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Vol.:(0123456789)
Wireless Personal Communications (2020) 115:2269–2288
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07681-9
1 3
PSO Optimized Geocast Routing inVANET
AkhtarHusain1· SantarPalSingh2· S.C.Sharma3
Published online: 4 August 2020
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
High speed of vehicles in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) makes the dissemination
of information from source to destination a very challenging task. The moving vehicles
share a predefined road layout, therefore data packets are needed to forward within a par-
ticular geographical region only. The geographical region so identified is known as geo-
cast region. Many authors have investigated geocast routing protocols in VANET to ensure
effective and efficient transmission of information to a geocast region. The existing geocast
routing protocols have limited success due to highly dynamic characteristics of vehicular
network and suffer from number of limitations such as scalability and overhead for routing.
To reduce and overcome these problems some bio-inspired soft computing techniques have
been developed to route the information from source to destination in an optimize manner.
In this paper, we have developed and analyzed three geocast routing protocols using par-
ticle swarm optimization (PSO) approach named as LARgeoOPT, DREAMgeoOPT, and
ZRPgeoOP.
Keywords VANET· Geocast routing· Scalability· Overhead· PSO
1 Introduction
Computer networking is one of the areas where bio-inspired techniques have been widely
used [1, 2]. Particularly these techniques are applied to solve the routing problems for trans-
mission of safety messages timely and reliably in an optimal fashion for vehicular ad hoc
* Santar Pal Singh
spsingh78@gmail.com
Akhtar Husain
akhtarhusain@mjpru.ac.in
S. C. Sharma
scs60fpt@iitr.ac.in
1 Department ofComputer Science & IT, Faculty ofEngineering Technology, MJP Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly243006, India
2 Department ofComputer Science & Engineering, Thapar Institute ofEngineering & Technology,
Patiala147004, India
3 Wireless Network Lab, Electronics andComputer Discipline, DPT, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee247667,
India
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