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Marriage is an important institution and the basis of family. The happy and satisfied couples constitute meaningful
and mutually satisfying relationship which contributes to Quality of Life. For satisfying this marital satisfaction
plays important role. The present study attempts to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and
quality of life in relation to love matched marriage and arranged marriage couples. A sample of 120 couples (25-40
years) is selected using purposive sampling method. Marital Satisfaction Scale by Fincham and Bradbury Quality
of Life by Robin Cohen and Balfour Mount was used to measure marital satisfaction and quality of life among love
matched marriage couples and arranged marriage couples. Statistical analysis was done using t-test, Correlation.
Results reveal that Love matched female's shows higher marital satisfaction and quality of life as compared to
arranged marriage females. No such difference exists among males of love matched and arranged marriages. Male's
shows higher marital satisfaction as compared to females among arranged marriage couples but no such significant
difference was found among males and females of love matched couples. Among love matched marriages females
quality of life is higher than that of males. No such gender difference was found among arranged marriage. Negative
relationship exists between quality of life and marital satisfaction. Among arranged marital couples especially
male's shows negative relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. But females show positive
relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. Among love matched couples especially females show
negative relationship between quality of life and marital satisfaction. But no such significant relationship was
present among males who had love marriage.
Keywords: marital satisfaction and quality of life, love matched marriages, arranged marriages, couples
marriage system. For them marriage is a system of completions of a
Marriage is an important institution and the basis of family. Marriage
girl's and boy's mind fillings to each other. They provide value of
is perceived by sociologists as a system of roles of a man and a
love marriage and offer freedom of their child to choose their life
woman whose union has been given social sanction as husband and
partner. Such marriages are often referred as love matched
wife. People get married for specific purposes such as finding
marriages where first contact with prospective spouses does not
meaning in life and loving for a better quality of marital life. It is
involve the parents or family members.
worth noting that continuation of marriage may depend on factors
like marital relationship; because matrimony is more successful Studies suggest that people tend to be both healthier and happier
when spouses establish a sense of satisfaction with each other when they are married (Gottman, 1994; Orbuch & Custer, 1995;
(Kalantarkousheh & Hassan, 2010; Lucas et al., 2008). White, 1994). On marriage and family relationships the most
frequently studied aspect in research is that of satisfaction, or what
Buss et al. (1990) noted that in countries where more traditional
helps people maintain happiness in their marriages (Heyman,
values are the norm, such as China, India, and Iran, men place a high
Sayers, & Bellack, 1994; Larson et al., 1995). Marital satisfaction
value on women's chastity, their desire for home and children, and
means comparison between expectations of spouses in experiencing
their abilities as cook and homemaker. In these same societies,
life (Madanes, 1981). Baumeinster (2007) defines marital
women value men with ambition, with good financial prospects, and
satisfaction is a mental state that reflects the perceived benefits and
men who hold favourable social status.
costs of marriage to a particular person. The more costs a marriage
In the Indian classical myths, we find that marriage is a sacred
partner inflicts on a person, the less satisfied one generally is with
relationship between two individuals. The relationship between
the marriage and with the marriage partner. Similarly, the greater the
couples is essentially a relationship of the souls. But in modern
perceived benefits are, the more satisfied one is with the marriage
society marriages and weddings in India is very different from what it
and with the marriage partner. Marital satisfaction is a
was years ago. In modern Indian society marriage is generally
multidimensional concept including psychological, socioeconomic
divided into two kinds-arranged marriage and love marriage.
and spiritual sub scales. Thus satisfying marital relationship may be
Indian society from the historical Vedic era arranged marriages
highly varied and may depend on a unique set of culturally enforced
were normal and it is still viewed in maximum Indian families. In
norms, obligations, and values (Lucas et al., 2008; Wang, 1994).
such marriages parents take an important role for marriage of son or
Quality of life is a sense of well being that is arises from the
daughter. They choose prospective bride or groom for their son or
satisfaction or dissatisfaction in various important aspects of life
daughter to marry. Some people hold opposite views from this
(Sammarco, 2001). Quality of life is a complex concept that is
related to physical health, psychological status, level of
independence, social relations, personal beliefs, and environmental
factors (Makvandi & Zamani, 2012). It is also affected by age,
Correspondence should be sent to
E-mail: lnbunker63@yahoo.in
Dr. L. N. Bunker
Department of Psychology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur
© 2017 Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare
ISSN-2347-3797
Quality of life and marital satisfaction in relation to love
matched marriage and arranged marriage couples
L. N. Bunker and Vishnu Narayan Kucheria
Department of Psychology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences
Review, 2017, 5(1), 01-06
culture, sex, education level, social status, disease, and social Method
environment (King & Hinds, 2012).
