Management for Quality Improvement
... One important dimension on which companies must strategically compete is the response to customer and stakeholder demands about the environmental impacts of products during and after use [54]. All systems involved in the production, delivery, circulation, use, and disposal of products must be analyzed to confirm that they have no adverse impact on the environment [60]. ...
... Klassen and McLaughlin [54] bring to attention that the gradual evolution of the "quality of life" and the environment has already been anticipated by Japanese authors. Mizuno [60] favors active quality management that anticipates and works within the constraints of the system without missing any customer requirements. ...
... 4) The external orientation of a company can impact its competitiveness. Firms are more likely to be competitive by anticipating customer requirements, both internal and external [60]. To promote the external orientation, some undetermined level of communication must exist between customers, the public, regulatory agencies, and the firm [61]. ...
Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing (ERM) is a proactive managerial approach encompassing
a company’s effort to integrate environmental practices into decision-making processes.
The ERM body of knowledge is very diverse and has been shaped by research in numerous interdisciplinary
areas. In the formative years of the ERM paradigm, this diversity kept researchers
from developing a thorough understanding of the status of research within the ERM field, and the
more recent proliferation of information has also contributed to a lack of understanding. One method
of developing a mastery and familiarity with this body of knowledge is to develop a taxonomy
within which the literature can be framed. This is the major objective of the paper. We examine
the literature to identify early major dimensions of the taxonomy and discuss how these dimensions
have evolved. The major contribution of this approach is that it helps researchers develop a
familiarity with the major themes found in a body of knowledge spanning multiple decades. With
such a familiarity, scholars can effectively build on and extend the current body of knowledge. For
the purposes of this paper, over 10,000 scholarly articles, governmental publications, web-based
publications, and books and were examined. Curkovic, S., & Sroufe, R. (2016). A literature review and taxonomy of environmentally responsible manufacturing. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 6(03), 323.
... It is expected that those ideas will lead to 16 Cf. Mizuno (1988) an appropriate solution. Often times, this diagraph is used in conjunction with other methods as for example the Affinity Diagram. ...
... 17 Cf. Mizuno (1988) There are five major steps in creating a Tree Diagram 18 : ...
... Moreover it shows large data volumes in an easy and comprehensive way. 19 Cf. Mizuno (1988) There are seven steps to develop a prioritization grid: ...
In order to provide a profound understanding of the use of tools, it is necessary to discuss them in the context of objectives that can be reached by their application. A tool and its mere application are not just self-contained. This becomes apparent when looking at the further development of Deming's famous PDCA cycle by Kaoru Ishikawa. He expanded the two steps Plan and Do by an extra step each, making six steps out of the four: Determine goals and targets, determine methods of reaching goals, engage in education and training, implement work, check the effects of implementation and take appropriate action. These kinds of cycles are typical for many approaches in quality management/improvement. It is a pragmatic step-by-step approach for collecting data, analyzing them and deriving solutions (Fig. 18.1).
... Selain itu, peningkatan efisiensi ini tidak hanya mengurangi beban kerja tenaga medis tetapi juga meningkatkan kepuasan pasien dengan mempercepat proses perawatan dan penanganan mereka. Implementasi Quality Improvement yang berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa perbaikan yang telah dicapai dapat dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan dari waktu ke waktu (Mizuno, 2020). ...
Masa tinggal di rumah sakit (Length of Stay/LOS) adalah indikator kualitas yang digunakan oleh sistem kesehatan sebagai representasi dari manajemen rumah sakit yang efisien. Lama masa tinggal yang terlalu lama dapat dikaitkan dengan pengalaman negatif bagi pasien dan staf, serta peningkatan komplikasi selama rawat inap (seperti infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit dan resiko jatuh), banyak di antaranya dapat dicegah. Quality Improvement berperan penting dalam memperbaiki efisiensi pelayanan. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek dari perbaikan kualitas terhadap pengurangan Length of Stay di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas inisiatif perbaikan kualitas dalam mengurangi masa tinggal di rumah sakit (Length of Stay). Artikel akhir yang akan ditelaah untuk menganalisis pengaruh peningkatan kualitas terhadap penurunan lama tinggal pasien sejumlah enam artikel. Hasil Intervensi peningkatan kualitas (Quality Improvement) secara konsisten menunjukkan efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi lama masa tinggal (Length of Stay) di berbagai setting pelayanan kesehatan terutama di rumah sakit. Intervensi Peningkatan kualitas yang diterapkan pada bahan-bahan telaah tidak memiliki batasan kualitas yang ditingkatkan. Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan serangkaian intervensi Quality Improvement (perbaikan mutu) dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah yang mengakibatkan terjadinya lama masa tinggal (Length of Stay). Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari literature review menunjukan Implementasi Quality Improvement yang berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk memastikan bahwa perbaikan yang telah dicapai dapat ditingkatkan dan dipertahankan dari waktu ke waktu.
... This aligns with universities' goals of expansion and long-term viability . Several authors have argued that the concept of management by objective is critical to elevating TQM standards (Islam & Sarker, 2020;Mizuno, 2020;Zhao et al., 2021). ...
─ This study seeks to evaluate the level of implementation of management objectives and its correlation with the adoption of total quality management (TQM) standards by the administrative leaders at Al-Bayt University. The study sample includes 155 employees who were chosen using a random stratification method. The results suggest that the administrative leaders at Al-Bayt University have a moderate level of practice in management by objectives. In addition, the level of TQM standard implementation by administrative leaders is also average, according to employee ratings. The findings also indicate a strong and meaningful connection between the degree of management by objective practice and the implementation of TQM standards at Al-Bayt University. According to these findings, the researchers suggest several recommendations regarding the importance of staff's active participation in administrative activities and processes to establish the university's goals and implement TQM standards. This study could also provide valuable insights for policy makers and university management regarding the significance of implementing management by objectives to enhance overall TQM standards.
... Mizuno (1979( , in Dogget 2006 supports the second RCA tool, the Interrelationship Diagram (ID). The ID is known as "a tool to quantify the relationships between factors and thereby classifying potential causal issues or drivers". ...
