺐـﻃ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮـﺑ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
ﻪـﺑ ﻡﺰﻴﺗﻮﻨﭙﻴﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻌﻣ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻲـﻨ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﻝﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ23ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ .( ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻱ-
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻭ ﻞﻬﺳ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺐﻃ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ءﺎـﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺭﺩ
.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ـ
ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ـﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻱ ﻲـﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻬـﺳ ﻱﺍ ﺮـﻄﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎـﻣﺍ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺁ
1Sung
2Liao
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺎـﻳ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱ
ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻱ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪـﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮـﺗﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗ ﻪــﺑ ﻲــﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪــﺤﻣ ﻞــﻴﻟﺩ ﺰــﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺪﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ،ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮـﮔ
ﻡﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢـﺠﺣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻱ
.ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ
ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻩﺪـﻨﻳﺁ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﻠﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻨﻣﻮﺳﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍ
.ﺩﻮﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻉﻮــﻤﺠﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺮــﻫ ﻪــﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋــﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻱ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮـﺴﻜﻠﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻱ-
ﺏﺎـﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎـﭘ ﻡﺎـﻤﺣ ﻪـﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﺭﺩ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪـﻧ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ-
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺏﺍﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩﻪﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱ
.ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ
ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
1083
ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳ91181 ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮـﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕـﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ
.ﺪـﺷ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣﻭ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻳﺎﺳﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺎﺑ
13N201210046918IRCT .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺖــﺒﺛ
ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺱﺎﭙﺳ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻢﻌﻨـﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻡﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ـ
ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 5ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،1ﭘﺎﻴﭘ)14 ،(ﺭﺎﻬﺑ94
1084
ﻡﺍﺮﮔﺎﻳﺩ1ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ : ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﺭﺎﻛﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳﻩﺪﻧﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺪ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻱ
ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻢﻌﻨﻣﺭﻮﭘ)50=n(
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ
)46=n(
ﺭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ
)ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ2=nﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻳﺩ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ( 10
) ﻝﺎﺳ2=n(
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ)ﺎﻫ23=
n
(
ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ) ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ23=
n
(
) ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ23=
n
(
ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ گﺭﻮﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳ
ﻚﻤﻛﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺮﮔ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
6) ﻪﺘﻔﻫ23=n(
ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻚﻤﻛ-
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺮﮔ
ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ)23=
n
(
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ)ﺎﻫ23=
n
ﺯﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ(
ﺎﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻜﺷ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
)1=n(
) ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ23=
n
(
ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ گﺭﻮﺑﺰﺘﻴﭘﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳ
ﻚﻤﻛﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺮﮔ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ6
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ)23=n(
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻚﻤﻛ-
ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
1085
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ﻱ1ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ (- ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
) ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ23n=(
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ )23n=(
P- valu
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
:ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﻲﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ
)13(3
)70/8(2
ﻲﻳﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
)70/8 (2
)40/17 (4
ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ
)03/4(1
)0(0
ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ
)10/39(9
)13 (3
57/0
*
ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ
)07/21 (5
)7/8(2
ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ
)13(3
)1/39 (9
ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻕﻮﻓ
)0(0
)13(3
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﻞﺧﺩ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺝﺮﺧﻭ
)8/47(11
)20/52(12
68/0
*
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻞﺧﺩ ﺝﺮﺧ
)0(0
)40/17(4
ﺝﺮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻞﺧﺩ
)2/52(12
)40/30(7
) :ﻦﺳM±SD(
28/4 ± 49/67
40/4 ± 82/66
46/0
**
ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ *
ﻲﻨﺘﻳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ **
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ﻱ2 :(ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
* ﻥﻮﺴﻛﺎﻜﻠﻳﻭ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ )23n=(
