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A Blockchain-Empowered Seamless Bicycle Offering Scheme through the Facilitation of Smart Contract
Abstract
Bicycle is very popular in all over the world. Thus, the use of a bicycle is also increasing day by day. However, while moving to different places, they have to abandon their bicycle as taking a bicycle with them is not always possible. Therefore, they abandon their bicycle. Due to not having any recycle platform, bicycle stays there and after a certain period, it starts to decay. Thus, it pollutes the environment and blocks the space. Moreover, time and money are required to dump it. Instead, it can be reused and this can reduce the hassle. A blockchain-based bicycle platform is proposed to reduce the wastage of bicycles. In the proposed scheme, the owner, who owns the bicycle, posts information about bicycle offering in the network and seeker, who are looking for a bicycle, claim it. Moreover, Proof-of-Seeker (PoSE) concept is utilized to verify the claim of the seeker. A proof of concept is established to initiate the blockchain network to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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Leakage of user privacy and vandalism of the sharing bike have been the most serious problem since sharing bike came on the scene. Accordingly, it is very urgent to rebuild the underlying trust mechanism. Most bike sharing systems are centralized, leading to overpressure on the central server. This paper proposes a bike sharing system based on blockchain service platform and a shared operation mode of C2C. The system uses the blockchain system as the trust guarantee. The extra chain payment - lightning network is used to improve the efficiency of the blockchain system and the smart contract is used to provide the rights and interests of the two parties.
This study presents a survey and a series of analyses performed to better understand the use of private and shared bicycles in a city where bicycle infrastructure and bicycle-sharing systems are recent and still limited. Using descriptive analysis, a multivariate ordinal model and a binary choice model, we (1) explore the profile of bicyclists before and after the expansion of dedicated infrastructure and we identify behavioral differences between newcomers and experienced bicyclists; (2) analyze factors associated with frequencies of work and non-work bicycle trips, and (3) examine the role of bicycle sharing systems in promoting bicycle usage and as a multi-modality enhancer. The results show that the expansion of bicycle infrastructure seems to stimulate underrepresented segments of the population, such as women and low-income individuals, to start cycling. Travel time reveals to be an important predictor of cycling frequency for both work and non-work purposes, suggesting that cycling can be a competitive alternative to cars and transit in large, dense and congested cities. We also observe that shared bicycle systems play a fundamental role in multi-modal travel and in introducing new users to the bicycle mode.
Internet of things (IoT), mobile edge computing (MEC), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) have attracted significant attention in both industry and academic research. By consolidating these technologies, IoT can be facilitated with improved connectivity, better data transmission, energy saving, and other advantages. However, the communication between these entities is subject to potential cyber threats. In addition, the integrity of the data must be maintained after storing into local storage. Blockchain is a data structure that supports features like pseudonymity, data integrity etc. This paper represents a blockchain based data acquisition process in which information is gathered from IoTs using UAV as a relay and is securely kept in blockchain at MEC server. In the proposed scheme, data are encrypted prior to transfer to MEC server with the assistance of a UAV. Upon receiving the data, MEC server validates the data and the identity of the sender. Successful validation is followed by stocking of the data into blockchain, subsequent to obtaining consent from the validators. Security analysis is conducted in order to show the feasibility of the proposed secure scheme. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed via simulation and implementation.
- Ankyu-Hwang
- 블록체인을 Seohwajeong
- 활용한 자전거 관 리 시스템
- 구축
AnKyu-hwang, SeoHwajeong, 블록체인을 활용한 자전거 관
리 시스템 구축, 한국정보통신학회논문지 22 (8) (2018) 1139-1145.