This study follows a qualitative narrative inquiry research design, investigating the Music Literacy (MusLit) conundrum through the lived experiences of eight South African MusLit teachers. This conundrum exists amongst a number of variables regarding the effective teaching and learning of MusLit as prescribed in the South African Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS 2011) in South African secondary schools. The variables include available, but sometimes inadequate, resources in the school education system, the individual circumstances of teachers and learners, as well as ever-changing environments in schools – both government and privately owned. In addition, music teachers, managers and the community have different points of view regarding the place and value of MusLit education in the school context. Furthermore, these variables are interrelated and entangled, playing juxtaposed roles in the effective teaching and learning of MusLit. In the literature review of this study, the found variables were systemised, organised, and structured into a visual representation, the Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram (Ishikawa CED).
This Ishikawa CED displays the relationships between the interdependent variables, causing a single effect: the MusLit conundrum. In this investigative study, the Ishikawa CED served a dual purpose. Firstly, as graphic elicitation in the semi-structured interviews conducted with the MusLit teachers; and secondly, it was appropriated as theoretical framework, situating the findings of this study in a structure through which the data, systematic data analysis, the interpretation of findings, recommendations and conclusions could be done.
Bridging the gap between the qualitative visualisation of the MusLit conundrum in the Ishikawa CED and the gathered data (semi-structured interviews), was narrative inquiry, which collectively served as the conceptual framework for this study. Because of the deductive nature of this study, a theoretical as well as conceptual model was appropriated as essential components of the research design and methodology. ATLAS.tiTM Version 9.3 (Atlas.ti 2021), which is purpose-built computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, was used for the classifying, sorting, and arranging of categories, as well as the coding and sub-coding of themes, in both the found variables (literature review) and the narrative data.
In the investigation of the MusLit conundrum and the variables impacting on it, it became evident that MusLit teachers could deepen and augment the previously researched knowledge of the MusLit conundrum. Subsequently, three research questions are answered: “How will the MusLit conundrum in South African secondary schools be investigated?”; “Why are the personal stories of South African MusLit teachers of significance in the investigation of the MusLit conundrum?” and “How do these teachers effectively sustain the teaching and learning of MusLit in a constantly changing environment?” The researcher theorises that the Music teachers use their own personal teaching and learning experiences to teach MusLit effectively in their unique individual environments. The collected narrative data (semi-structured interviews with eight South African music teachers) consisted of their unique experiences regarding the teaching and learning of MusLit. Their stories are being retold to gain understanding of, and new insight into, the MusLit conundrum.
The Ishikawa CED evolved gradually through the course of the study, first from a basic root-cause-analysis of the variables, through the systemisation of the variables. Then the Ishikawa CED was deconstructed and recomposed into the NIshikawa CED (Narrative Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram). Bridging the gap between the initial qualitative visualisation of the MusLit conundrum in the Ishikawa CED, and the analysis of the gathered data (semi-structured interviews), was narrative inquiry as developed by Clandinin and Connelly. This consequential merge of cause-and-effect analysis theories by Ishikawa, and narrative inquiry theories by Dewey, Clandinin and Connelly, led to the newly developed NIshikawa CED. One of the main results of this study is the development of the NIshikawa CED, a merge between the Ishikawa CED and Clandinin and Connelly’s three-dimensional narrative inquiry space. This study concluded that the MusLit conundrum is an enigma, an ever-present companion to the South African music teacher. Ultimately, music teachers use different coping strategies and mechanisms to teach MusLit effectively - even when the circumstances and environments are not ideal.
... The product should be washable The product should exist in a range of sizes The product should flexible to use The product should be cheap The product should have a long life The heating time should be low The product should include a temperature monitoring system The product should have an energy storage system The energy usage should be efficient The product should include an energy wireless loading system The product should be ergonomic The product should have low weight The product should include elastic materials The product should be made of ductil materials The product should be made of hypoallergenic materials The product should be made of anti-bacterial materials The product should be made of biodegradable materials The product should have non-slip sole The product should have an efficient thermal insulation The product should have an heat load of large duration Next, the DT organized the perceived needs into a hierarchy using an affinity chart (see Mizuno [18] for an overview of affinity diagrams and its application). A brainstorming session was conducted to iteratively aggregate the needs identified into larger groups sharing a common relation. ...
Concept design is an early and crucial phase in product development where the general concept of a product is created. In this stage, various aspects of the product are considered, such as usability and technical performance, among others. Product design and development are currently a well-established area of knowledge, and academia is increasingly including its fundamentals in regular curricula, especially in the areas of engineering, design, and marketing. At the same time, industrial players recognize the potential of the method for i. responding successfully to market uncertainty and speed; ii. improving the knowledge available and the systematization of creative processes; and iii. ensuring that the decision process is explicit and well documented. Nevertheless, only a few studies demonstrating the concept design procedure in detail are available in the literature. In this paper, we thus present a detailed case study concerning the design of portable thermal slippers, so as to demonstrate the application of structured procedures and systematic approaches to concept design, and providing a pedagogical review of methods and tools to support the analysis and decisions along the several steps of the concept design procedure. The particular case study here addressed resulted from the collaboration between an academic institution and a company operating in the home footwear industry, with the design team including elements from both sides.
... The next step is to plot the variables D p versus A p in a (4-quadrant) matrix data analysis chart (MDAC), which is one of the seven new tools for managing quality improvement [82]. A minor modification is introduced in the chart in order to facilitate the interpretation process. ...