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
P- valu
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
P- valu
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
67/0±1
58/0± 60/0
013/0
*
91 /0±04/1
52/0 ±66/0
02/0
*
ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ
07/1± 39/1
89/0±47/0
001/0
*
17/1±15/1
65/0±98/0
001/0
*
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ
03/1± 52/1
90/0± 78/0
004/
*
0
17/1±14/1
73/0±96/0
39/0
ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ
33/1
±
04/1
98/0
±
60/0
093/0
95/0
±
22/1
60/0
±
83/0
21/0
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ
38/0± 17/1
51/0± 78/0
007/0
*
91/30±51/0
86/0±54/0
73/0
ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﻭﺁ
42/1±33/1
28/1± 73/0
098/0
91/0 ±25/1
47/0 ±08/1
10/0
ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ
48/0± 34/0
34/0± 13/
025/0
*
26/0 ±54/0
04/0±20/0
059/0
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ ﻱ
68/3±60/7
57/3± 13/4
001/0
*
08/6 ±27/5
91/3±04/4
01/0
*
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﺐﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 5ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،1ﭘﺎﻴﭘ)14 ،(ﺭﺎﻬﺑ94
1086
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ) ﻱ3ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ( ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱ ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺎﻫ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ءﺍﺰﺟﺍﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
P- valu
Mean Rank
Mean Rank
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
61/23
39/23
95/0*
ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺄﺗ
39/26
61/20
11/0
*
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ
98/24
02/22
42/0
*
ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ
87/23
13/23
83/0
*
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﻻﻼﺘﺧﺍ
41/26
59/20
08/0
*
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣﺭﻭﺁ
67/23
33/23
89/0
*
ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ
89/23
11/23
77/0
*
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ ﻱ
22/20
78/26
09/0
*
ﻲﻨﺘﻳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ *
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ )4ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ( ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻝﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ
ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (ﺪﺻﺭﺩ)
ﺎﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ
16
(
60/69
)
7
(
40/30
)
9
(
10/39
)
14
(
90/60
)
ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
11 ( 80/47 )
12 ( 20/52 )
5 ( 70/21 )
18 ( 30/78 )
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
*P= 23/0
*P= 08/0
* ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻪﺠﻳﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
1087
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Original Article
Comparing the effects of reflexology and foot bath on sleep quality in the elderly
Nasiri Kh1, Jafari M2,Ivanbagha R3, Savadpoor MT4*
1. Instructor, MSc in Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Khalkhal School of Medical Sciences,
Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
2. Instructor, MSc in Nursing, Department of Medical surgical, Meshkinshahr School of Health, Ardebil University of
Medical Sciences, Meshkinshahr, Iran
3. Instructor, MSc in Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Khalkhal School of Medical Sciences, Ardebil University
of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
4. Instructor, MSc in Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical, Khalkhal School of Medical Sciences, Ardebil
University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran.
Received:07March, 2015؛Accepted:24April, 2015
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common mental problems reported among
elders. It seems some non-pharmacological interventions, can improve their sleep
quality. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two interventions,
reflexology and foot bath, on sleep quality in elderly people.
Methods: This is a clinical trial without control group, conducted on 46 elderly men in
two groups of reflexology and foot bath. Written informed consent was completed by
subjects. Reflexology was done in the morning once a week for ten minutes on each
foot. Subjects in the foot bath group were asked to soak their feet in 41 to 42°C water
one hour before sleeping for 6 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was
completed before and after intervention. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon, Mann-
Whitney and Chi square tests.
Results: Result showed that the mean PSQI score after intervention in foot bath group
was 4.13±3.57 and in reflexology group 4.04±3.91, which was decreased in both
groups comparing before intervention (P=0.01 and P= 0.001). Comparing changes in
quality of sleep score before and after intervention in foot massage group showed that
there was no significant difference in overall and each part scores.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that both reflexology and footbath can improve sleep
quality in elderly people.
Keywords: Reflexology, Foot bath, Sleep quality, Elderly.
*Corresponding author: E.mail: msavadpoor@yahoo.com
Complementary Medicine Journal; Volume 1, No 14, Spring 2015
... Likewise, in two studies conducted in Iran, it was found that a foot bath significantly decreased the PSQI score in the elderly. 9,29 It was determined with polysomnographic results in the study by Morin et al. 30 that nonpharmacological applications led to a decrease in the duration of falling asleep and the number of awakenings. A randomized controlled study conducted on 69 elderly men found that foot baths at 41-42 degrees for 6 weeks improved sleep quality. ...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: This study was conducted as a single-blind, randomized controlled parallel-group study with 50 elderly individuals to investigate the effect of foot bath on sleep quality. Methods: The data were collected using the “Elderly Information Form” and the “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)” between 1 May 2022-1 July 2022 at a State Hospital in Gümüşhane province. The elderly in the foot bath group were given a foot bath with 41-42°C water for 20 minutes 50 minutes before normal sleep hours. No application was made to the control group except for the administration of data collection tools. The data were analyzed with Chi-square, Friedman, Wilcoxon Sign, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: It was determined that at least one of the total PSQI measurements and median scores of all subcomponents obtained from the elderly in the foot bath group differed depending on time (P.05). Again, All PSQI subcomponents and total PSQI scores, except for the subcomponent “Habitual Sleep Efficiency (C4)”, decreased throughout the application in the elderly in the foot bath group. Conclusion: As a result, a foot bath improved sleep quality in the elderly. In line with the findings from this study, it is recommended to compare the foot bath with multiple experimental groups for a longer period of time.