Participants
Findings of Gameiro et al. (2011) showed that there is significant
positive correlation between marital satisfaction and quality of life For the present study a sample of 120 couples was selected using
and the promotion of quality of life causes the increase in all aspects purposive sampling method within age group of 25 to 40 years.
of marital satisfaction (Pereira et al., 2011; Gameiro et al., 2011). Among them 60 were love matched marriage couples and 60 were
Banaian et al. (2006) in a study showed that there is significant arranged marriage couples.
relationship between marital satisfaction and psychological health in Variable
women and the women with high psychological well-being has Independent variables were arranged marriages and love matched
better marital satisfaction. Depressed mood, loss of energy, a sense of marriages and dependent variables were marital satisfaction and
lack of pleasure in life activities and consequently; decline in quality of life.
individual and social function in marriage were manifested as
relational and marriage problems (Banaian et al., 2006). Instruments
Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS) by Fincham, and Bradbury in
Problem
1987. The scale is comprised of two parts. The first part contains 92
The present study attempts to investigates the quality of life and items related to the sub-dimensions of the marital satisfaction. On
marital satisfaction among love matched marriage and arranged the other hand, the second part of the scale dealing with the effect of
marriage couples. “understanding of parenting” on the marital satisfaction includes 9
items to be responded by individuals with children. The first sub-
Objectives of the study
dimension of the scale assesses the “marital harmony” which is
The study aims to find answer of following questions: comprised of the “relationship happiness”, “conflict” and
● Is there any difference between the level of marital satisfaction “closeness” sub-scales. Other sub-dimensions are “anger”,
among arranged marriage individuals and love matched “communica tion with the spouse's family “, “economic
individuals? understanding”, and “understanding of parenting”. The item total,
● Is there any difference between the quality of life among arranged item remaining and discriminant analysis of the scale, the results
marriage individuals and love matched individuals? were found to be significant at the level of p.001.Through Cronbach
● Is there any gender differences in the experiences of marital α, Spearman Brown and Guttmann Split-Half techniques, reliability
satisfactions among Love married and arranged marriage values between r=.93 and .97 were found. The reliability values of
couples? the part of the scale administered to people with children about
“understanding of parenting” was found to be between r=.81 and .86.
● Is there any gender differences in the quality of life among Love
married and arranged marriage couples? The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire: (MQOL) was developed
by Robin Cohen and Balfour Mount. It includes 17 questions 17
● How quality of life contributes towards marital satisfaction of
items scored on a numerical rating scale 0-10. 1 question concerning
married couples?
general quality of life,4 questions concerning physical symptoms or
● How quality of life contributes towards marital satisfaction of
problems, 3 questions concerning physical symptoms and their
arranged marriage couples?
intensity, 1 question concerning physical well-being, 4 questions
● How quality of life contributes towards marital satisfaction of love
concerning psychosocial problems, 6 questions concerning
matched and couples?
existential well-being 2 questions concerning support.
Hypothesis of the study Statistical analysis
Based on the review of literature it is hypothesized that:
t-test was applied to find the difference in the means of arranged
H01: No significant difference exists between the level of marital marriage couples and love matched couples on the scores of marital
satisfaction of arranged marriage couples and love matched couples. satisfaction and quality of life. Pearson 'r' correlation was calculated
H02: No significant difference exists between the quality of life to the relationship between the scores of Quality of life and marital
among arranged marriage couples and love matched couples. satisfaction. For this purpose SPSS Version 22 was used.