Buildings consume a large portion of the global primary energy. They are also key contributors to CO2 emissions. Greener residential buildings are part of the ‘Renovation Wave’ in the European Green Deal. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of energy consumption screening as a part of seeking retrofitting opportunities in the older residential building stock. The objective was to manage the screening of the electromechanical energy systems for an existing apartment unit. The parametrization was drawn upon inspection items in a comprehensive electronic checklist—part of an official software—in order to incur the energy certification status of a residential building. The extensive empirical parametrization intends to discover retrofitting options while offering a glimpse of the influence of the intervention costs on the final screening outcome. A supersaturated trial planner was implemented to drastically reduce the time and volume of the experiments. Matrix data analysis chart-based sectioning and general linear model regression seamlessly integrate into a simple lean-and-agile solver engine that coordinates the polyfactorial profiling of the joint multiple characteristics. The showcased study employed a 14-run 24-factor supersaturated scheme to organize the data collection of the performance of the energy consumption along with the intervention costs. It was found that the effects that influence the energy consumption may be slightly differentiated if intervention costs are also simultaneously considered. The four strong factors that influenced the energy consumption were the automation type for hot water, the types of heating and cooling systems, and the power of the cooling systems. An energy certification category rating of ‘B’ was achieved; thus, the original status (‘C’) was upgraded. The renovation profiling practically reduced the energy consumption by 47%. The concurrent screening of energy consumption and intervention costs detected five influential effects—the automation type for water heating, the automation control category, the heating systems type, the location of the heating system distribution network, and the efficiency of the water heating distribution network. The overall approach was shown to be simpler and even more accurate than other potentially competitive methods. The originality of this work lies in its rareness, worldwide criticality, and impact since it directly deals with the energy modernization of older residential units while promoting greener energy performance.
... Figure 8 shows an arrow diagram that was used to improve customer satisfaction. Affinity diagrams, interrelationship diagrams, tree diagrams, matrix diagrams, matrix data analysis, arrow diagrams, and process decision program charts are among the new quality tools [124,125]. The new seven tools make it easier to identify, plan, and coordinate a solution to an issue [126]. ...
Environmental protection, sustainable development, quality, and value have become the
goals of societal development in the twenty-first century. As the core of environmental protection, the new energy sector has become a widespread trend. In this article, we will look at how well and how satisfied customers are with the energy market’s service. A literature review of energy sector quality and value issues was conducted. The survey was conducted in 2021 in Poland with over 2404 respondents by the CAWI survey. Additionally, it was given a qualitative analysis. In the next step, we applied selected quality management methods and tools. The results of the study clearly show that the respondents expect energy companies to become more involved in building
customer–enterprise relationships. Research shows that employees of energy companies should be trained more often in the field of customer service, especially in terms of an individual approach to the customer, which has value for the customer. The authors propose ways to build an arrow diagram to increase customer satisfaction levels. A model of elements determining quality as well as value for clients in the energy market was built.
... Quality control ensures a product to stay within the standard quality range. In this process, 7 Quality Control Tools are still quite relevant in their application in the FMCG industry, even though Industry 4.0 has entered a new type of 7 Quality Control Tools (Shigeru, 1988). Meanwhile, quality improvement is an effort to continuously improve quality performance by reducing product damage during the production process, reducing consumer complaints and increasing process efficiency. ...
Industry 4.0 era encourage FMCG manufacture industries in Indonesia to continuously innovating through digital technology adoption in their process, including quality management. Quality management digitalization in manufacture industry in Indonesia is now at the level of leaving paperwork documentation and analog communication in quality control; and have started to adopt computerized database and analysis. The absent of national software provider and academic study focusing on quality management digitalization concept has become an obstacle for Indonesia to evolve in Industry 4.0 era. This paper intended to provide conceptual design of integrated quality management digitalization to support FMCG industries in effective decision making and compliance to quality control plan; and to stimulate national software provide to develop digitalized quality management program
... A Tree diagram [17] was used to map responses to the question; "What interventions do you perceive as being most important to promote a good work environment and health in flexible work?". A Tree diagram is an established methodological tool, often used within quality improvement work to break down a question into suggestions for improvement [17,18]. The construction of a "top-down" diagram was used, including three levels, (main themes, sub themes and concrete suggestions), see Figure 1. ...
Flexible work arrangements are common worldwide, but knowledge on how to achieve a sustainable work environment is sparse. The aim of this study was to use a participatory approach to identify concrete suggestions and key areas for improvement that were considered relevant, effective, and feasible for promoting good work environment and health at organizational, work group and individual level (O-G-I), among office employees with flexible work arrangements. Eight focus group interviews (including 45 employees) were conducted in a large Swedish government agency in 2017. By using a Tree diagram approach, employees made a total of 279 suggestions for improvements, which were sorted into O-G-I levels and mapped into 18 key areas. We found that 13 key areas addressed organizational level (e.g., improving leadership, policy, job demands, and work efficiency), two key areas addressed group level (create common rules of availability and activity-based working), and three key areas addressed individual level (e.g., individuals’ responsibility to clearly communicate their availability). The participatory process was effective in obtaining concrete suggestions and key areas in need of improvement, which may provide an action plan that can guide organizations in developing interventions to promote good work environment and health in flexible work.
... We found that CM helped to capture the complexity of the impact of training which corresponds with the findings of Hagell, 25 who concluded the usefulness and potential of the method for evaluation and development of higher health science education. Further, CM relates well with the more recognised use of affinity diagrams within QI work, 38 but can add additional aspects and validity through the mixed methods design. 28 Although the response rate might seem low, the stress value showed a good fit of data and sufficiency for uncovering conceptual similarities of ideas in the sorting task, 39 and the number of stakeholders in the sorting phase was consistent to other CM studies. ...
Background:
The need for training in quality improvement for healthcare staff is well acknowledged, but long-term outcomes of such training are hard to evaluate. Behaviour change, improved organisational performance and results are sought for, but these variables are complex, multifactorial and difficult to assess.
Aim:
The purpose of this article is to explore the personal and organisational outcomes identified by participants over 14 years of university-led QI courses for healthcare professionals.
Method:
Inspired by the Kirkpatrick model for evaluation, we used concept mapping, a structured mixed method that allows for richness of data to be captured and visualised by inviting stakeholders throughout the process. In total, 331 previous course participants were included in the study by responding to two prompts, and 19 stakeholders taking part in the analysis process by doing the sorting.
Result:
Two maps, one for personal outcomes and one for organisational outcomes, show clusters of the responses from previous course participants and how the outcomes relate to each other in meta-clusters. Both maps show possible long-term outcomes described by the previous course participants.
