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Content uploaded by Santosh Kadam
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Santosh Kadam on Sep 01, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Greentree Group Publishers
Received 24/08/19 Accepted 30/09/19 Published 10/11/19
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Kadam and Pawar 2019 Greentree Group Publishers © IJAPC
Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2019 Vol. 11 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 26
[e ISSN 2350-0204]
Int J Ayu Pharm Chem
REVIEW ARTICLE www.ijapc.com
e-ISSN 2350-0204
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda has mentioned so many formulations on different diseases. Each formulation is
having Ras, Guna, Veerya and Vipaka as its properties. According to that properties, mode of
action of that particular formulation, can be determined in that particular disease. Trikatu is
one of them, it contains three herbal drugs i.e. Sunthi (Zinziber officinalis), Marich (Piper
nigram), and Pippali (Piper longum). It acts mainly on Shwas (Asthma), Prameha (Diabetes),
Twak roga (Skin diseases), Sleepad (Elephantitis), Medoroga (Obesity), and Pinas (Rhinitis).
Trikatu acts only in specific situation of dosha dominating. Also, Trikatu is adtableded in many
Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations in such a quantity that it will be sufficient to enhance the
bioavailability of the main ingredients of that formulation by acting through various
mechanisms.
KEYWORDS
Ayurvedic, Trikatu, Vyadhi avastha.
A Review of Trikatu in Different Vyadhi Avastha
Santosh T. Kadam1* and Ashalata D. Pawar2
1-2Department of Dravyaguna, R.A.Podar Medical College (Ayu), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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[e ISSN 2350-0204]
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda has mentioned lot of
formulations on different diseases. Every
formulation has Ras, Guna, Veerya and
vipaka as its properties. According, to its
property mode of action of that individual
formulation, is determined in this explicit
illness. Trikatu is present in each one of
them, it contains 3 medicines i.e. Sunthi
(Zinziber officinalis), Marich (Piper
nigram), and Pippali. It acts principally
on Shwas (Asthma), Prameha (Diabetes),
Twak roga (Skin diseases), Shleepad
(Elephantitis), Medoroga (Obesity),
Galaroga (throat infections) and Pinas
(Rhinitis).although this drug together act
on these diseases acts solely during a
specific scenario of dosha dominating.
typically it's not acting in this same
illness during a specific condition.
Pippali is well known for its
immunomodulatory action and
rejuvenating effect on the digestive and
respiratory system. Sunthi is one of the best
herbs which rejuvenate the whole body, this
is the reason it is also called as
Vishvabhaishjya which means the medicine
of the world. Maricha is said to have
Pramathi Guna i.e., it forcefully expels out
the toxins from the body. Hence, our
Acharyas incorporated Trikatu in numerous
yogas (formulations) keeping in view on its
multidimensional action. we have chosen
“Trikatu” as a part of the description since
it is well known and easy to study.
TRIKATU –
Trikatu is an Ayurvedic formulation
comprising of 1:1:1 ratio of Pippali (Piper
longum), Marich (dried fruits of Piper
nigrum), and Sunthi (dried rhizomes of
Zingiber officinale). These drugs together
are termed as “Trikatu” when taken in equal
proportion
Figure 1 Formulation of Trikatu churna
Table 1 Contents of Trikatu churna.
S.
No
Name
Botanical
name
Part
used
Quantity
1.
Pippali
Piper
longum
Linn.
Dried
Fruit
1 Part
2.
Marich
Piper
nigrum
Linn.
Dried
Fruit
1 Part
3.
Sunthi
Zingiber
officinale
Rosc.
Dried
Rhizom
e
1 Part
ÌmÉmmÉsÉÏ qÉËUcÉÇ zÉÑhPûÏ Ì§ÉÍpÉx§ÉÔwÉhÉqÉÑcrÉiÉå | ... zÉÉ.
xÉÇ. qÉ. 6/12
ÌmÉmmÉsÉÏ qÉËUcÉÇ zÉÑhPûÏ §ÉrÉqÉåiÉ̲ÍqÉ´ÉÏiÉqÉç |
̧ÉMüOÕû §rÉÔwÉhÉÇ urÉÉåwÉ MüOÒûqÉjÉÉåcrÉiÉå || ... rÉÉå. U.
