THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND LABOUR MARKET DUE TO THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (4.0)

Abstract

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4th IR) shall see the merging of artificial intelligence as well as information technology like a new solution to respond to the industrial and social issues around the world, by combining cyber and physical disciplines. The 4th IR will be sending a domino effect of far-and wide-reaching consequences all over the labour-intensive field of agriculture. Explaining the Indian Agricultural Industrialization method, as well as taking a case survey, the following article seeks at defining the manner in which the changes in the Agri-labour market can be gradually explained and examined. The aim of the following article is to evaluate the effect of the implementation Industry 4.0 on Agri-labour market throughout the industry. The article concentrates on the evaluation of expected effects in areas such as Agricultural Industrialization, labour market as well as labour efficiency. Merging artificial intelligence as well as big data will develop into a high-tech industry which operates on its own. Such technologies enable precision agriculture, like the yield monitoring, assessing soil moisture, identifying insect pests, detecting harvest time, and monitoring crop health condition. Particularly, the Internet of things (IoT) will determine the temperature, humidity, and quantity of sunlight in production farms, which is making it possible for remote control through mobile devices. It will not only improve the production of the farms but then also increase their value. This paper sums up several important features of the 4th IR as well as the history that led to the 4th IR. The research examines its effect on the Indian Agriculture production system as well as the labour market.

Full text

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND
LABOUR MARKET DUE TO THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION (4.0)
Dr. A. SHAJI GEORGE 1, A. S. HOVAN GEORGE 2
1, Independent Researcher, Masters IT Solutions, Chennai -600 057, Tamil Nadu, India
2, Masters IT Solutions, Chennai -600 057, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
The Fourth Industrial Revolution ( 4th IR) shall see the merging of artificial intelligence as
well as information technology like a new solution to respond to the industrial and social issues
around the world, by combining cyber and physical disciplines. The 4th IR will be sending a
domino effect of far- and wide-reaching consequences all over the labour-intensive field of
agriculture. Explaining the Indian Agricultural Industrialization method, as well as taking a
case survey, the following article seeks at defining the manner in which the changes in the Agri-
labour market can be gradually explained and examined. The aim of the following article is to
evaluate the effect of the implementation Industry 4.0 on Agri-labour market throughout the
industry. The article concentrates on the evaluation of expected effects in areas such as
Agricultural Industrialization, labour market as well as labour efficiency. Merging artificial
intelligence as well as big data will develop into a high-tech industry which operates on its own.
Such technologies enable precision agriculture, like the yield monitoring, assessing soil
moisture, identifying insect pests, detecting harvest time, and monitoring crop health condition.
Particularly, the Internet of things (IoT) will determine the temperature, humidity, and quantity
of sunlight in production farms, which is making it possible for remote control through mobile
devices. It will not only improve the production of the farms but then also increase their value.
This paper sums up several important features of the 4th IR as well as the history that led to the
4th IR. The research examines its effect on the Indian Agriculture production system as well as
the labour market.
Keywords: Fourth Industrial Revolution, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things(IOT), Agricultural
Industrialization, Labour Market, Government policy, Industry 4.0.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
205
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