H03: Quality of Life shows positive relationship with marital
satisfaction. Results and interpretation
Individuals Marriage Type N Mean Std. Deviation df t value
Males Arranged Marriage 60 99.80 22.189 118 .70
Love Matched 60 97.60 9.551
Females Arranged Marriage 60 91.73 19.580 118 2.93*
Love Matched 60 100.87 14.084
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table: 1 Shows mean, SD and t- values of Marital Satisfaction among Arranged marriage and
Love matched Individuals
Table 1 shows marital satisfaction among arranged marriage individuals and love matched individuals. Among arranged married
BUNKER AND KUCHERIA/ QUALITY OF LIFE AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN RELATION
02
and love matched females results were found highly significant. arranged marriage female=91.73) the calculated t-value is 2.93. No
Marital satisfaction of love matched females is higher than that of statistically significant results were found for males and over all
arranged married females (mean of love matched females=100.87 & individuals who had arranged marriages and love matched marriages.
Variables Marriage Type N Mean Std. Deviation df t value
Physical Symptom Arranged Marriage 60 2.75 3.32 118 2.03**
Love Matched 60 1.62 2.73
Physical Wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 7.33 2.41 118 3.05*
Love Matched 60 8.67 2.38
Psychological wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 2.47 2.22 118 1.58
Love Matched 60 1.70 3.02
Existential Wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 7.62 1.57 118 3.50*
Love Matched 60 8.47 1.06
Support Arranged Marriage 60 8.50 1.71 118 0.87
Love Matched 60 8.23 1.61
Over All Quality of Life Arranged Marriage 60 5.74 0.70 118 0.00
Love Matched 60 5.74 0.69
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 1: Mean of different perceived stress of employees across the different designation
Variables Marriage Type N Mean Std. Deviation df t value
Physical Symptom Arranged Marriage 60 2.29 2.41 118 2.23**
Love Marriage 60 3.33 2.70
Physical Wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 7.40 2.65 118 2.36*
Love Marriage 60 8.33 1.55
Psychological wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 2.07 2.43 118 1.03
Love Marriage 60 2.57 2.89
Existential Wellbeing Arranged Marriage 60 7.53 1.32 118 3.05*
Love Marriage 60 8.15 0.86
Support Arranged Marriage 60 8.77 1.52 118 0.719
Love Marriage 60 8.60 0.96
Over All Quality of Life Arranged Marriage 60 5.61 0.68 118 4.22*
Love Marriage 60 6.20 0.83
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table: 2.2 Shows mean, SD and t- values of Quality of Life and its Sub scales among Arranged
marriage and Love matched Females
Table 2.1 shows quality of life and its sub scales among arranged males were higher than that of arranged married males (mean of love
marriage and love marriage males. Among arranged and love married males=8.67 & mean of arranged married males=7.33) the
married males results were found highly significant on the scores of calculated t-value is 3.05 and Existential well-being of love married
physical symptom, physical well-being, and existential well-being males were found higher than that of arranged married males (mean
sub scales. Scores of Physical symptoms of arranged married males of love married males=8.47 & mean of arranged married
were higher than that of Love married males (mean of arranged males=7.62) the calculated t-value is 3.50. No such statistically
marriage males=2.75 & mean of love married males=1.62) the significant difference was found on the scores of psychological
calculated t-value is 2.03. Physical well-being of Love matched well-being, support and overall quality of life.
Table 2.2 shows quality of life and its sub scales among arranged married females ((mean of love married females=3.33 & mean of
marriage and love marriage females. Among arranged and love arranged married females is 2.29) the calculated t-value is 2.23.
married females results were found highly significant on the scores Physical well-being of love married females is higher than that of
of physical symptom, physical well-being, and existential well- arranged married females (mean of love married females =8.33 &
being sub scales and overall quality of life scores. Scores of Physical mean of arranged females= 7.40) the calculated t-value is 2.36.
symptoms of love married females is higher than that of arranged Existential Well-being of love married females is higher than that of
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 2017, 5(1), 01-06 03
arranged married females (mean of love married females=8.15 & m ar ri ed f em al es =6.20 & mean of ar ranged marriage
mean of arranged married females=7.53) the calculated t-value is females=5.61) the calculated t-value is 4.22. No statistically
3.05. Similarly Overall Quality of life of love married females is significant results were found on the psychological well-being and
found higher than that of arranged married females (mean of love support sub scales.