Trikatu
Piper
longum
Piper
nigram
Zinziber
officinalis
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METHOD OF PREPARATION
Equal quantities of all the three drugs, dried
fruits of Piper longum Linn. (Long Pepper),
Piper nigrum (Black Pepper), and dried
rhizomes of Zingiber officinale are finely
powdered separately in a mortar pestle or
grinder. The fine powders of individual
herbs are weighed in equal quantities and
mixed properly. This mixture of powders is
then sieved through sieve no. 80 to get an
extra fine powder which has more
therapeutic value due to more surface area.
Dosage
Ayurvedic texts prescribe 1–3 g of Trikatu
churna to be consumed with honey to mask
the bitter taste or warm water for maximum
therapeutic benefits.
The Action of Trikatu on Dosha- Dhatu-
Mala =
Action on Dosha = Vata – Anulomana
(pacifies)
Pitta – Vardhana (increases)
Kapha – Nashana (destroys)
More useful where Kapha vitiation
involves Jala mahabhut (water element).
Action on Dhatu – It is a best deepan drug
in rasa-rakta-meda dhatu where kapha is
dominant. It performs the action of
dhatvagni deepana ( digestive fire
increases). Rasa-meda-majja-shukra dhatu
nashana (decreases). It does not have any
action on Asthi dhatu.
Action on Mala – Sweda, mutra and purish
all mala are decreased by Trikatu action.
Gamitva – Raktagami.
Action on Organs – Liver, Spleen, Lungs.
Because all these three have their origin
from Rakta dhatu. Their Panchabhautika
formation is similar.
Avastha/ stage – Mandagni – Shreshtha
(best)
Tikshagni – contraindicated
Vishamagni – to be administered along with
Sneha
Samagni – not to be used daily.
Classical references of Action of Trikatu
=
SÏmÉlÉ zsÉåwqÉqÉåSÉåblÉÇ MÑü¸mÉÏlÉxÉlÉÉzÉlÉqÉç |
eÉrÉåSUÉåcÉMü xÉÉqÉÇ qÉåWûaÉÑsqÉaÉsÉÉqÉrÉÉlÉç ||
§rÉÔwÉhÉÇ SÏmÉlÉÇ WûÎliÉ µÉÉxÉMüÉxÉiuÉaÉÉqÉrÉÉlÉç |
aÉÑsqÉqÉåWû MüTüxjÉÉæsrÉ qÉåSzsÉÏmÉS mÉÏlÉxÉÉlÉ ||
...zÉÉ.xÉÇ. 6/12
In the above reference, the action of Trikatu
as per classical literature is enlisted. Even
so, it is essential to decide where Trikatu is
to be used and where it should be avoided.
Hence, the stage of the disease should be
finalized before administering Trikatu.
Table 2 Properties of Trikatu Churna
Name
Synonyms
Pharmacological
properties
Therapeutic
action
Formulation
PIPPALI
Kana,
Rasa-katu.
Used in toothache,
Trikatu churna,
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Krushna,
Kala,
Tikshna,
Tandula
Vipaka-madhura
Virya-ushna
Guna-laghu
asthma, cholera,
indigestion,
stomachache,
fever etc.
guda pippali
ADRAKA/
SUNTHI
Nagara,
Vishwa,
vishwabheshaj
a,
katubhadra
Rasa – katu.
Vipaka- madhur.
Virya- ushna
Guna – laghu.
Dosha karma- kapha-
vata shamak.
Abdominal pain,
Anorexia,
Indigestion, Oedema,
Arthritis, Colitis
Panchaka
Churna,
Samasarkara
Churna
MARICH
Ushana,
Dhanvantari,
Dharmapattan
a,
Vellaja
Rasa –katu
Vipaka-katu
Virya –ushna
Guna–tikshna
,laghu.
Dosha karma-
Kapha-vatahara
Appetizer,
Carminative
and
Antimicrobial
Trikatu churna,
Marichadi
taila,
Talisadi churna
Table 3 Ayurvedic formulations containing Trikatu
S. No.
Formulation
Indication
1.
bheshajakalpand
Gulma, Indigestion, Visuchika
2.
Vyoshadi gutika
Chronic sinusitis, cough
3.
Vasavyagriharitaki
Kasa (Cough) and pratishyaya (Rhinitis)
4.
Arkadi kwatha churna
Pinas (Cold), kasa (cough)
5.
Avipattikar churna
Amlapitta
6.
Chandraprabha vati
Disease of genito-urinary system
7.
Astangavleha
kasa (cough) and Shwas (Asthma)
8.
Shrugyadi churna
Asthma, cough
9.