INTRODUCTION
Agriculture plays a key role in our country economy as well as the everyday lives of the vast
majority of rural Indians. Agricultural advancement has been acclaimed as one of the essential
tools that could be used for putting an end to extreme poverty, therefore enhancing common
prosperity, and feeding an estimated world-wide population of 9.7 billion people by 2050. The
possibilities for economic growth this sector create in accordance with the conditions of increasing
incomes amongst the world's poorest population will not come without a cost. Modern-day
agriculture is solely responsible for a huge share of environmental destruction, which leads to the
decline of continental and marine ecosystems, diminishing water resources, as well as driving
climate change. Unless India is to reduce these roadblocks, its agriculture will need to be
modernized via the contribution of technologies that fall under the Fourth Industrial Revolution
(4IR).
The term 4IR comprises a variety of innovative, developing, and breakthrough technologies such
as Big Data, the (IoT), (AI), Blockchain, and Drones, to mention a few. It also makes provision
for revolutionary techniques of organization, distribution, and production that is based upon digital
transformation as well as automatization which can wipe boundaries between physical objects,
transforming them into an all-encompassing, sophisticated system of interrelated and
interdependent components. Consequently, such technologies have the possibility to have a
positive effect on the efficiency and profitability of the agricultural sector as well as the creation
of new-found locally based added value, particularly in India. The Fourth IR is built on the Digital
Revolution, which represents new methods wherein technology develops embedded in societies as
well as the human body. The Fourth IR has been marked by emerging technology advances in a
wide range of fields, involving robotics, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology,
quantum computing, 3D printing, The Internet of Things, and autonomous vehicles. The fourth IR
is taking place in Infront of our eyes. For India, the Fourth IR creates enormous opportunities to
overtake several stages of growth, accelerating its journey on its way to becoming a developed
economy. In many different ways, the Fourth IR is a leveler. Technologies that are currently being
used in India shall be the same as those in use in developed countries. Robots, IoT, AI, are all
technologies transforming the Agriculture industry in the industrialized world and are prepared to
do the same in India.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
206
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

In this context, the paper has attempted to discuss the fourth Industrial Revolution as well as its
effect on the Indian Agricultural sector as well as the Agri labour market. One thing that is very
clear is that the Industry 4.0 revolution will be extremely technology intensive.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The primary objective of the paper is to talk about the anticipated changes in the Agriculture
Industries, Agri-labour market, productivity as well as the less skilled and marginalized labour
caused by the 4th Industrial Revolution. The paper has also attempted to discuss the challenges of
the Agriculture sector as well as active labour market policy and social protection, and adopting
the 4th IR and how to train engineers and unskilled labourers to deal with the emerging skill needs
of 4th IR.
METHODOLOGY:
This research primarily uses secondary data. The relevant sources of the information collected are
being published and not published sources such as books, magazines, journals, reports,
publications, unpublished doctoral dissertations, and the website of numerous online journals, etc.
HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Prior industrial revolutions have already been characterized by the implementation of different
techniques for production. The World's First Industrial Revolution utilized water as well as steam
power to mechanize production. The World's Second Industrial Revolution used electric power to
create mass production. The World’s Third Industrial Revolution used Information technology and
Electronics to Automate production. The World’s Fourth Industrial Revolution is building up at
the third revolution along with a digital revolution that is taking place ever since the middle of the
last century. It is described by a combination of technology that is blurring the boundaries between
the physical, digital, as well as biological spheres. In its wide definition., 4.0 IR is characterized
by swift technological advancement by increasing the use of mobile communications as well as
interconnections Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Big data, Autonomous
vehicles, Nano Technologies, 3D printing, Quantum Computing, and Biotechnology, etc.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
207
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS FROM 1.0 TO 4.0
THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE 4th INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Industrial Revolution 4.0 agriculture technologies seem to come straight out of science fiction.
Already few companies are developing a swarm of small self-sufficient robots that can plant seeds.
Operated by a farmer’s handheld tablet, which has been operating with the support of satellites as
well as the cloud-based software, the swarm will have the ability to place each seed in the right
spot with more accuracy than current methods can. Technology is going to reduce the need for
tractors, planter bars, as well as the tractor operators. Due to the fact that the swarm may adjust
the seed locations for altering conditions, it will boost the yield, by lower costs, quicker planting
speeds, as well as a reduced effect on the environment. Thus, many new technologies, products,
as well as services are showing that the whole sector is soon-to-be unrecognizable to the
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
208
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