Groups Gender N Mean Std. Deviation df t
Arranged Marriage Male 60 99.80 22.19 118 2.11**
Female 60 91.73 19.58
Love Matched Marriage Male 60 97.60 09.55 118 1.49
Female 60 100.87 14.08
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 3: Shows mean, SD and t- values of Marital Satisfaction among Arranged Marriage and Love
Matched Marriage Males and Females
Table 3 shows Marital Satisfaction among Arranged Marriage and and females of arranged marriage couples. No statistically
Love Matched Married Males and Females. Statistically significant difference was found among males and females of love
significant difference was found in marital satisfaction of males matched couples.
Variables Gender N Mean Std. Deviation df t
Physical Symptom Male 60 2.75 3.32 118 0.88
Female 60 2.29 2.41
Physical Wellbeing Male 60 7.33 2.41 118 0.14
Female 60 7.40 2.65
Psychological wellbeing Male 60 2.47 2.22 118 0.94
Female 60 2.07 2.43
Existential Wellbeing Male 60 7.62 1.57 118 0.33
Female 60 7.53 1.32
Support Male 60 8.50 1.71 118 0.90
Female 60 8.77 1.52
Over All Quality of Life Male 60 5.74 0.70 118 1.03
Female 60 5.61 0.68
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 4.1: Shows mean, SD and t- values of Quality of Life among Arranged Marriage Males & Females
Table 4.1 Shows quality of life and its sub scales among males and results were found among males and females of arranged marriage
females of arranged marriage couples. No statistically significant couples on the scores of quality of life and its sub scales.
Variables Gender N Mean Std. Deviation df t
Physical Symptom Male 60 1.62 2.73 118 3.44**
Female 60 3.33 2.70
Physical Wellbeing Male 60 8.67 2.38 118 0.91
Female 60 8.33 1.55
Psychological wellbeing Male 60 1.70 3.02 118 1.61
Female 60 2.57 2.89
Existential Wellbeing Male 60 8.47 1.06 118 1.82*
Female 60 8.15 0.86
Support Male 60 8.23 1.61 118 1.51
Female 60 8.60 0.96
Over All Quality of Life Male 60 5.74 0.69 118 3.27**
Female 60 6.20 0.83
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 4.2: Shows mean, SD and t- values Quality of Life among Love Matched Males and Females
BUNKER AND KUCHERIA/ QUALITY OF LIFE AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN RELATION04
Table 4.1 shows Quality of Life and its sub scales among Males and than that of females (mean of male of love matched couple= 8.47 &
Females of love matched couples. Highly significant results were mean of females of love matched couples=1.62). Overall Quality of
found on Physical Symptoms, Existential Sub scale and Overall life score of females is higher than that of males (mean of love
Quality of Life. Physical Symptoms sub scale females score is higher matched females=6.20 & mean of love matched males=5.74) the
than that of males (mean of female of love matched couple= 3.33 & calculated t-value is 3.27. No statistically significant results were
mean of males of love matched couples=1.62) the calculated t-value found on.
is 3.44. On Existential Well-being sub scale males score is higher
Groups Mean Std. Deviation N Pearson 'r’
Arranged Married Males Quality of Life 5.74 0.70 60 -.628*
Marriage Satisfaction 99.80 22.19 60
Arranged Married Females Quality of Life 5.61 0.68 60 .291**
Marriage Satisfaction 91.73 19.58 60
Arranged Marriage Quality of Life 5.67 0.69 120 -.180**
Marriage Satisfaction 95.77 21.23 120
Love Matched Males Quality of Life 5.74 0.69 60 -0.231
Marriage Satisfaction 97.60 9.55 60
Love Matched Females Quality of Life 6.20 0.83 60 -.428*
Marriage Satisfaction 100.87 14.08 60
Love Matched Couples Quality of Life 5.97 0.80 120 -.298*
Marriage Satisfaction 99.23 12.09 120
Over all Couples Quality of Life 5.82 0.76 240 -.189*
Marriage Satisfaction 97.50 17.33 240
*. Significant at the 0.01 level; **. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 5: Shows Pearson 'r' Correlation between Quality of Life and Marital Satisfaction and in relation
to Marriage Type and Gender
Table 5 shows correlation between the Scores of quality of life and previous findings of Myers (2005) there was no difference in marital
marital satisfaction among different individual groups. The first satisfaction between the participants in India living in arranged
three correlations were made to find how quality of life is related to marriages and those in the United States living in marriages of
marital satisfaction among arranged married males, females and choice, i.e., love marriages.