... A study compared the impacts of reflexology and foot bath on the quality of sleep among the elderly. [29] The results showed that the mean (SD) scores of sleep quality decreased after the intervention in the foot bath and reflection therapy in both groups. The comparison of sleep quality components of three groups after the intervention showed a significant difference between the two groups of FRM and BRT, which were significantly different from the control group. ...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Cardiovascular diseases can affect sleep quality. The use of non-pharmacological methods to improve the sleep quality of heart failure patients is essential. Therefore, this study compared the effects of the Benson relaxation technique and foot reflexology massage on sleep quality of those patients. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial study, 93 patients with systolic heart failure referred to Javad Al-Aeme heart clinic in Torbat Heydarieh were selected with purposive sampling method and divided into the foot reflexology massage, Benson relaxation technique, and control groups using the balanced blocking randomization method. The Benson relaxation technique and the foot reflexology massage were performed for 20 and 30 minutes three days per week for four weeks, respectively. The control group only received routine care. Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and then compared among the groups before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc tests, paired t test, and Chi-square at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: After interventions, the mean (SD) quality of sleep significantly increased in both intervention groups (Reflexology: pre-intervention 10.80 (3.40), post-intervention 6.60 (3.10), Benson relaxation: pre-intervention 15.50 (2.40) post-intervention 12 (2.60), compared to the control group (pre-intervention 10.50 (1.90) post-intervention 9.40(1.70) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (p = 0.53). Conclusions: The interventions improved the quality of sleep in patients with systolic heart failure. Therefore, these methods can be used as a suitable complementary treatment to improve the quality of sleep by nurses and midwives.
Article
This pilot study was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the effect of the warm footbath on the sleep quality of Iranian older adults. Males and females aged over 60 were randomly divided into three groups (footbath group with water at 40°C, footbath group with water at 37°C, and one control group) using the permutation block method. Repeated measures design was used to compare the groups after week two and week four to study the effects of footbath on sleep quality. Footbath with water at 40°C and 37°C caused significant improvement in the participants' sleep quality. No significant difference was found between the participants' sleep quality treated with water at 40°C and 37°C. Future studies with larger samples are recommended for assessing the effectiveness of warm footbath in enhancing sleep quality in older adults.
Article
Full-text available
An integrative literature review of identified scientific evidence, published from January 2000 to December 2008, of the utilisation of reflexology as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities to promote well-being and quality of life in adults with chronic diseases was done to facilitate nurses to give informed health education during comprehensive nursing care to patients with chronic diseases. Selected accessible databases were searched purposefully for research articles (N = 1171). Pre-set inclusion criteria were applied during the study selection process. The methodological study quality was reviewed and appraised with appropriate tools from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and the American Dietetic Association's (ADA) Evidence analysis manual (n = 21). Evidence extraction, analysis and synthesis of studies (n = 18) were done through the evidence class rating and level of strength as prescribed in the manuals of ADA and CASP. Findings indicate statistically significant reduction in the frequency of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy, an improvement of sensory and urinary symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis and clinically significant reduction of anxiety and pain in patients with cancer and fibromyalgia syndrome. These findings can be utilised by nurses to inform patients with these chronic diseases about alternative ways of treatment.
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Regarding to increasing of life expectancy, women spend about one-third of their lives in menopausal stage. Many women are interested to use complementary and alternative medicines for relief from their menopausal complications. Reflexology is One of the complementary and alternative medicines .The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Reflexology on hot flash in menopausal women. This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 100 retired menopausal women ranging from 45 to 60 in 2011. They were randomly divided in two groups as case and control. Data collection tools were questionnaire. Questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristic, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index. In case group reflexology was preformed for 15 minutes, daily through 21 days while there was no intervention in the control group. There was no significant difference in demographic and the menopausal complications between two groups before intervention in case group. The results showed a significant reduction sleep disorder after intervention (p < 0.001).Reflexology is effective in improving of sleep disorder and therefore midwives can learn it and teach it to menopausal women.
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