participants of a generation before. To be prepared for this future, agricultural firms should take
the right steps now.
ADVANTAGE OF 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN PRECISION
FARMING
Precision farming that uses, high-resolution 3D aerial imagery from drones, Internet of Things
(IoT) sensors, and AI-powered analysis tools to assess the characteristics of soil and the conduct
of crops down to a square inch might soon. substantially decrease the need for fertilizers as well
as pesticides completely.
EMERGING CONCEPTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Emerging concepts such as precision agriculture, that involves the use of drones, robotics, sensors,
as well as biological inputs, biological data, farm management software, gene editing, and cloning,
artificial intelligence, 3D printing, machine learning, and blockchain may lead not just to a more
effective agricultural system, but also to one that reduces the waste while at the same time being
more economically and ecologically feasible.
Generally well-defined as creating the methods of agriculture to be more precise across all areas,
precision agriculture, which combines data and analytics along with crop science to allow
scientific agriculture decisions, is becoming more and more common around the globe. Leveraging
technologies like GPS, weather data, soil sensors, as well as IoT used for decisions related to
fertilizer application, harvesting time and seed spacing, irrigation, precision farming leads
significant yield gains at the same time improving resource utilization in order to identify precise
applications of agricultural inputs. The precision farming marketplace, which is anticipated to
reach more than $10 billion US dollars in the year 2025 the same time a utilizing new method,
includes popular emerging technologies such as:
Robotics: Robots can take out everything from nursery replanting as well as crop seeding to
autonomous tractors which have the ability to identify and calculate the required application doses
for specific fields in need of agricultural inputs. Robotics will not only allow data production but
at the same time prevent crop loss, optimize efficiency, monitor ecosystems, and avoid pollution.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
209
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

Hydroponics: The understanding that nutritious water alone may be used to grow plants in a soil-
less medium-or water environment has resulted in new techniques of growing food in the indoor
environment.
Vertical farming: This practice of producing foods in the vertically loaded layers by the use of
hydroponics, enables the growth of certain plants within the facilities without requiring the use of
chemicals. Such facilities could also be monitored completely by robots.
Bio-Farming: A biological method to farming has been based on assessing the microbial life into
the soil and then again implementing the microbes, nutrients, and fertilizer tea, which the soil needs
to recover its balance. This can be achieved by using only chemical-free, organics inputs, and
natural, as well as for preventing monoculture on agricultural land.
THE USE OF NEW EMERGING AND BREAKTHROUGH
TECHNOLOGIES OF 4IR IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
The 4IR comprises a wide variety of innovative, developing and breakthrough technologies such
as a)Artificial Intelligence (AI) b)the Internet of Things (IoT) c)Big Data, d) Blockchain, e)and
Drones to name a few.
Example of IoT, AI and Big Data applications that run on farms are already available as well as
have been set to convert the agriculture by enabling intelligent and precise agriculture, which
produces higher productivity and profitability. IoT tools gather data that can assist farmers
effectively manage their farm's field sensors that are linked to the IoT will be able to record
information regarding soil humidity and nutritious levels, which will lead to improvements in
water consumption beginning with effective irrigation systems, determine custom fertilizer
mixtures based upon the soil profiles as well as determine the best time to plant and harvest.
Moreover, IoT sensors will be able to eliminate the requirement for manual surveillance in
greenhouses as the fully controlled atmosphere could be adjusted to alter temperature, moisture,
light levels and to carry out automatic irrigation. IoT applications may also be used to monitor the
condition, procreative cycle, and place of livestock.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
210
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

