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SOMADA(N) KALANLAR: MADEN KAZASI SONRASI YAŞANAN AİLEVİ VE PSİKOLOJİK SORUNLAR
Abstract
13 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde Soma’da yaşanan maden kazası, Türkiye'de en çok insan kaybının yaşandığı maden kazasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Soma Maden Kazasından sağ kurtulan işçilerin psikolojik ve aile içi yaşam deneyimlerini öğrenmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile tasarlanan çalışmada, Soma maden kazasını birebir yaşamış ve hala Soma’da ikamet eden 14 maden işçisi ile Aralık 2014’te derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Tematik analiz kullanılan çalışmada; yaşanan psikolojik sorunlar, yaşanan psikolojik sorunların çözüm yöntemleri, yaşanan ailevi sorunlar ve yaşanan ailevi sorunların çözüm yöntemleri teması altında oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular değerlendirildiğinde uykusuzluk, asosyal davranışlar, kapalı alan korkusu, mezar ve ölüm korkusu, karanlıktan korkma ve karanlıkta uyuyamama, kaza ile ilgili rüyalar görme, olayı tekrar yaşama (flashback), unutkanlık gibi psikolojik sorunların yaşandığı; aile içinde ise sinirli olma hali ve maddi imkansızlıkların sorun ortaya çıkardığı görülmüştür. Yaşanan sorunların çözümünde sosyal desteğin ön planda olduğu görülmüştür. Sosyal hizmet mesleğinin, maden kazası sonrasında, afet yönetim sistemi içinde koordinasyonun sağlanması, ihtiyaç analizinin sistematik yapılması ve kazazedelerin ve ailelerinin ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi noktasında yer alması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
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Makale yazım kurallarına ve şablonuna aşağıdaki linkten ulaşabilirsiniz.http://dergipark.gov.tr/journal/77/blockÖz Dünyanın hemen hemen her bölgesinde maden yatakları vardır. Türkiye coğrafyası da maden kaynakları açısından çeşitlilik ve zenginlik göstermektedir. Endüstrileşmeyle beraber madenlere duyulan ihtiyaç artmış ve işletilen madenlerde insan gücü önemli bir sınıf oluşturmuştur. Dolayısıyla madenler günümüz çalışma hayatı içerisinde önemli bir yer edinmektedir. Artvin ilinde bulunan Murgul Bakır Madeni de yeraltı madenleri içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Türkiye’de farklı şirketler tarafından 1950’li yıllardan beri işletilen Murgul Bakır Madeni bölge için önemli bir geçim kaynağı olarak görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte Murgul ve Borçka ilçelerini ticari anlamda da canlı tuttuğu söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla bakır madeni hem ekonomik hem de sosyal açıdan bölge insanının hayatında önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın temel konusunu maden işçilerinin iş ve iş dışı yaşamlarının psiko-sosyo-ekonomik açıdan incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda maden işçiliğinin işçilerin sosyo-ekonomik durumuna, günlük ve sosyal yaşamlarına, aile ilişkilerine etkisi irdelenecektir. Ayrıca sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının ve iş hayatının genel anlamda tatmin edici olup olmadığı anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu amaçla Murgul Maden Ocağı’nda çalışan 9 işçi ile nitel görüşme yapılarak verilere ulaşılmış ve bu veriler analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda maden ocağının bölge insanına önemli bir iş imkanı sunduğu ve bölgeyi ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan kısmen de olsa canlı tuttuğu, işçilerin sosyal ilişkilerinin çalışma koşullarından ciddi anlamda etkilendiği, günlük yaşamlarının genel olarak ev ve iş arasında şekillendiği, iş kazaları ve iş kazası risklerinin, uyku ve vardiya problemlerinin psikolojik açıdan yaşamlarını etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Madencilik sektörü dünyada kişi başına iş kazası oranlarının en büyük olduğu sektörlerden birisidir. Ülkemizdeki durumda da dünyadaki ile örtüşmektedir. Çünkü madencilik sektörü doğası gereği en riskli iş kollarından bir tanesidir. Bu nedenle, bu sektörde çalışanlar daha dikkatli olmak zorundadır. Ülkemizde meydana gelen iş kazalarının madenlerde azaltılmasına yönelik son yıllarda devletin ve işverenlerin gerçekleştirdiği önemli ve umut verici olumlu gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Özellikle maden işyerleri için ek önlem paketleri getirilmiş ve güvenlik kültürünün oturtulması yönünde çalışmalar hızlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, madencilik sektöründe 2012-2016 yıllarında (son beş yıl) meydana gelen iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları ana ve alt sektörler ile birlikte ayrıntılı analiz edilmiştir. İş kazası analizlerinde önemli bir gösterge olan kaza olabilirlik oranı, maden sektöründeki ana ve alt sektörlerle birlikte belirlenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Maden