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that it is possible that training in quality improvement with a strong experiential pedagogical approach fosters a long-term improvement capability for the course participants and, even more important, a long-term improvement capability (and increased improvement skill) in their respective organisations.
... In order to investigate relations between the typical SMEs characteristics and described organisational innovations the matrix diagram is used. This type of diagram belonging to the set of 7 new quality tools was created for analysing the dependences among two, three or bigger number of variables (Cwiklicki & Obora, 2009;Mizuno, 1988). In the paper two dimensions are juxtaposed (L-type matrix). ...
The importance of innovation has attracted the attention of policy-makers and academicians. As the impact, more studies have been conducted in order to boost innovation. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is one of the important resources for gaining a firm’s competitive advantage (Jeffrey Covin & Miles, 1999; Jeffrey Covin & Slevin, 1991; Lumpkin & Dess, 1996; Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005). Resource base view (RVB) sees the EO as the firm’s resource that is difficult to be imitated. The EO characteristics are scarce, valuable, and useful for achieving the firms’ goal. The EO is also recognized as the firm’s competitive advantage because of its idiosyncrasy that high level EO cannot be purchased in the market neither to be copied easily because firms should invest quite long time to cultivate the EO cultures (Lee, Lee, & Pennings, 2001). However, there are some controversy results of the EO impact on the firms’ performance. Lumpkin and Dess (1996), Zahra and Covin (1993), Tang, Tang, Marino, Zang and Li (2008), Madsen (2007), and Okpara (2009) discovered that there is a positive relationship between the EO and the firms’ performance. On the other hand, Walter, Auer and Ritter (2006) and Tang (2008) found surprising result that the EO exerted no significant impact upon the firms’ performance. Thus, it cannot be taken for granted that the EO growth has a clear positive impact in every setting of business. Study about EO is needed and has the potential to elicit surprising findings (Walter, et al., 2006). Reflection from those perspectives, in this study, we are interesting to see whether the EO could enhance the innovation performance into higher level of innovation such as radical innovation and higher novelty level of innovation for SMEs in developing country. This study is conducted on clustered SMEs in developing country and by this study; we aim to enrich the existing literature study by adding empirical study to give more insight on EO controversy result.
... Alternatively, one could use an informal and structured approach to brainstorming such as the nominal group technique (NGT) or one of its variants (e.g., improved NGT), and the Delphi technique or one of its variants (e.g., Argument Delphi)-for details on brainstorming, NGT and Delphi technique, the reader could refer to Proctor (2005), Mukherjee (2006), and Rocha (2007). Teams such as the problem definition team could use, within their brainstorming sessions, cognition models; e.g., mind maps, concept maps and cognitive maps (Eden 1988(Eden , 1994Eden et al. 1983, Buzan andBuzan 1993;Kitchin and Freundschuh 2000;Eden and Ackermann 2004;Dalkir 2005;Tague 2005), affinity diagrams (Mizuno 1988;Tague 2005;Bauer et al. 2006), storyboards (Stamatis 1997), strategic choice (Friend and Hickling 1987;Friend and Jessop 1969), soft systems methodology (Checkland 1981), the fact-net method (Ramakrishna and Brightman 1986) and the purpose expansion method (Nadler 1981;Nadler and Hibino 1998) to organize ideas and concepts and to assist with structuring the managerial situation and defining the problem, and tools such as valued focused thinking (Keeney 1992) to structure criteria, attributes and objectives. In addition, the problem definition team could use tree structures (e.g., work breakdown structure and its variants, bill of material, product breakdown structure, feature breakdown structure) and tables or matrices (e.g., responsibility assignment matrix, responsible-accountableconsulted-informed matrix and its variants) to understand or improve their understanding of structures (Harrison and Lock 2004;Christensen et al. 2007;Hillson and Simon 2007;Lewis 2007). ...
The purpose of this Chapter is to propose a decision support system (DSS) for designing a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) study. The proposed DSS is a revised MCDA methodological framework, which consists of a sequential decision making process with feedback adjustment mechanisms and validation sub-processes. We also provide guidelines on how to operationalize it. For illustration purposes, we adapt the proposed DSS to address the problem of performance evaluation of competing forecasting models under multiple criteria, where the variable to forecast is the price of crude oil.
... The students learned the basic KJ-Method procedure, i.e., brainstorming for ideation, grouping ideas, and creating a bottom-up structure of concepts by repeating the grouping, creating a chart (KJ-A type figure), and explaining the chart (KJ-B type sentence). The grouping and chart making components of the KJ-Method have been widely employed as one of the seven new quality control tools [Mizuno 1988] introduced in a contextual design textbook [ Holtzblatt and Beyer 2017]. In this context, the artifact created by grouping and charting is referred to as an Affinity Diagram. ...
Developing a skilled and innovative work force that can create new value is highly desired, particularly in postgraduate programs. However, conventional postgraduate programs primarily emphasize developing expert skill sets in a specific domain. This paper describes an educational program designed to foster creativity and also describes "Innovation Design," a new course designed to develop innovative human capital.
... Many QTs are generally accepted by most authors and practitioners. For example, the seven basic quality tools and many others are described in [6] or [7]. However, organizations may not benefit from the use of every tool and there are some authors that suggest the way to select the appropriate tool [8]. ...
In an increasingly competitive market, companies have the need to seek and implement best practices to continuously improve their processes. Recently, several quality management tools and quality improvement methodologies have emerged in literature. However, there is a gap between theory and practice. This study aims to assess to what extent the methodologies and tools cited in literature are used by industrial companies in Portugal. A questionnaire was developed to investigate both the importance, perceived by respondents, to each tool and methodology, and its level of use. The motivational factors and barriers to their implementation were also investigated. The questionnaire was sent to industrial companies of different sectors and 83 answers were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and statistical tests. Results show evidence about the perceived importance and implementation level of quality improvement practices in industries in Portugal. It also contributes to understand the factors that influence the use of such quality improvement techniques.