Similarly, Big Data as well as AI may be able to help farmers get access to complicated information
that could advise farming choices. AI raises the value of collected data by examining and
transforming it into information in order to support farm administration decision making. It can be
implemented at a variety of sizes ranging from converting data gathered on specific animals and
plants in accordance with the level of the whole farm by providing information for crop planning
and tracking. Big Data as well as AI offer agriculture increased allotment and procreation costs
through focus on distribution of inputs such as fertilizers and chemical applications.
Blockchain, on the other part, can enhance tracing, increase producers’ profits and safeguard
agreements and transactions in agriculture. It also has the ability to create economic incentives for
environmentally and economically advantageous production methods. In the instance of
establishing improved transparency in the agricultural distribution chains, a Blockchain can assist
in providing an absolute record (traceability) from within the origin to the retail outlet of a product.
Moreover, Blockchain can assist increase profits of makers in agriculture by offering improved
monitoring of their stockpiles and streamlining their food value chain, which leads to more revenue
for the farmers. A Blockchain through design in cryptographically is safe and can assist secure
agreements and transactions, specifically in land registering and agricultural insurance.
Drone technology supports several key applications for agricultural purposes, for example, the
crop scouting and surveillance, crop quantity and vigor assessments, precision spraying,
inspection, crop inventory, of farm infrastructure, creation of prescription maps, high-level
resolution mapping and analyzing of specific fields, crop damage evaluation and the insurance
claim forensic evidence. Through scanning a crop utilizing both visible and close to infrared light,
drone-carried devices might determine which plants reflect the different quantities of green light
as well as the near-infrared light. Such information may create multispectral images that track the
changes in plants and specify their health. Farmers could consequently examine crops for disease,
as well as in the event of destructive weather incidents, document losses more effectively and
efficiently for insurance claims. Drones may also be used to track livestock remotely and
potentially enhance profits through an appropriate time monitoring, denying the need for physical
checks.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
211
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

THE AGRICULTURAL SEGMENT HAS PROVEN TO BE SLOW TO
EXECUTE AND TO TAKE ADVANTAGE
In comparison with other industries, the agriculture sector has been to be slow to deploy and take
advantage of a wide range of technologies that are driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Divided rural markets, weak infrastructure, and heavy regulatory burdens have been raised
expenses for food systems, at the same time that income has been limited by the market dynamics
and the growing difference between commercial agriculture and little farm landlords.
MAXIMIZING THE USAGE OF 4th IR IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF
INDIA
Agriculture sector: Technological innovation has been utilized in several ways in the agricultural
sector in developed countries by increasing the use of technology and mechanization in production
to improve agricultural productivity direct input or by the use of ICT as a means to empower
agricultural producers to make informed decisions indirect involvement. Particular examples of
using ICT involve the use of smartphone mobile apps in the agricultural sector, the usage of
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for agriculture and fisheries or satellite technologies as
well as other agronomy sciences. that an increase in substantial agriculture and fishing outputs.
Customers and producers are also more and more aware and mindful of environmental issues, fair
trading, and the significance of agricultural biological products along with their particular
characteristics such as opposed to chemical products as well as mass production. The usage of ICT
in order to encourage these biological as well as organic products is frequently used for the sale
and promotes a high-quality product together with a wide variety of approaches including the
packaging, sizing, and prices.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY REVOLUTION 4 INTEGRATION ON THE
AGRICULTURAL LABOUR MARKET.
Industry 4.0 offers businesses huge innovative opportunities, innovative Agricultural production
materials, new agricultural processes, new production methods as well as improved efficiencies.
Transformation is not going to happen instantly but gradually. The consequences of Industry 4.0
on the Agricultural labour market is going to be very inconsistent. Hence, the effects of the
Industrial Revolution 4.0 will at first be steady but rise rapidly as an increased awareness of the
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
212
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

advantages and market forces bring hold. Industry 4.0 has been set to affect all interested parties
in the agricultural and Agri-manufacturing industry, involving the size, structure, and location of
the workforce. alterations in production will be accompanied by modifications to the agricultural
labour market. Currently, we are discussing overall trends in the labour market within the
framework of Industry 4.0. The requirement for low-qualified workers reduces. The effect of
automation will inevitably lead to a decrease in low-skilled positions, especially with regard to
Agri-manufacturing. The requirement for an upskilled workforce (software engineering, highly
skilled creative workforce) rise.
Automation, as well as robotization, will decrease middle-level management (replaced by
management software). There Is an Increase in a wide range of occupational fields and especially
in the service professions, most considerably in the ICT as well as scientific professions. New
employment opportunities will be generated by Industry 4.0. This is going to provoke powerful
demand for creating new occupations that combine mechanical engineering with the knowledge
of cybernetics, electronics, as well as informatics.
Integration Industry 4.0 result in changes in the structure labour force between different sectors.
We are able to anticipate a decline in the labour force in the production area and a rise in the labour
force in services. The conventional establishment of work will convert in accordance with the
impact of new processes which are more interlinked and continuous from a rigorous division
between professions. It is obvious that the character of jobs will shift in the future, as will the total
number of employment opportunities as well as their structure.
THE PRIORITY AREAS OF ACTION FOR INDIAN LABOUR MARKET
TO ADOPT THE 4th IR.
The 4th IR is at this juncture can not be avoided, however, the extent to which it enters various
sectors of the economy differs. At the Same Time, the effects on the jobs are hard to foresee,
certain components are crucial to carefully handle the whole process of transformation. By doing
this, obstacles to occupational, geographic location, and sector-specific mobility must be removed.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
213
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