sektörünün iş güvenliği açısından durumu diğer bazı sektörler ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlar yapılmıştır. Sonuçta; iş kazalarında az da olsa bir azalma eğilimine girildiği görülmekte olup, bunun daha yüksek bir düşüş eğilimine girebilmesi için yapılması gerekenler noktasında bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Occupational accidents are prevalently seen in all business segments in our country. However, mining industry comparing to others draws attention due to the high fatality rates of occupational accidents. Although workers are educated and safety precautions are taken, the frequency of fatal occupational accidents in mining industry is quite high because of the labor intensive working instead of mechanized production in the mines. In this study, occupational accidents data, obtained from the Social Security Institution (SSI) annual reports between the years 2002- 2015, were examined statistically, and the mining accident rates have been compared with other sectors. Analysis show that, in spite of the regulations promulgated in the past and present, the number of occupational accidents occurred in the mining industry did not decrease. Contrarily, it is determined that mining accident and death rate per employee is seriously high when compared with other sectors. As a result of this study the necessity to do the following changes is revealed. Small scale mining should be abandoned, the mechanization ratio in mining should be increased, and mining specific measures and inspections in the occupational safety and health field should be taken.
Bu makalenin amacı, terörizmin psikososyal etkilerini gözden geçirmek ve terör olaylarında mikro-mezzo ve ekzo-makro düzeydeki müdahale süreçlerini içeren sosyal hizmet uygulamasının genel çerçevesini planlı değişim sürecinin aşamalarına referansla ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca varmak için ilk önce terör ve terörizm kavramları açıklanmıştır. İkinci olarak, terör eylemlerinin psikososyal etkileri, bireysel etkiler, dezavantajlı gruplar üzerindeki etkiler ile aile ve toplum üzerindeki başlıkları altında tartışılmış. Daha sonra terör sorununda sosyal hizmet müdahalesinin nasıl yapılandırılması gerektiği ele alınmıştır. Makale, mevcut literatürden, ikincil veriler kullanılarak derlenmiştir. Genel değerlendirme ve önerilerle sonlandırılmıştır. Sosyal hizmet bir insan hakları mesleğidir. Temel insani gereksinimlerin giderilmesiyle başlar. Mağdurların psikososyal sorunlarını çözmeyle ilerler. Teröre karşı toplumsal birliği ve bilinci artırmayı sağlayan girişimlere kadar genişleyen bir sorumluluk yelpazesi vardır.
Mining accidents, considered as technological disasters, are global problems as well as usually common issues faced by developing countries. These accidents cause considerable number of deaths, injuries and economic losses worldwide. The statistics show that mining accidents occurred mostly in the coal mines in Turkey and also in the world. This is the fact that, in the period of 2010-2015 in Turkey, coal mining accidents caused approximately 81% of human casualties in the mining accidents. Firedamp explosion, fire, carbon monoxide poisoning, inundation and collapsing of mine stopes are the most common causes of coal mining accidents in Turkey. Only in 2014, 301 miners died because of mine fire in the Soma-Eynez underground coal mine and 18 miners also died because of inundation in the Karaman-Ermenek underground coal mine. In order to prevent/ mitigate deaths, injuries and economic losses caused by mining accidents, the primarily step is risk reduction studies because mining accidents are based on generally preventable issues like infrastructure, technology and management problems. A successful risk reduction plan for mining accidents requires analyzing and commenting the factors causing mining accidents in the best way. This risk approach will allow us to eliminate many mining accidents or overcome them with the least damage. Some risk reduction studies have conducted for prevention of mining accidents or reduction of the losses. Actually, there were serious gaps in the laws about occupational health and safety of workers in mining sector until 2012. The significant amendments were made to the regulations with the Act No. 6331 that came into force in 2012. Some amendments were also made to relevant regulations in 2014. However, the painful experiences show that the implementing and monitoring of existing regulations and amendments are insufficient. In that regard, taking and monitoring essential measures against work accidents caused by the human factor must be the primary task for mining activities. In this study, risk reduction studies are discussed with evaluating of the coal mining accidents which occurred in Turkey.