Vadavanal churna
Gulma, indigestion
10.
Bhasker lavan
Gulma, indigestion
11.
Kankayan gutika
Gulma , Abdominal pain
12.
Eranda paka
Shoth (Edema), Mutrakruchh (Urinary system problem)
13.
Panchnimba churna
Twak vikara (Skin diseases)
14.
Haridra khand
Urticaria, Skin diseases
15.
Puga khanda
Agnimandya (Dyspepsia) , Arsha (Bleeding haemorrhoids)
16.
Chitrakadi gutika
Grahani, Gulma, Abdominal pain
17.
Sarasvata churna
Apsmar (Epilepsy)
18.
Punarnava gugglu
Vatrakta (Gout) and Scrotal swelling
19.
Ashwagandhadi churna
Tridosha vyadhi
20.
Yogaraj guggulu
Vatavyadhi
21.
Dadimashtaka churna
Malabsorption syndrome
22.
Kaishor guggulu
Kushth, Vatarakta, Diabetes
23.
Gokshuradi guggulu
Dysuria, suppression of urine
24.
Kanchnar guggulu
Goiture, cervical adenitis
25.
Vyaghri tail
Nasal disorders
26.
kumariasav
Hepatic disorder, loss of apetite
27.
ashwagandharishta
Vatavyadhi, epilepsy, mental disordes
28.
amrutarishta
Chronic fever, diabetes, hepatic disorders
So, we will discuss Trikatu based on the
following disease – Shwas, Kasa, Prameha,
Twak rog, Shleepad, Medrog, Pinas. Ugar,
galaroga, Gulma.
Shwas (difficulty in breathing) =
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Samprapti – MüTüÉåmÉÂkSaÉqÉlÉ:
mÉuÉlÉÉåÌuÉwuÉaÉÉÎxjÉiÉ: |
mÉëÉhÉÉåSMüɳÉuÉÉWûÏÌlÉ SÒ¹:x§ÉÉåiÉÉÇÍxÉ SÕwÉrÉlÉç ||
EUxjÉ: MÑüÂiÉå µÉÉxÉqÉÉqÉÉzÉrÉ xÉqÉÑ°uÉqÉç || ..qÉÉ.ÌlÉ.
µÉÉxÉ.UÉåaÉ.
Shwas, being a Kapha dominant disease,
Trikatu is mainly used in it. Among the five
types of Shwas mentioned Tamaka-shwas
being kapha dominant (tamakstu
kaphadhika:| ma.ni.).
Tamaka-shwas (Asthma) being Kapha
dominant, it causes a blockage in the
movement of Prana and Udana vayu thus
affecting inhalation and exhalation. In this,
disease the vitiation of kapha is due to the
increase in the guru, mand, sheet, Snigdha,
drava characteristics. All food and
activities involving the above
characteristics lead to the continuation of
the disease.
Trikatu is useful in asthma, breathing
problems and because of Trikatu’s hot
potency, it balances Kapha and Vata
doshas. The three ingredients of Trikatu are
Kaphanashana (decreases kapha dosha)
and expectorant. This makes trikatu
effective against respiratory infection.
In Chhinna Shwas and Mahashwas Trikatu
is contraindicated. Because Chhinna shwas
is a vayu dominant type thus use of Trikatu
yields no results. In Mahashwas, Prana
vayu vitiated symptoms seen, thus Trikatu
use is contraindicated. Whereas Trikatu can
be given in Urdhwa shwas only in the acute
stage.
Kasa ( Cough) =
Samprapti – mÉëÉhÉÉå ½ÑSÉlÉÑaÉiÉ: mÉëSÒ¹: xÉÇ
ÍpɳÉMüÉxrÉ xuÉlÉiÉÑsÉÉbÉÉåwÉ: |
ÌlÉUåÌiÉ uÉ¢üÉixÉWûxÉÉ xÉSÉåwÉÉå qÉÌlÉÌwÉÍpÉ: MüÉxÉ CÌiÉ
mÉëÌS¹: || ..qÉÉ.ÌlÉ.
Symptoms of Kaphaj kasa –
Angagaurav (heaviness in body) and
angamard (body ache) symptoms in kasa
are due to Kaphavruta-vyan. And so in
Kasa, dysfunctioning is seen in organs like
heart, lungs. This is due to Guru guna of
vitiated kapha dosha. Hence, Trikatu is
useful in this case due to its Laghu guna.