SKILL LADDER TO BE IMPROVED
Gaining the appropriate skills to enhance the capacity to adapt to the necessity of the labour market
and propel the whole process of technological development ahead is crucial.
A mixture of equally technical skills (such as STEM) You may be aware that STEM is an
abbreviation for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. And core skills (critical
thinking, creativity, teamwork, communication, etc.) are required to best equip the workforce and
promote strength to the growing labour markets. Training, versatility, reskilling, lifelong
education, and training throughout the entire life cycle are all important in and out of employment.
Education as well as training systems should be prepared to build skills towards the future. In a
specific, collaboration between policymakers, business, and training providers are needed in order
to guarantee adequate supply with demand in the job market.
SECTORAL APPROACH TO EMPLOYMENT CREATION INCLUDING
INDUSTRIAL POLICIES
As India will be more and more testimony to the impact of technological transformation in the
working environment, the consequences will differ significantly between sectors. An efficient
strategy for development calls for growing sectors that generate more value-added as well as
employment, with huge multiplier impacts and upstream as well as downstream connections to the
domestic economy. The significance of industrial as well as other sector-specific strategies for
structural changes might be reaffirmed in light of the national, regional, as well as global
developments. The all-new economic expansion model would have to be, in order for it to be
comprehensive and sustainable, built across higher technological value-added as well as
productive sectors that foster quality employment as well as other qualitative dimensions of the
national economy.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LABOUR MARKET GOVERNANCE
India can progressively participate in global markets based on higher productivity and improved
working conditions. Although transforming the increase in productivity transformed in improved
wages and better living standards requires effective labor market societies, which contain the
following efficient legal protection of workers’ constitutional rights in various forms of
employment, Represent of worker's voice, as well as collective negotiations. Efficient industrial
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
214
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

relationships are key for achieving stability, efficiency, and fairness, which will guarantee
sustainable and inclusive growth.
ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY AND SOCIAL PROTECTION
Through faster changes under IR4.0, labourers who are more often shifting from one job to another
will have to be encouraged. Efficient functioning labour market policies which assist to link
individuals with jobs are essential to continually help labourers to build new skills ensure a
seamless transition from present job to the other offer skill training as well as unemployment
benefits throughout the differences between the jobs. Only with appropriate social protection,
comprising unemployment insurance, labourers can transition from lower to higher efficiency
sectors as well as jobs shall be enabled.
THE 4IR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN LABOUR SECTOR
The 4IR has the possibility to increase global revenue levels and enhance the quality of life for
people across the globe. Up to this point, the people who have earned the greatest benefit from it
have been customers able to pay for and gain access to the digital environment technology has
made it possible for new products and services which enhance the efficiency and satisfaction of
our private lives. In the near future, technological innovation will also result in a delivery-side
phenomenon, with long-term improvements in effectiveness and productivity. Transport and
communications expenses will decrease, logistics services and worldwide supply chains will
become increasingly effective, and the expense of trade will lessen, all of that will open up new
markets as well as stimulate economic growth.
Moreover, the revolution might yield greater disparity. especially in its possibility to interrupt labor
markets. As automation replacements for labor across the economy as a whole, the combined net
displacement of labourers by means of machines could worsen the divide between returns to
capital and then returns to labor. Furthermore, it is also likely that the movement of workers by
way of technology will, through aggregate, result in net growth in secure and rewarding job
opportunities. Technology is thus one of the major reasons why incomes get deteriorated, or
perhaps even decreased, for the vast majority of people in high-income countries: the increasing
demand for highly qualified workers has risen at the same time as the demand for employees with
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
215
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

