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Treatment of fungal infection at the present stage
... In some cases however such peritonitis can be particularly severe and persistent (12). In these circumstances the catheter should ~ removed (2,13,14), because then the infection clears without specific antifungal therapy. Colonization of the indwelling device is associated with a poor prognosis (15). ...
... Trichosparan(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Recently Pearson et al (II) described Penicillium peritonitis which appeared to have been induced by prolonged antibiotic therapy, following repeated episodes of bacterial peritonitis. ...
This paper describes invasion of an indwelling peritoneal catheter by a fungus. This colonization by Penicillium pinophilum, whose identity was proved by isolation, mycological characterization and in situ examination by scanning electron microscopy, did not cause peritonitis. We have discussed possible causes of contamination and implications of the findings.
Fungi rarely are responsible for primary peritonitis in CAPD patients, though increasingly they are recognized as secondary agents (1). Mycetes so far isolated belong to the following genera: Aspergillus, Candida. Drechslera, Fusarium, Mucar, Rhodotorula and Trichosparan (2–10). Recently Pearson et al (II) described Penicillium peritonitis which appeared to have been induced by prolonged antibiotic therapy, following repeated episodes of bacterial peritonitis. A similar sequence was encountered after intestinal perforation (3).
In CAPD patients peritonitis caused by fungi does not differ from the more common bacterial peritonitis (3), though at first the clinical symptoms may be attenuated and effluent solution may be clear (6, 11). In some cases however such peritonitis can be particularly severe and persistent (12). In these circumstances the catheter should ∼ removed (2, 13, 14), because then the infection clears without specific antifungal therapy. Colonization of the in -dwelling device is associated with a poor prognosis (15). This report describes a patient with massive colonization of the exposed tract of the Tenckhoff peritoneal catheter with Penicillium without clinical symptoms of peritonitis or changes in the dialysate effluent.
... According to studies by S. Allert et al. (2023), these fungi account for over 80% of yeast infections, and their prevalence has increased dramatically in recent years. K.G. Suprun (2020) and H. Hizlisoy et al. (2024) argued that due to the resurgence of diseases that weaken the immune system and the widespread use of immunosuppressive chemotherapy, there is a great deal of interest in Candida infections. The clinical spectrum of candidiasis ranges from superficial infections, such as candidiasis of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genital organs, to systemic diseases, including candidemia. ...
The relevance of this research lies in the current lack of information regarding the pathological manifestations of fungal infections in the parenchymal organs of animals, the manifestations and the host’s response to the fungus. Diagnosis of visceral mycoses is quite complex and insufficiently substantiated. A significant factor is the absence of clear criteria for pathological changes in visceral mycoses and differential diagnosis from similar diseases. This study aimed to reveal and establish the features of the clinical and morphological manifestation of the visceral form of candidiasis in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). The study employed the following main methods: morphologic and biochemical blood analysis, post-mortem examination, and cytological and histological studies. When conducting biochemical analyses of blood serum in dogs, it was found that the glucose concentration was 2.17 mmol/L, which is almost three times lower than the lower limit of the norm, while the creatinine content exceeded the norm by four times and corresponded to a value of 560.4 mmol/L. As a result of serum analysis, an increase in the content of total and direct bilirubin was also recorded. In particular, the content of total bilirubin exceeded the physiological limit by 20 times and amounted to 222.68 μmol/L, while the level of direct bilirubin increased almost 10-fold and corresponded to a value of 59.4 μmol/L. The activity of aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of sick animals increased significantly. Key pathological features of visceral mycoses in domestic dogs include haemolytic jaundice with extensive haemorrhages in organs and tissues. Hepatitis and nephritis, diagnosed in sick dogs, are the result of a generalised infectious process, the etiological factor of which is visceral candidiasis. The obtained data are of practical value for practising veterinarians in the issue of differential diagnosis of candidiasis, revealing the features of clinical and morphologic changes in the visceral form of mycoses in dogs
Generalized the data of domestic and foreign literature on the epidemiology of foot mycoses. An analysis of the incedence of superficial fungal infections in general, and tinea pedis in particular gave. Examined the role of gender characteristics. Assessed the role of agents of foot mycoses (dermatophytes, Candida fungi and molds) in the pathogenesis of the disease in different time periods.