Aim: This study aims to determine the impact of working conditions on mental health of underground miners.Method: It is a descriptive study. Research population consists of 1857 underground miners working at Zonguldak Kozlu Enterprise of Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises (TTK), and we tried to get in touch with all of them. However, we were able to contact 800 workers only and 684 questionnaires were taken into consideration. To collect data, Personal Information Form and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni Correction Mann Whitney U tests were performed to assess the data.Findings: The study found that BSI mean scores of the miners who are 41[A1] and older miner, have a low level of education and sufficient income to meet their expenses were lower compared to other groups (p<0.05); and only hostility and BSI mean scores of the miners who have been working in the mine for 20 years or more were lower compared to other groups (p>0.05) and statistically significant. The frequency of displaying psychiatric symptoms in the miners were not influenced by the variables marital status, family type, having children and living environment.Conclusions: The study found that the frequency of displaying psychiatric symptoms is lower in older miners who have a low level of education and income just meeting their expenses and have been working at the mine for 20 years or more. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışma yeraltı maden ocaklarında çalışan işçilerin çalışma koşullarının ruh sağlığına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu (TTK) Zonguldak Kozlu Müessesi’nde çalışan 1 857 yeraltı maden işçisi oluşturmuş ve evrenin tamamına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak 800 işçiye ulaşılabilmiş ve 684 soru formu değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis ve Bonferroni Düzeltmeli Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: 41 yaş ve üzeri, düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip ve geliri giderini karşılayan işçilerin KSE puan ortalamaları diğer gruplara göre düşük (p<0.05); 20 yıl ve daha uzun süre madende çalışan işçilerin yalnızca hostilite ve KSE toplam puan ortalamaları diğer gruplara göre düşük (p>0.05) ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Maden işçilerinin psikiyatrik belirti gösterme sıklığı medeni durum, aile tipi, çocuk sahibi olma, yaşanılan yer değişkenlerinden etkilenmemiştir.Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada ileri yaşta, düşük eğitim düzeyinde, geliri giderini karşılayan, 20 yıl ve üzerinde madende çalışan işçilerin psikiyatrik belirti gösterme sıklığının daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Both in the world and in our country, the mining industry
is at the forefront of the sectors where occupational accidents and
occupational diseases are most intense. In this study, it is aimed to
analyze the policies in the mining sector which is one of the most risky sectors in terms of occupational health and safety. In this
respect, occupational health and safety policies in the mining sector
were analyzed using the Policy Mapping Method. With Policy
Mapping Method, forms and ratings of the power and influences that
supporters, opponents and non-mobilized actors of the occupational
health and safety policy in the mining sector have; the reasons of their
support or opposition; scenarios developed for this policy and how
the policy will be affected by these scenarios along with the strategies
developed and justification, method and applicability of these
strategies were assessed. The universe of the research constitutes the
public bureaucracy operating in the mining sector in Turkey, the
political parties in the parliament, non-governmental organizations,
professional chambers and labour unions. Data were collected by
face-to-face interview using document analysis and semi-structured
interview form. A total of 65 people and parties were interviewed
between February and July 2016. The collected data were analyzed
with PolicyMaker 5.0 program and the obtained results were
discussed according to the information obtained from the literature
This paper draws on research conducted in the past two decades examining issues related to the human element in mine disasters. While much of the emergency response community employs a systems approach that takes into account psychosocial issues as they impact all aspects of an emergency, the mining industry has lagged behind in integrating this critical element. It is only within the past few years that behavioral interventions have begun to be seen as a part of disaster readiness and resiliency in the industry. The authors discuss the potential applications of psychosocial studies and suggest ways to improve mine emergency planning, psychological support, and decision-making during a response, as well as actions in the aftermath of incidents. Topics covered, among others, include an economic rationale for including such studies in planning a mine emergency response, sociological issues as they impact such things as leadership and rescue team dynamics, and psychological issues that have an effect on individual capacity to function under stress such as during escape, in refuge alternatives, and in body recovery. This information is intended to influence the mine emergency escape curriculum and impact actions and decision-making during and after a mine emergency. The ultimate goal is to mitigate the trauma experienced by individuals, the organization, and the community.