less education as well as lower skills has diminished. The outcome is a job market with a powerful
demand on the high and low ends, although a hollowing out of the middle.
INDUSTRY 4.0 LIST OF OCCUPATIONS MOST LIKELY IMPACTED
Industry 4.0 has an impact on almost every industry. An economist estimates that 50 percent of
positions are at risk of automation. However, a few businesses may be more automated than robots
such as human employees, and there is a certain set of expertise. In the very near future, we expect
to see a decrease in the number of full-time employees in manufacturing and agricultural positions,
so many of those positions have already been gradually eliminated due to increased automation.
Robots are able to handle tasks within the factory more safely and efficiently. On top of the list
are the industries that are most vulnerable within the food cooking, cleaning sector, drivers,
construction sector, and agricultural sectors. In addition to manufacturing roles, the automated
system can also affect Postal, export, product delivery, as well as courier services and customer
service industry jobs.
THE IMPACTS OF 4th IR ON THE ECONOMY OF INDIA
The transformation of the whole systems of production, governance, as well as management the
4th IR provides a broad range of the challenges and opportunities in the job, along with both direct
and indirect effects on sectors throughout the economy of agriculture, industry, and services and
types of workers among them the most vulnerable categories youth, and women, etc.
Technological innovations may be supported by the structural change of the country's economy.
Move away from farming to the manufacturing as well as services sectors by helping to promote
the labour movement of workers in all sectors and occupations and or improving work by boosting
up workers from heavy duties.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
216
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

SUGGESTIONS
Considering the above we suggest how to solve the impact of 4IR digitalization of Agriculture
labourers.
The government should conduct an impact analysis of IR 4.0 digitalisation and its effect
on Agriculture labourers. New technologies should be registered, and especially damaging
technology prohibited. The government should put into effect programs that will re-educate
farmworkers, who should learn to use digital technology and empower themselves for
beneficial employment.
Associations must adapt to the evolving system. Labor unions have a duty to arrange for
rural communities, do research, and teach society regarding 4IR and keep the government
accountable for any and all activities harmful to the working class. Wide alliances between
trade unions, rural groups, and progressive NGOs are required.
Unions will no longer be able to afford to overlook the informal labour force. They
constitute an unreliable source of subscriptions as well as a support base, although this
change is essential in order to adapt to the evolving capitalist landscape as well as make
progress towards the long-term sustainability of the trade union.
CONCLUSION:
The Fourth Industrial Revolution alters the present Agri-labour market. Industry 4.0 will enhance
labour efficiency, although at the same time there are going to be significant job market changes,
particularly jobs with fewer skilled labourers will be in danger. Industry 4.0 is going to bring new
jobs through elevated skill prerequisites, particularly in the area of digital as well as information
technology. Incorporating Industry 4.0 for Agriculture and related businesses can involve
improving their manufacturing efficiency, decreasing raw material and energy costs, as well as
reducing transportation costs. Firms that have an established digital and online environment are
more ready for the introduction of Industry 4.0. Incorporation of Industry 4.0 will inevitably lead
to an increase in labour efficiency and Agricultural business accomplishment. Moreover, we will
not be able to eliminate the influence of the contradiction of effectiveness in the long term if not
the prospects of labour productivity increase are exaggerated.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
217
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