... Several different graphical quality tools support the applying of QFD, such as relation diagrams, hierarchy diagrams, tables, and matrices [28]. The models of QFD work as maps for applying the quality tools so that quality creation processes are obtained. ...
Information technology (IT) has become an essential element in our society that constitutes both possibilities for those who are able to make use of it and a threat to those who are not. The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) collaborates with academia to find out how IT can be useful in unions. The objective of this paper is to present the development of a design model for specifications of information systems used in unions. The model was constructed on the basis of preconditions found in empirical studies of unions and literature. Subsequently the model was applied and evaluated in a union project. It resulted in a model based on PD principles for determining the features that an information system should implement. The conclusion is that this kind of model is useful for development of information systems in trade unions, even though some questions are raised for further work.
... Figure 5 compares the types of industrial engineering techniques to analyze work at Toyota. For example, quadrant four illustrates the use of sophisticated IE tools such as affinity diagrams, matrix data analysis and statistical techniques including analysis of variance, ANOVA and regression analysis (Mizuno, 1988). Quadrant two shows a more practical approach to industrial engineering. ...
Purpose: The goal of this work was to investigate the managerial practices of today to understand if Toyota is sheltering themselves from these newer practices or embracing them like most believe. Design/methodology/approach: This work utilizes a new form of data mining named Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze an organizations ideal management practices. Findings: This work shows quantitatively that TPS favors earlier versions of industrial engineering compared to the optimization techniques available today. Originality/value: The use of data mining to analyze organizational management practices.
... These steps can be iteratively used to sort large clusters into subgroups for further classification and analysis. Once completed, the affinity diagram may be created for easier management (Mizuno, 1988). The tactile sense experiences for all the material samples were collected and compiled to find the corresponding tactile feelings. ...
Tactile feeling is an important sense of people's use of products in our daily life. However, how people express and verbalize their tactile feeling has hardly been systematically studied. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how people describe their tactile feeling and how this expression will be affected by visual experience. To achieve the purpose a focus interview was conducted for this study. A set of 51 samples of various textures based on a literature review and a pilot study was prepared as reference stimuli in the interview to evoke respondents' tactile feeling and experience. Six blind and 5 blindfolded respondents were recruited for the interview. In each interview session the respondent was guided and encouraged by the interviewer to exhaustively describe his/her tactile feeling on freely touching the reference samples only, without the aid of vision. The Kawakita Jiro method (KJ method) then was used to sort, classify and analyze the collected vocabularies of tactile feeling. The results showed that the expressed vocabularies of tactile feeling can be classified into five dimensions: "objective/measurable", "evaluative/aesthetic", "social status and positions", "emotional" and "interface quality". Among them, vocabularies of "objective/measurable" and "interface quality" were the most frequently mentioned by respondents, while those of the "evaluative/aesthetic" were the least. The expressed vocabularies between the blind and the blindfolded respondents were also found to be significantly different in the five dimensions. Relevance to industry: The results of this study can help researchers to further understanding tactile feeling and help designers in selecting appropriate vocabularies of tactile feeling to express in their product designs.
... The matrix diagram is used in order to investigate relations between the typical SMEs characteristics and described above organisational innovations. This type of diagram was originally created for analysing the dependences among two, three or more variables (Cwiklicki & Obora, 2009;Mizuno, 1988). It belongs to the set of the 7 new quality tools. ...
The research objective of the paper is to analyse Small and Medium Enterprises' (SMEs) potential to create and adopt organisational innovations. Reasons for choosing such topic stems from observation that in spite of strong emphasis on proving SMEs importance in innovation processes, some significant restrictions appear. One of the area influencing operational effectiveness is readiness for and ease of absorption innovations that shape and organise the internal processes. In this elaboration organisational innovations are understood as a new way of realising tasks facilitating and improving daily and strategic activities. The first research hypothesis has to some extent a controversial character. It states that the SMEs are not capable of creating organisational innovations. According to the secondary hypothesis, which extends the previous one, the SMEs are the laggards in the diffusion model.
... Practically, Deming (1986) claimed that quality is a triangle involving the interaction of the product and the customer, the way he or she uses the product, and how to train the customer. Furthermore, addressing a variety of user requirements, Mizuno (1988) distinguishes between exciting and required quality. Required quality is the set of standard characteristics that allows one to compete in the market, whereas exciting quality is the set of characteristics that differentiates the product from its competitors and forms a market niche. ...
... Continuous Improvement philosophy (Kaizen), foresees an involvement of every manager and worker in continuously improving the company competitiveness, particularly through adequate Quality and Maintenance systems. Once more, it is fundamental the use of technical systems supporting a decentralized organisation through integration and communication mechanisms (Mizuno, 1988). The mentioned organisation philosophies (TPM and Kaizen) develop naturaIly in a decentralised organisation. ...
The need of a functional integration in the manufacturing area (Production, Quality, Maintenance), outlooking for a new manufacturing agility, causes the emergence of concerns with reliability, maintenance and security of the manufacturing equipments at the shop-floor. Several models and methodologies, encompassing technical, human, social and organisational aspects such as Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) or Continuous Improvement (Kaizen), are today available to help in implementing new paradigms in this area. In this paper, we briefly relate our experiences in the development of a maintenance management information system in a shoes manufacturing company, highlighting the socio-organisational context influence on this development. This project was part of the ESPRIT project Real-I-CIM, aimed at providing low cost shop floor advanced management tools, inside an open and distributed architecture.
... The ID is one of the seven Management & Planning Tools (7-MP) originally developed in 1976 by the collaboration between the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) and the Society of Quality Control Technique Development. Shigeru Mizuno [1] published information about IDs and six other tools in 1988 as a collection of methods for engineering, economic planning, and management. The other New QC tools are: Affinity Diagrams (a.k.a. ...
The Interrelationship Digraph (ID) is one of seven new Quality Management and Planning tools described by Shigeru Mizuno (Management for Quality Improvement: The New 7 QC Tools, Cambridge, MA, Productivity Press, Inc., 1988).