Aruchi (Anorexia) symptom seen due to
Kaphavrut-prana, rasadushti. So, Trikatu
being Kaphghna (decreasing kapha) is
used. Kandu (Itching) symptom is due to
the localized accumulation of Kapha which
is caused due to restriction of movement of
vata by vitiated kapha. Here, Trikatu used
for Kapha lekhana (scrapping kapha).
Trikatu is to be used in nutan kasa (newly
diagnosed cough). It should not be given in
chronic kasa. It is contraindicated in all
stages of Pitta and pittaj kasa. It is
contraindicated in Kshataj and kshayaj
kasa. Also, contraindicated in shushka kasa
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(dry cough) and ‘kshin balasvar-udana
vayu kshinavstha’ condition.
The vitiation is due to guru, pichhil and shit
characteristics and hence Trikatu is given.
Prameha (Diabetes)=
qÉåS¶É qÉÉÇxÉÇ cÉ zÉËUUeÉÇ cÉ YsÉåSÇ MüTüÉå oÉÎxiÉaÉiÉÇ
mÉëSÒwrÉ |
MüUÉåÌiÉ qÉåWûÉlÉç xÉqÉÑSÏhÉïqÉÑwhÉæxiÉÉlÉåuÉ ÌmɨÉÇ mÉËUSÒwrÉ
cÉÉÌmÉ ||
¤ÉÏhÉåwÉÑ SÉåwÉåwuÉuÉM×üwrÉ oÉxiÉÉæ kÉÉiÉÑlÉç mÉëqÉåWûÉlÉÌlÉsÉ:
MüUÉåÌiÉ |
SÉåwÉÉåÌWû oÉÎxiÉÇ xÉqÉÑmÉåirÉ qÉѧÉÇ xÉlSÒwrÉ
qÉåWûÉleÉlÉrÉå±jÉÉxuÉqÉç || ..cÉ. ÍcÉ. 6
Due to etiological factors vitiated kapha
reaches out to various dooshyas like rasa
(plasma), rakta (blood), mamsa (muscles),
meda (fat), lasika (lymph), vasa (lipids),
and majja (bone marrow). Dooshyas (Body
fluids) which got vitiated draw them to the
urinary bladder and produces prameha.
Prameha chikitsa (treatment) is classified
as Santarpanjanya and Apatarpanajanya.
Prameha being a generalized disease, it
affects rasa (plasma), rakta (blood), mamsa
(muscles), meda (fat), lasika (lymph), vasa
(lipids), and majja (bone marrow). Trikatu
acts better when the vitiation of rasa, rakta
and meda dhatu is more due to its ras,
vipaka, veerya and guna.
Trikatu being ruksha guna is
contraindicated in apatarpanajanya
prameha (caused by loss of dhatu from
body) and is used in santarpanajanya
prameha (caused by overeating).
Trikatu is specifically useful in Kapha
dominant stage of santarpana prameha.
Even on that, it is of more therapeutic
importance Kapahavruta vyan and
Kaphavrut udana.
Prabhootha mutrata (Poly uria), Avila
mutrata (Turbid Urine) and Medo dushti
lakshanas are the main symptoms of
prameha. Avilata (turbidity) is related to the
colour of the urine. When there is an
increase in guru guna of urine, turbidity in
urine is seen. Increased frequency of
urination in prameha is due to specific
increase in drava and snigdha guna. And
so, by default chalatva and shitatva
increases. Due to raise in these gunas,
increased urination is seen.
Trikatu possess the opposite gunas and
hence useful. Along with this, to increase
rukshata the quantity of shunti should be
taken less and pippali should be taken in
higher quantity for quick and increased
relief in prameha. Trikatu with vanga (tin)
mixture is very useful for increasing
Rukshata in prameha.
Medorog (obesity) =
Increased sweating (perspiration),
daurgandhya (unpleasant smell), shortness
of breath are symptoms seen in medorog.
Hence, for meda lekhana ( fat scrapping),
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Trikatu is used since it contains absolute
opposite properties and also Stimulates
metabolism, better digestion of fats, protein
& thus helps to reduce obesity. It also
stimulates the stomach to produce different
enzymes. Hence it helps indigestion .It is
useful in improving digestive fire and
promotes the proper breakdown of food and
it also increases appetite.
Shleepad (elephantitis) =
In shleepad, localized prithvi mahabhut
(earth element) dominant Kapha
accumulation and obstruction of lymph
vessels are present. Shleepad is of two types
viz. Uttan and Gambhir.