The Fourth IR offers opportunities for India to put into place methods that will enable for the
suitable agricultural answers to the revolution, consistent with global replies in this space. This
can be accomplished by employing a systematic approach to comprehend the current global trends
and value-chain structures and the establishment of an environment that is conducive to efficient
agricultural systems. Furthermore, the fourth IR might yield more inequality, especially in its
possibility to interrupt labor markets. As automation replaces labour throughout the entire
economy, the combined net displacement of labourers by machines could worsen the difference
between returns to the capital as well as returns to labor. Moreover, it is also probable that the
displacement of workers by way of technology is going to, in total, affect in a net increase in secure
and fulfilling jobs. The Fourth IR technology offers an opportunity to enhance agricultural
competitiveness as well as a chance to defeat the structural deficiencies of our existing agricultural
system as well as the limits of intensive farming. There are a few steps that we need to take to lead
the change. We have to analyze the effect of the 4th IR on our agricultural environment. It is
imperative to examine the impacts on every front of agriculture, the impacts on rural as well as
agricultural livelihood, as well as the impact on agricultural structure and work. We need to
consider managing data and its consequences. In the foreseeable future, the information will be a
resource, and data-quality is expected to be competitive. Data must be regulated so as to ensure
that high-value agricultural data could be constantly produced and administered. We need to
facilitate the building of an infrastructure that supports technology-centered agriculture. The 5G
communications network, an Internet-based networking infrastructure, as well as the Cloud-based
Service System should preserve backing for such technologies in order to enable them to
incorporate effortlessly into the agriculture industry. If research and development assists the
merger between varied technologies and varied industries as well as the agricultural industrial
environment enables the innovative skills to freely practice their capabilities, the Fourth IR can
happen. In this manner, Agricultural technology will increase to new levels and jump to new
opportunities.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
218
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020

REFERENCES:
[1] What Is the Fourth Industrial Revolution- DEC 20, 2018 BY DEVON MCGINNIS IN LEADERSHIP
INSIGHTS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE- Salesforce blog https://www.salesforce.com/
[2] The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Potential Applications in Agriculture in Africa- Feed the
Future – Agrilinks Teamy Dr. Mirjana Stankovic and Mr. Nick Neftenov, Tambourine Innovation
Ventures (TIV). Feb 26, 2020 - https://www.agrilinks.org/
[3] Is India ready for fourth Industrial Revolution (Part1)- Published on April 22, 2018 - Aynampudi.
Subbarao https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/india-ready-fourth-industrial-revolution-part1-aynampudi-
subbarao
[4] INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (IR) 4.0 IN VIET NAM: WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR THE
LABOUR MARKET- Vietnam Country Brief | May 2018 - ILO https://www.ilo.org
[5] The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond- 14 Jan 2016 -Klaus Schwab
Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum- https://www.weforum.org/
[6] AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MAY
21, 2018- Primal group. https://www.primalgroup.com/
[7] The future of the Western Cape agricultural sector in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution-
Synthesis report- Western Cape government- USB – University of Stellenbosch Business school.
http://ftp.elsenburg.com/
[8] How Will the Fourth Industrial Revolution Impact the Future of Work - CHANGE
https://www.changerecruitmentgroup.com/knowledge-centre/how-will-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-
impact-the-future-of-work
[9] The fourth industrial revolution in agriculture- by Sebastiaan Nijhuis and Iris Herrmann- TECH &
INNOVATION October 10, 2019 / Spring2020/Issue 98 https://www.strategy-business.com/article/The-
fourth-industrial-revolution-in-agriculture?gko=75733
About Author: A. SHAJI GEORGE M.A, M.B.A, MCA, MSc IT, MPhil, PhD.
Shaji George is a recognized technical expert in IT Infrastructure Systems, Network &
Telecommunication, having worked in almost every aspect of the IT Industry. His research
interests include Wireless, Networking, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Data Mining, Automation
systems, Microeconomics, Gig Economy, Industrial Revolution 4.0, and Labour Economics.
About Author: A.S. HOVAN GEORGE
Hovan George is a student. His research interests include Neurology, Virology, European History
and Literature.
https://doi.org/10.37896/sr7.6/024
219
ISSN: 0039-2049
http://stradresearch.org/
Strad Research
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, 2020