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Morphologic features of the Crimean species of Iris pumila L. and its potential use in ornamental horticulture
Modern collections of flower-ornamental crops of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG) are formed as a result of long-term introduction and breeding researches begun, respectively, for Rosa L. in 1812 and 1824., for Syringa L. in 1813 and 1941, for Iris × hybrida hort. in 1812 and 1986, for Hemerocallis × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1995, for Clematis L. in 1817 and 1953, for Tulipa L. in 1812 and 1960, for Canna × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1948, for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. in 1812 and 1939. Each collection currently includes cultivars of both foreign and domestic selection, including those created in the NBG. The total amount of the collections is 2406 species, cultivars and forms. The collections of roses, clematises, cannas and chrysanthemums are the largest in the Russian Federation. The Rosa collection includes 35 garden groups from 36 existing ones, Syringa – 6 from 7 groups of flower coloring, Iris – all 6 existing garden groups, Clematis – 14 garden groups, Tulipa – 14 garden classes from 15, Canna – both existing garden groups, Chrysanthemum – all 11 classes of this crop. Thus, the formed collections quite fully reflect the created varietal diversity of each of these crops and provide a full material for further breeding and identification of adapted assortment for landscaping in the South of Russia.
The function of flowers, as the reproductive organs of plants, can be altered by changes in the size and shape of their constituent parts in traffic-related air polluted areas. The aim of this work was to compare the length, width, centroid size and shape (using a set of shape variables - partal warps) of Iris pumila standards (petals) from an urban area of Belgrade city with data from the Deliblato Sands – an unpolluted nature reserve. Differences between the areas, as well as differences in clonal variability, for length, centroid size (ANOVA p < 0.001) and shape variation of standards were significant (MANOVA p < 0.001). Micro-environmental conditions induced significant diversity between flowers within a clone (p < 0.001), while intra-individual variation (part effects, p > 0.05) was not confirmed. Decrease of standard length and centroid size in the polluted environment was detected, as well as a change in the shape of this I. pumila flower part. The standards were shorter and wider in the polluted area when compared to those in the unpolluted environment.
Previous studies revealed significant phenotypic plasticity and between-population differentiation in flower morphometric traits of Iris pumila in response to environmental variability between natural shade and exposed habitats. Since these habitats differed in flowering times as well, in this work we investigated at which stages of flower bud development differences between open and shaded habitats start to appear. Our analysis detected several groups of trait development patterns through the I. pumila bud development in two contrasting habitats, with stem length being the most suitable trait for application in further analyses of so-called “shade avoidance syndrome”.
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