ArticlePDF Available

Abstract

One of the biggest challenge in the world right now is to control the emission of carbon-dioxide (CO2) gas to reduce the greenhouse effect. Vehicles that are used in the transport sector are responsible to increase the level of CO2 in the atmosphere. Restriction can be applied for private vehicle users to limit the usage of CO2 gas in the society. Internet of Things (IoT) devices specially different sensors can be used to collect the usage of CO2 gas from the vehicles of a particular user. Additionally, Mobile edge computing (MEC) server can be helpful to process the collected data. This paper briefly explains the impact of increasing CO2 gas in the environment and propose a secure scheme using recent technologies that can help to reduce the CO2 gas emission rate. Finally, blockchain technology is endorsed to build a secure system to protect it against the attacks (i.e., cyber threats and data integrity) and any kind of third-party interaction.
w
w
w
. Introduction
. Proposed Methodology
. Result Analysis
. Conclusion and Future Work
References
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Full-text available
In this study, we present a new scheme for smart education utilizing the concept of a blockchain for question sharing. A two-phase encryption technique for encrypting question papers (QSPs) is proposed. In the first phase, QSPs are encrypted using a timestamp, and in the second phase, previously encrypted QSPs are encrypted again using a timestamp, salt hash, and hash from the previous QSPs. These encrypted QSPs are stored in a blockchain along with a smart contract that helps the user to unlock the selected QSP. An algorithm is also proposed for selecting a QSP for the exam that randomly picks a QSP. Moreover, a timestamp-based lock is imposed on the scheme so that no one can decrypt the QSP before the allowed time. Security analysis is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme against different attacks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through implementation, and the superiority of the proposed scheme over existing schemes is proven through a comparative study based on different features.
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents a blockchain enabled secure data acquisition scheme utilizing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm where data are collected from internet of things (IoT) devices and subsequently, forwarded to the nearest server through the UAV swarm. Before initiating data acquisition, the UAV swarm shares a shared key with IoT devices in order to maintain communications. However, prior to transmitting data, IoT devices encrypt the data and forward it to the UAV swarm. Upon receiving the data, the UAV swarm implements a two-phase validation utilizing the π-hash bloom filter and the digital signature algorithm to validate the sender; in addition, prior to forwarding data to the nearest server, it performs encryption. However, before adding data in blockchain, consent from all validators is required. Finally, the data are stored in blockchain with the approval of validators. A security analysis is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is manifested through implementation and simulation. The security analysis and the performance results show that UAV assist IoT devices both in terms of connectivity and energy consumption, and provides security against the threats mentioned in the paper.
Article
Full-text available
A major concern in modern explosive development of information and communication technology, especially in wired networking is to reduce of unnecessary energy consumption. It is needed because of expected environmental impact and potential economic benefits. These issues are usually referred as “Green networking”. It is related to increase the awareness of energy consuming in routing protocols, in the devices, including the structure of the whole networking system. Here different issues will be described which is topically related and the possible impact in green networking field. Also, special attention will be monitored in the routing protocol and algorithm especially link state routing protocol which is generally used for calculating the shortest path. This research paper tries to find out a new technique or modified routing technique that will be more effective for every router in terms of energy efficiency.
Article
This paper introduces a blockchain-based secure healthcare scheme in which health data (HD) are collected from users via an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and stored on the nearest server. In the proposed scheme, a UAV first establishes a relation with body sensor hives (BSHs) via a token and then shares a shared key with BSHs to enable low-power secure communication. After retrieving the HD, the UAV decrypts the encrypted HD (encrypted by a BSH) using the shared key and exercises a two-phase authentication mechanism. Upon successful validation, the UAV transmits the HD to the nearest server to store it securely in blockchain. A security analysis is discussed to show the feasibility of the proposed secure healthcare scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is investigated through simulation and implementation. The security and the performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme supports better assistance to BSHs while maintaining security.
Conference Paper
Trespassing in the marine area is a very critical issue. As a result, countries are losing revenue as well as it's a threat against the sovereignty of the country. As sea area is large, it's not always possible to monitor every part in real-time. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a promising technology that can assist to alleviate this issue. However, communication between the control center and a UAV encircles with cyber threats as well as data in the surveillance may experience unauthorised modification. This paper represents a blockchain-empowered smart surveillance architecture in which UAV performs surveillance and uses a two-phase authentication process to verify the marine vehicles. The experimental result manifests that the proposed scheme is faster and consumes less energy than the existing authentication algorithms.
Article
Internet of things (IoT), mobile edge computing (MEC), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) have attracted significant attention in both industry and academic research. By consolidating these technologies, IoT can be facilitated with improved connectivity, better data transmission, energy saving, and other advantages. However, the communication between these entities is subject to potential cyber threats. In addition, the integrity of the data must be maintained after storing into local storage. Blockchain is a data structure that supports features like pseudonymity, data integrity etc. This paper represents a blockchain based data acquisition process in which information is gathered from IoTs using UAV as a relay and is securely kept in blockchain at MEC server. In the proposed scheme, data are encrypted prior to transfer to MEC server with the assistance of a UAV. Upon receiving the data, MEC server validates the data and the identity of the sender. Successful validation is followed by stocking of the data into blockchain, subsequent to obtaining consent from the validators. Security analysis is conducted in order to show the feasibility of the proposed secure scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed via simulation and implementation.
Conference Paper
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an emerging technology that becomes popular not only in military operation but also in civil applications. Internet of things (IoT) is another popular technology which brings automation in our daily life. Like other areas, IoT also exposes its potential in healthcare. Using IoT sensors, it becomes easy to monitor the health of a user remotely. UAV consolidated with mobile edge computing (MEC) can provide real-time services in outdoor health monitoring. However, communication among them surrounds with cyber threats and data integrity issue. Blockchain is a data structure in which data are shared among peers. In this paper, a blockchain based secure outdoor health monitoring scheme using UAV is proposed for a smart city. In the proposed scheme, health data (HD) are accumulated from users wearable sensors and these HD are transmitted to the nearest MEC server via UAV. Prior to transmitting to MEC, HD experience encryption in order to provide protection against cyber threats. Moreover, after arriving at MEC, HD are diagnosed and if any abnormalities are found in the user’s health, MEC server notifies the user and the nearest hospitals. When the processing is completed, HD are stored in blockchain with the consent of validators. Finally, simulation results and experimental set up are discussed in order to manifest the feasibility of the proposed scheme.