Abstract Tinea pedis, which is a dermatophytic infection of the feet, can involve the interdigital web spaces or the sides of the feet and may be a chronic or recurring condition. The most common etiological agents are anthropophiles, including Trichophyton rubrum sensu stricto, which is the most common, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale and Epidermophyton floccosum. There has been a change in this research arena, necessitating a re-evaluation of our knowledge on the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective. Thus, this review aimed to provide a solid overview of the current status and changing patterns of tinea pedis. The second half of the twentieth century witnessed a global increase in tinea pedis and a clonal spread of one major etiologic agent, T. rubrum. This phenomenon is likely due to increases in urbanization and the use of sports and fitness facilities, the growing prevalence of obesity and the aging population. For optimal patient care and management, the diagnosis of tinea pedis should be verified by microbiological analysis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical forms, complications and mycological characteristics of tinea pedis and we highlight the pathogenesis, prevention and control parameters of this infection.
Malassezia species normally colonize the skin but they can change their saprophytic state and invade the stratum corneum as pathogens.
To determine the prevalence of Malassezia species isolated from patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV) and to analyse their distribution according to the location of the lesion on the body.
This study included 218 patients with PV and positive Malassezia cultures who resided in the city of Resistencia, a subtropical area located in northeast Argentina. Age, gender, and the body site of lesions were recorded. Strains were identified by PCR-RFLP.
Malassezia sympodialis (37.7%) and Malassezia globosa (37.2%) were the most prevalent species isolated alone or in association with other Malassezia species in 82% of the patients. Malassezia furfur (21.3%) was the third most common species, followed by Malassezia slooffiae (1.7%), and Malassezia restricta (1.3%), which was found only in combination with M. globosa and M. sympodialis. Malassezia dermatis (0.4%) and Malassezia pachydermatis (0.4%) were each isolated once. None of the species affected a body site with statistical significance. Significant difference between genders according to age was found only in the 31-40-year-age group.
This study suggests that M. sympodialis and M. globosa represent the main species implicated in the pathogenicity of PV. M. furfur appears to be the third agent of importance in this geographical area. Statistical analyses showed none of the species was particularly associated with any one of the body sites.
Malassezia yeasts are associated with a number of dermatologic and systemic diseases in humans and animals. Pityriasis versicolor is amongst these diseases and represents one of the most common human skin diseases. Beyond that, the role of Malassezia yeasts in the pathogenesis of other skin diseases such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and confluent and reticulate papillomatosis is discussed but remains less clear. Clear pathogenetic mechanisms of the above-mentioned diseases are not known so far. The review presents new findings on virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts, shedding light on the pathogenesis of Malassezia-associated diseases.
Several virulence factors in Malassezia yeasts are known, based on their enzymatic lipolytic activity resulting in the production of distinct metabolites and special cell wall features. Recently, a secondary metabolic pathway possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor was described.
The article presents virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts ranging from irritant metabolic byproducts to highly bioactive indole derivatives and attempts to clarify their pathogenic implications in the different diseases. Special emphasis is given to the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor, as it represents the disease wherein the causative relationship with Malassezia yeasts appears the most obvious.
Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial mycoses of the skin. It is now recognized that the causative organisms of this infection are different species of Malassezia. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Malassezia species in patients with pityriasis versicolor in Adana, Turkey. In total, 97 patients positive for Malassezia elements, namely, yeast cells and short hyphae in microscopic examination, were included in the study. All samples were inoculated in plates containing modified Dixon's medium. However, only 44 of the patients (45.4%) showed Malassezia spp. in culture. Malassezia globosa (47.7%) was the most commonly isolated species followed by Malassezia furfur (36.4%) and Malassezia slooffiae (15.9%). Mixed Malassezia species were not isolated. In conclusion, M. globosa was found to be the predominant PV isolate in Adana, Turkey.
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