Incidence of Leaf Miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on Tomato Crop in Relation to the Climatic Conditions of South Gujarat

Abstract

Investigations on 'Incidence of leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on tomato crop in relation to the climatic conditions of South Gujarat' were carried out at experimental farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during Rabi 2014-15. Incidence of leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) was recorded standard week wise throughout the course of investigation. Leaf miner oriented leaf damage peaked (11.03 % /plant) during 11 th SMW while, it was lowest (0.03%) during 1 st SMW. Correlation of leaf miner oriented leaf damage (%) was significant and positive with minimum temperature ('r'=0.600) and bright sun shine ('r'=0.578) indicating 61.47 per cent variation due to these factors.

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Incidence of Leaf Miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on Tomato Crop in
Relation to the Climatic Conditions of South Gujarat
Article · January 2017
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Incidence of Leaf Miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on Tomato Crop in Relation
to the Climatic Conditions of South Gujarat
S.S. THORAT*, S.P. SAXENA, J.D. PATEL, V.M. PATIL AND A.D. PATEL
Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture,
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat
*email: sanjuthorat2@gmail.com
Trends in Biosciences 10(8), Print : ISSN 0974-8431, 1673-1676, 2017
ABSTRACT
Investigations on ‘Incidence of leaf miner (Liriom yza
trifolii Burgess) on tomato crop in relation to the climatic
conditions of South Gujarat’ wer e carr ied out at
experimental farm, Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari, Gujarat during Rabi 2014-15. Incidence of leaf
miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) was recorded standard
week wise throughout the course of investigation. Leaf
miner oriented leaf damage peaked (11.03 % /plant) during
11th SMW while, it was lowest (0.03%) during 1st SMW.
Correlation of leaf miner oriented leaf damage (%) was
significant and positive with minim um temperature
(‘r’=0.600) and bright sun shine (‘r’=0.578) indicating
61.47 per cent variation due to these factors.
Keys words Leaf miner, Standard Meteorological Weeks
Vegetable crops occu py a promin ent position in
human diet owing to their richness in vitamins and minerals.
More than seventy types of vegetable crops are grown in
India but maximum emphasis has been laid on tomato,
brinjal, chilli, cauliflower, cabbage, pea and important
cucurbitaceous vegetable crops. Amongst them, tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) belonging to the family
Solanaceae is one of the most popular and widely grown
vegetable crops. Tomato is one of the world’s most popular
vegetables; with an annual production of 18.73 million MT
in India under 0.88 million ha of area in 2014. Its productivity
in India is 19 tonnes per hectare (Anonymous, 2006). In
Gujarat, it is grown in an area of 0.34 lakh hectares with
production of 8.41 lakh tonnes and productivity of 24.89
tonnes per hectare (Anonymous, 2010).
Various factors are responsible for reducing the crop
yield of which insect pests is one of the important factors
cause considerable losses in tomato production. According
to Nagaraju et al. (2002), the major insect pests attacking
tomato are fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner), army
worm (Spodop tera exigua Hubner), whitefly (Be misia
tabaci Gennadius), leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess)
and spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisdual). Of
these, leaf miner, L. trifolii (Agromyzidae: Diptera) has been
found causing serious damage since last many years. The
estimated losses due to infestation of L. trifolii was 46-
70% loss to tomato seedlings (Pohronezny et al., 1986),
90% loss to tomato foliage (Johnson et al., 1983) and 70%
loss of tomato yield (Zoebisch et al., 1984).
Srivastava (1993) opined that climatological conditions
like temperature, humidity, day length (photo period) directly
affect the population of both pests and host plants. Climates
also restrict the dispersals of the pests to particular localities
or else they would spread far and wide. In this consideration
a study was undertaken holistically at N. M. College of
Agriculture, N.A.U., Navsari, Gujarat to Incidence of leaf
miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on tomato crop in relation
to the climatic conditions of South Gujarat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental investigation based on “Incidence
of leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on tomato crop in
relation to the climatic conditions of South Gujarat” was
carried out under field condition at experimental farm, N.
M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari, Gujarat during Rabi 2014-15. Experiment was
conducted wi th the transplanted seed li ngs of tomato
cultivar GT-2. The variety was raised in a seed bed and was
transplanted at 6th December, 2014 to the field maintaining
60 cm row to row and 40 cm plant to plant spacing. All
agronomical practices (e.g. transplanting, spacing, fertilizer
dose and application, irrigation and cultural practices etc.)
were done as per recommendations. 30 days old seedlings
were transplanted in the prepared plots of 12.0 x 8.0 m size.
Fertilizer treatment and the necessary field management
were done foll owing na tiona l protocol wit h suita bl e
modifications.
To study incidence of leaf min er leaf damag e on
tomato, observations were recorded at standard week wise
in terva l throug hout the cro p season . For reco rding
observations on leaf min er, 25 plants were selected
ra nd omly from th e whole experimenta l plot . The
observations on total and damaged leaves from of the same
25 plants were counted. The observations were recorded
at weekly interval starting from one week after transplanting
till to the crop harvest. The whole experimental plot was
kept free from any insecticide application. To find out the
specific impact of different weather parameters on L. trifolli
in tomato, the data on leaf miner infestation such as per
cent damaged leaves recorded in the experimental plot of
population dynamics were correlated with the different
meteorol ogical par am et ers by standard statistica l
procedure.