IDs show cause-and-effect relationships between several items, ideas, factors, or issues. IDs are useful in prioritizing choices when decision makers find it difficult to reach consensus; and sorting out issues involved in project planning, especially when credible data may not exist.
IDs provide a means of evaluating ways in which disparate ideas influence one another. IDs: (1) make it easy to spot leading factors that affect other factors; (2) blend Cause-and-Effect thinking from Ishikawa diagrams and the creative logic of brainstorming; and (3) respond to frequent complaints made about Cause-and-Effect diagrams: “What are the most important causes among many choices available?” and “How do they interact or connect to each other?”
This presentation will show how JMP® can construct IDs to identify and process ideas that drive process improvement efforts. JSL scripts will create customized reports combining traditional graphic and matrix ID formats.
This scoping review collects methods and frameworks from three fields with a shared goal of improving healthcare practice with a focus on primary care settings: Human Factors, Implementation Science, and Quality Improvement. The approaches from these three fields have been synthesized in a conceptual model that builds on complementarities between fields and encourages interdisciplinary integration. The resulting integrative model provides a helpful guide for organizing healthcare improvement approaches into a cyclical process that is consistent with real-world practice. Users of this model can select from a collection of existing approaches to support their improvement projects, develop and test new transdisciplinary approaches that combine or mix existing approaches, or guide their interdisciplinary education in primary care change approaches. Future work will refine and expand this model to balance practicality and rigor.
When studying customer expectations, qualitative data can be as rich in information as quantitative data. In this article, the authors illustrate one way of using both qualitative and quantitative data to understand the needs and wants of customers. Specifically, they show the process by which the administrators and faculty of a business school learned about the needs and wants of their customers, namely, the employers of their MBA graduates, as part of an effort to redesign their MBA program. The authors explain how their inquiry was guided by the “customer-in” perspective, how they used the “voices into choices” approach to collect qualitative data, and how they supplemented this with quantitative data collected through surveys. In addition, the authors provide an example of how this information was translated into actionable goals and the steps taken to improve the MBA program. The methods illustrated in the article can help faculty of business schools as well as managers in obtaining information to improve any service.
Despite the increasing complexity of problems and growing demand for stakeholder collaboration in the design for sustainability, there is a lack of methodology for understanding complex stakeholder needs and their relationships. This study proposes the need network analysis as a process for investigating need structures. Need network analysis is based on need mapping together with network analysis. We demonstrate its effectiveness in an empirical study that diagnoses the energy service companies (ESCO) in South Korea. Based on the surveys and interviews with stakeholders, we identified their pain points and the problems that have impeded growth in the industry. We report the findings and discuss their implications for sustainable service ecosystem design that involves highly complex socio-technical problems and policy innovations for the Korean energy service company industry. Keywords Energy service company (ESCO) Service ecosystem Network analysis Need System sustainability
Experience of successful improvements in organizations based on lean methods shows that participation and involvement are the keys. Based on this, a university-level continuing course has been created that focuses on quality improvements. Students gain knowledge of various lean and quality tools, as well as of implementation processes. The students learn essential tools and implementation processes gradually, while at the same time using this knowledge.
This study is about classroom management during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study aims to find out how the classroom should be managed during the Covid-19 Pandemic. It was done at Universitas Kristen Indonesia within three months, from February – April 2021. The method of the study is library research, where the researchers were the instruments of this study. To answer the problem of the study, the researchers collect some documents related to school management taken from online and printed journals, books, articles. The documents analyzed to provide the answers to this study were taken from the library and Google Scholar. The result of this study is that good and correct management requires commitment from all elements involved in school management, parents of students and community members who are members of the school committee, and the community in the school environment during the Covid-19 Pandemic. To run the school management smoothly, the leadership must apply the principles of transparency and professionalism. So it is concluded that those involved in the school management should cooperate, and transparency and professionalism should be implemented during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
L’évolution des démarches qualité conduit à prendre en compte le processus de production selon une logique globale. En effet, les différents apports, outils et démarches ont souvent été techniques et prescriptifs: passage du contrôle, à l'assurance qualité, puis à la qualité totale. En suivant cette évolution, on ne doit plus considérer les unités opérationnelles uniquement comme des systèmes formels maitrisables mais bien comme des ensembles d'acteurs capables de produire décisions et comportements. Effectivement dans un environnement complexe et incertain, l'efficacité des systèmes de production n'est pas totalement rationalisable, donc programmable. La réactivité et l'adaptabilité du système productif exigent alors de savoir gérer des événements imprévus ou singuliers. Or, au poste de travail, la manière dont sont traités de tels événements dépend des modes d'action et stratégies choisis par les opérateurs ou équipes de travail en tant qu'acteurs autonomes. Ce sont donc de nouveaux comportements qui permettront d'inventer ces solutions inédites (au moins en partie) et pertinentes pour réagir à l'événement et s'en servir comme, levier dans la recherche de la performance. Notre recherche-action vise à analyser la prise en compte de ces événements du quotidien au niveau de la production, et à en mesurer l'impact sur les objectifs industriels. La conception fonctionnelle d'un cadre expérimental pour l'observation et le pilotage nous servira pour aborder notre étude sur deux secteurs de production d'un site industriel. C’est notre contribution au pilotage d'actions qualité utilisant l'événement imprévu comme levier, qui nous servira pour observer les pratiques et méthodes utilisées par les différents acteurs dans leur cadre de travail
Four major research questions are addressed in this study: (1) What is the overall pattern of usage of quality tools? (2) Does the pattern of quality tool deployment change depending on the type of objective (such as aesthetics, features, reliability, durability, function, and serviceability) pursued? (3) Does the pattern of quality tool deployment vary depending on the type of quality improvement strategy, (such as inspection, process control, process improvement, and design quality)? and (4) Does the pattern of quality tool deployment change depending on the type of industry? Through a comprehensive literature search and in-depth case studies of 13 firms, a set of 38 quality tools was identified. Using these tools as a basis for a survey' instrument, the four research questions were investigated using a sample of 313 North American quality directors and managers who are ASQ members. The results of the study are mixed. There was support for the notion that statistically significant differences exist in the application of quality tools, which vary according to the type of quality objective pursued and the type of quality improvement strategy emphasized. Also, the application of quality tools was found to be significantly related to quality improvement, depending on the type of objective and strategy being emphasized. Finally, the results of this article lend support to the proposition that industry-level differences exist in the pattern of quality tool usage and the impact on performance.