couples. Results shows that there is statistically significant negative The second comparison of quality of life and its sub scale scores
correlation between quality of life and marital satisfaction for males of arranged marriage and love matched males reveals that there was
(Pearson 'r'= -.628) arranged married couples (Pearson 'r'=-.180) a significant difference in the scores of physical symptom, physical
where as for females the relationship between quality of life and well-being, and existential well-being sub scales but no such
marital satisfaction is statistically significant positive correlation. differences were found on the scores of psychological well-being,
The next three correlations show relationship of quality of life and support sub scores and overall quality of life. Similarly, comparison
marital satisfaction among love matched males, females, and of quality of life and its sub scale scores arranged marriage and love
couples. Results shows statistically significant negative correlation matched females reveals that there was a significant difference in the
among females (Pearson 'r'= -.428) and love matched couples scores of physical symptom, physical well-being, and existential
(Pearson 'r'= -.298) where as males do not shows statistically well-being sub scales and overall quality of life scores but no such
significant correlation (Pearson 'r'= -.231). The relationship between differences were found on the scores psychological well-being and
quality of life and marital satisfaction among all married couples also support sub scales.
statistically significant (Pearson 'r' =-.189). Third comparison was made to study the gender differences in the
experiences of marital satisfaction, which reveals that there was
Discussion significant difference in the scores of marital satisfaction of males
and females of arranged marriage couples but no such significant
Comparison of the marital satisfaction scores of arranged marriage
difference was found among males and females of love matched
and love matched males, females and overall individuals reveals that
couples.
there was a significant difference in scores of females, love matched
females shows more marital satisfaction as compared to arranged Fourth comparison was made to study the gender differences in
marriage females, present findings are in the line with previous the quality of life and its sub scales which reveal that there is no
findings of Xiaohe and Whyte (1990) that women in free-choice significant difference present in the scores of males and females of
marriages were consistently more satisfied with their marital arranged marriage couples where as in comparison of males and
relationship than were women in arranged marriages. No such females of love matched couples result reveals that significant
differences were found in the scores of males which is in the line of difference is present in the scores of Quality of Life and Physical
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 2017, 5(1), 01-06 05
Symptoms, Existential Sub scale but no significant difference was References
present in the scores of Physical well-being, Psychological well-
being and Support sub scale.
Correlation between quality of life and marital satisfaction for
arranged married males, females and over all arranged married
couples result reveals significant negative correlation for males and
arranged married couples but for female's significant positive
correlation was found This finding is consistent with other studies in
which there is a significant relationship between marital satisfaction
and quality of life (Pereira et al., 2011; Gameiro et al., 2011; Rostami
et al., 2013; Ghaffari et al., 2013; Alavian et al., 2013). Similarly
correlation between quality of life and marital satisfaction for love
matched males, females and love matched couples result reveals
significant negative correlations for females and love matched
couples where as for males correlation was not significant. The
correlation between quality of life and marital satisfaction for all
couples was found significantly negative. The present findings are
similar to the findings of Ismail, Azlan, and Yusoff (2015) which
reveals that negative relation exists between quality of life and
marital satisfaction.
Conclusion
● Love matched female's shows higher marital satisfaction as
compared to arranged marriage females. No such difference exists
among males of love matched and arranged marriages.
● Love matched female's shows higher of quality of life as compared
to arranged marriage females. No such differences exists among
males of love matched and arranged marriages.
● Male's shows higher marital satisfaction as compared to females
of arranged marriage couples but no such significant difference
was found among males and females of love matched couples.
● Among Love matched marriages females quality of life is higher
than that of males. No such gender difference was found among
arranged marriage.
● Negative relationship exists between quality of life and marital
satisfaction.
● Among arranged marital couples especially male's shows
negative relationship between quality of life and marital
satisfaction. But females show positive relationship between
quality of life and marital satisfaction.
● Among love matched couples especially females show
negative relationship between quality of life and marital
satisfaction. But no such significant relationship was present
among males who had love marriage
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