1674 Trends in Biosciences 10 (8), 2017
Table 1. Incidence of leaf miner in tomato during Rabi 2014-15
Fig. 1. Leaf miner incidence in tomato
Month SMW Period Leaf miner % mined leaf/plant
December
2014
50 10 Dec – 16 Dec 0.00
51 17 Dec – 23 Dec 0.00
52 24 Dec – 31 Dec 0.00
January
2015
1 01 Jan – 07 Jan 0.03
2 08 Jan – 14 Jan 0.05
3 15 Jan – 21 Jan 2.69
4 22 Jan – 28 Jan 4.13
5 29 Jan – 04 Feb 8.89
February
2015
6 05 Feb – 11 Feb 8.91
7 12 Feb – 18 Feb 9.68
8 19 Feb – 25 Feb 10.29
9 26 Feb – 04 Mar 10.65
March
2015
10 05 Mar – 11 Mar 10.99
11 12 Mar – 18 Mar 11.03
SMW: Standard Meteorological Week
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Leaf miner oriented leaf mined damage was noticed
from 1st SMW (1-7 January) to 11th SMW (12-18 March). It
was less during early stage of the crop indicating lowest
damage (0.03 % leaf damage) during 1st SMW (1-7 January).
Thereafter, it increased gradually with advancement in crop
phenology indicating peak (11.03 %) during 11th SMW
followed by another peak (10.99 %) during the preceding
SMW (05 – 11 March). There was no incidence during 50 -
52 SMW (10 -31 December). On the other hand, it remained
high to very high (> 10 % mined leaves) during 8-11th SMW
(19 February – 18 March) which is considered to be its
active period (Table 1, Figure 1).
Reddy and Kumar (2005) indicated peak incidence of
L. trifolii during March-April. Kharpuse and Bajpai (2006)
reported appearance of leaf miner during last week of
December indicating its peak during second March. Chavan
et al. (2013) revealed peak level of leaf miner oriented mined
leaf damage (31.75 %) in Rabi season. Higher incidence of
serpentine leaf miner (L. trifolii) was noticed during 4, 7

THORAT et al., Incidence of Leaf Miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on Tomato Crop in Relation to the Climatic Conditions 1675
Table 2. Correlation coefficients and regression coefficients of leaf miner on tomato in relation to major abiotic factors
during Rabi 2014-15
Sr.
No Pests/Abiotic factors Correlation
coefficient (‘r’) Regression coefficients
1 Maximum Temperature (X1) 0.320 -
2 Minimum Temperature (X2) 0.600* –12.380
3 Average Temperature (X3) 0.504 -
4 Morning Relative Humidity (X4) 0.478 -
5 Evening Relative Humidity (X5) 0.195 -
6 Average Relative Humidity (X6) 0.454 -
7 Rainfall (X7) 0.322 -
8 Rainy days (X8) 0.322 -
9 Bright Sunshine (X9) 0.578* 5.071
10 Wind velocity (X10) 0.190 -
11 A value (Constant) –16.215
12 R2 0.6147
13 Variation explained (%) 61.47
14 R 0.954
* 5 % level of significance r=3.98
** 1% level of significance r=7.20
and 9th SMWs (Waluniba and Alemla, 2014). In the present
investigation, highest leaf dam age (11.03 %) noticed
during 11th SMW which is more or less similar as observed
by the above mentioned workers. So, the current results
are considered to be in close agreement with the above
reports.
Correlation of leaf miner damage in tomato with
weather parameters
Relationship between leaf miner oriented leaf damage
(%) and weather factors indicated significant pos itive
correlation with minimum temperature (‘r’=0.600) and bright
sun shine (‘r’=0.578) implying that with unit increase in
minimum temperature and duration of sun shine there was
corresponding increase of leaf miner damage and vice-versa.
The remaining factors failed to establish any significant
relationship with the damage under discussion (Table 2).
The regression equation was predicted as (Table 2):
^
Y2 = –16.2158 – 12.3802 (X2) + 5.0710 (X9)
Where,
Y2 = Leaf mined damage (%)
X2 = Minimum temperature (°C)
X9 = Bright sun shine (hours/day)
The coefficient of determinati on (R2) was 0.6147
explaining 61.47 per cent variation in leaf miner damage due
to all the abiotic factors taken into consideration in this
investigation. The multiple Correlation Coefficient (R =
0.9545) was also found non-significant.
Choudary and Rosaiah (2000) found that leaf miner L.
trifolii incidence exhibited positive correlation with wind
velocity and sun shine. Chaudhuri and Senapati (2004)
reported incidence of L. trifolii exhibiting non-significant
and positive correlation with average relative humidity.
Reddy and Kumar (2005) indicated that per cent mined
lea ves of L. trif olii showed posit ive non-si gnificant
correlation with evening relative humidity (morning and
evening). Waluniba and Alemla (2014) showed significant
positive relationship of serpentine leaf miner (L. trifolii)
with minimum temperature and minimum relative humidity.
In the present investigation, there was significant and
positive cor relation betw een dama ge and minimum
temperature and bright sunshine which is also indicated by
Chaudhary and Rosaiah (2000) and Waluniba and Alemla
(2014). Similarly, the present results also indicated non-
significant and positive correlation of pest damage with all
the weather factors which is also indicated in the above
reports thus, confirms the present results.
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Anonymous. 2010. Indian horticulture data base 2010. (Fide: http:/
/nhb.gov. in/statistic s/area-production statistics.htm L.)

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Received on 17-02-2017 Accepted on 23-02-2017
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