ESTE ARTÍCULO DESCRIBE DE MANERA GENERAL, EL PROCESO DE PLANEACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA. TAMBIÉN ANALIZA EL DIAGNÓSTICO EFECTUADO EN LAS ÁREAS DE ADQUISICIONES Y DE PROCESOS TÉCNICOS DE LA UNIDAD DE INFORMACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES ELÉCTRICAS, QUE SE ESQUEMATIZA EN UN DIAGRAMA CAUSA-EFECTO, Y ADEMÁS PRESENTA LA METODOLOGÍA SEGUIDA PARA LA UBICACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS ESTADÍSTICOS DE EVALUACIÓN. ASIMISMO, ALUDE A RESULTADOS PARCIALES DE UN ESTUDIO DE TIEMPOS DE ATENCIÓN DE SOLICITUDES DE MATERIAL BIBLIOGRÁFICO, EN EL QUE SE TOMA COMO TIEMPO DE ATENCIÓN, LA SUMA DEL TIEMPO DE ADQUISICIÓN MÁS EL DEL PROCESO TÉCNICO.
To support, develop and advance a process of continuous improvement it is necessary for an organization to use a selection of tools and techniques. This chapter provides an overview of the tools likely to be used in an organization's improvement process. It is recommended that the more simple tools and techniques, such as the seven quality control tools, are used in the beginning. The use of tools and techniques should be employed within a problem-solving approach for maximum effectiveness and efficiency. The ways in which the tool or technique is applied and how its results are interpreted are critical to its successful use. Probably the best-known problem-solving cycle is PDCA (‘plan, do, check, act’). Management teams that are ‘technique reactive’ tend to be unclear on the concept of total quality management (TQM) and strategic process improvement. The CEO and senior managers have a key role to play in the effective use of tools and techniques.
TQC is surely the oldest system and its roots sink into the earliest statistical research carried out by Shewart (1939). These principles were further developed in Japan after the end of the Second World War. Feigenbaum developed TQC, defining it as (1961, p. 6): “A network of the management/control and procedure that is required to produce and deliver a product with a specific quality standard”.
Die zentrale Aufgabe des Qualitätscontrollings von Leistungsprozessen ist die Optimierung von Wirtschaftlichkeit, Zeiteffizienz und Erfüllung von Qualitätsanforderungen der Prozesse der betrieblichen Leistungserstellung. Hierzu sind die Aktivitäten zu koordinieren und methodische Unterstützung zu bieten sowie Instrumente zur gleichzeitigen Beeinflussung der Zielgrößen Kosten, Zeit und Qualität zu integrieren. Es handelt sich dabei um Instrumente des Qualitätsmanagements, des Controllings, der Unternehmensplanung und der Organisationsgestaltung.
Quality Management (QM) bzw. Total QualityManagement (TQM) bezeichnet eine Managementphilosophie, die ihren Ursprung in der japanischen und amerikanischen Produktionsgüterindustrie hat. Unter QM ist ein ganzheitliches Konzept zu verstehen, das sich über den gesamten Prozess einer Wertekette von der Entwicklung über die Herstellung bis zum Vertrieb eines Produktes erstreckt. QM löst damit die vordem praktizierte Philosophie einer Qualitätsendkontrolle ab.
During the 1990s the Target Costing is a cost management approach which has been examined in detail, and a number of case studies have been published outlining how different companies have developed and implemented these cost management systems. Target costing focuses on searching for opportunities for cost reduction at the product planning stage as well as providing continuous cost reductions once a product commences manufacture.
The above quote represents the change in thinking of the business community that has occurred since the inception of the environmental movement in the late 1960s. Historically, businesses were reactive and sought ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions to environmental pollution. They attempted to comply with a myriad of environmental regulations by treating and disposing of pollutants after they were generated. In many cases this proved to be extremely costly and offered no guarantee that the promulgated standards would be met. As a result, gradually but increasingly, companies are discovering that the problems of minimizing air and water pollution, controlling resource depletion, creating clean technologies, reducing hazardous wastes and managing their disposal have to be dealt with throughout the organization, not just at the end of the pipe.
This chapter focuses on the continuous improvement in customer service management. This chapter considers the implementation of techniques such as Six Sigma, CRMs, and new ICTs in order to make data processing and communications easier.
The essence of any Six Sigma project is the analysis part of measured data. Most of the analytical tools are presented and illustrated in this chapter. This includes the discussion on parametric and nonparametric inferences. The parameter estimation and confidential estimation are carried out for various process characteristics. Similar attempt is made on hypothesis testing of parameters and goodness-of-fit of the models. The technique used to test hypothesis for a multitude of parameters relating to population means known as the analysis of variance is also studied in detail. Further, the modeling relationship between variables is studied through correlation and regression analysis, which includes both linear and nonlinear models. Some of the management tools such as root cause analysis, fault tree analysis (FTA), and 5-Why’s techniques essential for deciding the critical-to-quality parameters are also a part of this chapter.
The importance of organisational factors in the operational safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants (NPP) has been recognised by many organisations around the world. Despite this recognition, however, there are as yet very few methods by which organisational factors can be systematically assessed and improved. The majority of research efforts applied so far have tended to be modest and scattered. The ORFA* project was created as a remedy to these problems. The objective of the project is to create a better understanding of how organisation and management factors influence nuclear safety. A key scientific objective of the project is to identify components of a theoretical framework, which would help in understanding the relationships between organisational factors and nuclear safety. Three work packages were planned. First, a review of literature listed out the identified factors and methods for assessing them. Then, a draft version of the present report was prepared to clarify the environment context and the main issues of the topics. This draft was discussed at the ORFA seminar in Madrid 21-22 October 1999. During the seminar views and comments were collected on preliminary results of the project. Finally, this information has been integrated in the present and other reports and will be used to give further guidance to the European Commission in the development of forthcoming research programmes in the field. The project has addressed nuclear safety taking a broad perspective, which reflected and took into account the views of senior NPP management and regulators. The questions discussed during the project have been: - how can organisational factors be included in safety assessments, - how can good and bad operational practices be identified, - which methods can be used for detecting weak signals of deteriorating performance, - how should incidents be analysed with respect to organisational factors to give the largest learning benefit, - how can data on organisational performance be collected and assessed in a systematic way, - how can an organisation be developed in response to changes in its operational environment, - what are the needs and priorities for further research work in organisational factors?