In kaphaj shleepad, Trikatu churna is very
useful. Trikatu is contraindicated in the
presence of Prithvi mahabhut (earth
element) dominant symptoms.
Twak vikar (Skin diseases) =
Trikatu is useful in prithvi mahabhut (earth
element) dominant Kaphaj Kushtha.
Kshudra-kushtha includes vicharchika,
pama etc. In these diseases, there is an
increase in drava, Snigdha, guru, sthir,
mand, shit guna. Trikatu has opposite
actions as compared to the above-
mentioned guna. Trikatu, when used as a
local application by rubbing on the affected
surface yields good results.
Intake of Trikatu together with Haritaki
(Terminalia chebula L.), Jaggery and Til
tail (sesame oil) for 1-month cures skin
diseases.
Pinas (rhinitis) =
Pinas is primarily due to sama vayu, sama
kapha and pranavrut udana. In pinas, when
kaphaj nasanaha (nose block) is present,
Trikatu is useful for chhedan (excision) of
sama kapha.
In pinas, kleda (waste) gets accumulated in
the nasal track. Here, there is vitiation of
Pichhil, Snigdha, Sandra guna of kapha.
Trikatu possessing opposite attributes is
useful in this case.
Anosmia is due to kaphavrut prana, in this,
Trikatu does the lekhan (scrapping) of
kapha.
In Amavastha stage, shirogaurav
(heaviness of head) , aruchi (anorexia),
nasastrava (secretions from nose) and
lalastrava (salivation) are seen. This is due
to prithvi mahabhut (earth element)
dominant sama kapha. Trikatu is useful in
kapha dominant vikruti as absorbent but, is
contraindicated in thin watery secretions
seen in vataj vikruti.
Udara (Ascites) =
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal
enlargement. Treatment of Udara (Ascites)
depends on its underlying cause.
In Kaphaj udara, sneharahit takra (fat-free
buttermilk) added with Yavani
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(Trachyspermum ammi), Rock salt, cumin
seeds (Cuminum cyminum) and Trikatu is
administered.
In pittaja udara, Takra (buttermilk) along
with Trikatu churna is used.
In sannipatika udara (Ascites due to all
three doshas), Takra (buttermilk) along
with Trikatu churna, Yavakshara
(Hordeum vulgare) and rock salt is given.
Gulma: Trikatu churna pacifies vitiated
vata dosha which is the main reason for
Gulma (abdominal tumour), bloating. In
pittaj
Galaroga: Trikatu pacifies aggravated
kapha in the respiratory tract. Hence, useful
in Galaroga (throat infection) and diseases.
CONCLUSION
In Ayurveda, Trikatu is known as Heating
Formulation. Its hot potency promotes
jatharagni (digestive fire) which improves
the digestion and metabolism. Trikatu
enhances bioavailability. Pippali is well
known for its immunomodulatory action
and rejuvenating effect on the digestive and
respiratory system. Sunthi is one of the best
herbs which rejuvenate the whole body, this
is the reason it is also called as
Vishvabhaishjya which means the medicine
of the world. Maricha is said to have
Pramathi Guna i.e., it forcefully expels out
the toxins from the body. Hence, Our
Acharyas incorporated Trikatu in numerous
yogas (formulations) keeping in view on its
multidimensional action.
When there is Kapha dominance due to
jaliya mahabhut (water element), Trikatu is
used as per season and time. Trikatu has
excellent action on Jala mahabhut (water
element) dominant diseases of liver, spleen
and lungs. It has effective results in
respiratory problems due to bronchodilator
properties. The three ingredients are
warming and expectorant. This makes
trikatu effective against respiratory
infection. It also stimulates the stomach to
produce various enzymes. Hence it helps in
digestion and also in improving digestive
fire. Hence, It is recommended for poor
digestion and poor appetite. It is also used
to lower the cholesterol and triglycerides
which is helpful in healthy heart. Trikatu
churna also has detoxifying properties. It is
very useful in joints pain and stiffness in
case of gout.
Apart from traditionally known health
benefits Trikatu also possesses
antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity,
antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity,
nephroprotective activity, hepatoprotective
activity, Antihelmintic activity, larvicidal
activity, analgesic activity, anti-
inflammatory activity and
immunomodulatory activities.
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Caution - Trikatu is contraindicated in
apatarpanjanya diseases. However,
Trikatu churna in higher doses can cause
some unwanted effects like a burning
sensation, worsen gastritis etc.
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