In the age of globalization, a second language can play an important role in collaboration between different countries. Text-based communication is slower than verbal communication, although its speed allows sufficient time to think which leads to an increased collaboration. Some effects of a second language using a groupware on the distributed and cooperative KJ method (the DC-KJ method) were investigated. The DC-KJ method is an arranged creative task referring to the KJ method developed by Jiro Kawakita well known in Japan. Post-it notes are used for writing and sharing ideas in the KJ method. The DC-KJ method consists of three steps: generating ideas by brainstorming, grouping ideas by concept formation, and framing a concluding statement from the previous steps. Thirty Chinese students took part in the experiments to investigate the effects. A group of three students carried out the collaboration task twice; one case used the Japanese language as a second language and the other case used the Chinese language as a native language. Those results were compared in terms of quantity and quality by means of a log data analysis, a questionnaire survey, and a writing satisfaction valuation as the final result. The results showed that (1) Chinese people using the Japanese language produced similar Chinese language usage result quantities and quality and (2) the ability to think 84 percent of opinions in the Japanese language were utilized to obtain those results. These results show a potential of text-shared collaboration with the groupware by using a second language.
The aim of this study is to show how measures of quality relate to measures of business performance. A general framework is presented to show how the business performance of an organization is affected by the level of quality it achieves in its products and services. To develop this framework, the study
• Catalogs and classifies studies of quality according to methodology and into case studies, experiments, opinion surveys, and correlational surveys.
• Presents five categories for definitions of quality.
• Presents a summary of six theoretical models of relationships between quality and expected outcomes.
• Summarizes the findings of 43 studies into an overall framework based on strength of evidence.
This development is based on two principles. First, quality can be defined in many ways, and each definition relates to business performance differently. Second, quality influences business performance through mediating factors such as reputation and satisfaction, which are subject to many other influences.
The article is intended to guide future empirical research designs that investigate the effects of quality; and to assist managers in the selection of an appropriate definition of qualify, and the monitoring of its effects.
Hot staking is the preferred process for conductor-commutator joints in the DC motor armatures as it is versatile and cost effective. But however its application is limited by the peak failure load of the joint which depends only on the mechanical contact as there is no amalgamation or diffusion of metals in the faying surface. This study investigates the mechanical joint strength and found its variation has a positional pattern which is significantly related to similar pattern in electrode heat. A hypothesis for the similarity is reasoned and validated, which enabled evolution of a feasible solution to have differential input of energy compensating the variation in heat. This resulted in overcoming the limitation of joint strength in introduction of hot staked armatures to new applications. The use of Shainin clue generating tool, Relations diagram and visualizing the physical mechanism complemented the problem solving approach in causal clue exploration, hypothesis reasoning and solution development.
Using data obtained mainly from the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed. on CD-ROM, ver. 3.0, 2002), the process in which Japanese loanwords are incorporated into the English lexicon was reviewed. The process has been theorised in terms of a scale which begins with totally foreign at one end and finishes with fully incorporated/native at the other. Naturalisation is viewed as a matter of degree in which all the words in English can theoretically be assigned to a point on this scale. Still, it has been observed that the loanwords studied follow a specific trajectory of naturalisation, with three loosely set stages. In the initial stage, words are paraphrased by easily recognisable words or phrases to guarantee that the foreign words employed are understood. Then, attributive usages appear as a transitional phase towards the more productive stage. To finish the naturalisation process, the loanwords acquire greater productivity and in due course achieve the fully incorporated status.
ABSTARCT It can be known by using of the X and R control charts a limitation of quality control for permitted or standardized yarn uneveness. After data processing of quality control by Trial Control Limit method, where preceeding period is made use as reference of quality limitation that would be implemented on succeeding period. It is obtained a control limit for RSCD7T yarn unevenness as 8.990.45 (in % units). After its implementation on succeeding period, then it was understood that there are still some data out of control limit that is furthermore analyzed. Results of analysis show that product possibility to defect is 8.13% from total production, consequently it is necessary to make any corrective action, and such correction must be conducted on Engineering Department, Human Resource Department, Production (Scheduling) Department, Raw Material QC Department, and Department of Facility.
Various models have been proposed for design and planning activities. However, it is difficult to grasp their individual total images because their positions and meanings in actual design or planning activities are not necessarily made clear. The author has carried out studies to clarify the individual positions of these design and planning activity models and to understand their structures and behaviors.
Furthermore, the author, based on analyses, proposes to systematize various design and planning activity models into a tool called a design and planning platform. This tool will be included into a social human activity model proposed by the author based on the concept called the natural division of labor. This concept insists that the distribution of authority and responsibility should be the principle.
This paper presents a critical analysis of quality initiatives implemented by a Territorial Local Authority in New Zealand. The purpose of the research was to develop a quality implementation framework to enhance the authority's ability to meet legislative and community expectations. The research comprised critical analysis of quality initiatives undertaken over the past decade or more within the authority. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of staff to establish current perspectives on quality. Ideas from the literature and lessons from past quality efforts were synthesized using a variety of management and planning tools into a process superstructure to support a Quality Management strategy. Quality principles, tools, and procedures have substantial relevance to Local Government in New Zealand with the introduction of the Local Government Act 2002. An integrated implementation framework reflecting the particular characteristics of the organization was developed. The research re-enforces to the need to ensure that quality concepts and frameworks are adapted to reflect local context if potential benefits are to be realized.
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