This is an editorial that i was requested to write for Social Work Education: the international journal right after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake Disasters. Undoubtedly, social work has a long history of responding to the needs of vulnerable populations, including those who experience natural or human-made disasters. Historically, social work has been involved in disaster relief; recovery dominated by psychosocial interventions and other models but has paid less attention to empowerment and social development in post-disaster recovery efforts. Therefore, the role of social work educators, students and practitioners in disasters has become a multifaceted terrain with multiple debates. Practitioners who believe in the social development role for social workers have argued that social workers should be involved in relief work, including using their core skills and knowledge to coordinate the often-chaotic environment of disaster relief, working in and with the community in order to increase access to government and community resources for vulnerable families.
English
Community revitalization is a neglected element in disaster recovery. The literature on disaster and community practice is reviewed and some community development and organizing endeavors in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina are described. Social work's lack of emphasis on community organizing is a barrier to social development in post-disaster situations.
French
La revitalisation communautaire est un facteur né gligé dans la relè ve de catastrophe. L'auteur passe en revue la documentation sur les pratiques communautaires en situations de catastrophe et dé crit quelques initiatives de dé veloppement et d'organisation communautaires à la Nouvelle-Orlé ans aprè s le passage de l'ouragan Katerina. L'auteur conclut que le manque d'insistance du travail social sur l'organisation communautaire est un frein au dé veloppement social dans des situations post-catastrophe.
Spanish
Un elemento descuidado en el trabajo de recuperació n despué s de un desastre es la revitalizació n comunitaria. Hago una revisió n de lo publicado sobre desastres y práctica comunitaria, y describo algunos trabajos comunitarios de desarrollo y organizació n en Nueva Orleáns despué s del huracán Katrina. Concluyo que el no dar más importancia al trabajo comunitario es un impedimento al desarrollo social despué s de un desastre.
English
This article examines the scope and prospect for effective utilization of social capital in mitigating the consequences of natural disasters that hit coastal regions. The article concludes by identifying the role of social work education and practice in building social capital for sustainable disaster relief and management.
French
Cet article examine les perspectives et la porté e de l'exploitation efficace du capital socié tal pour atté nuer les consé quences des catastrophes naturelles dans les ré gions côtiè res. Les conclusions de cet article mettent en relief le rôle de la formation et de la pratique en travail social dans la construction d'un capital socié tal pour la gestion et le secours durables en cas de catastrophe.
Spanish
Este artículo examina el alcance y la posibilidad de la utilizació n efectiva del capital social para mitigar las consecuencias de los desastres naturales que impactan las regiones costeras. El artículo concluye identificando el papel de la educació n y práctica del trabajo social en la construcció n del capital social para el alivio y manejo sostenible del desastre.
English
During city emergencies, Jerusalem municipality social workers are assigned to the disaster site, and with them hospitals, police services, the forensic institute and notification units form the Jerusalem Emergency Team (JET). Using formal and informal ties, social workers establish a professional, closely-knit helping network. Disasters happen everywhere. Social workers should be trained to deal with relief work and its traumatic outcomes.
French
Pendant les urgences en ville, des travailleurs sociaux municipaux a© Jérusalem - l'équipe de secours de Jérusalem (JET) - sont envoyés aux endroits sinistrés, aux hôpitaux, aux services de la police, aux départements médico-légal. En s'appuyant sur des liens formels et informels, les travailleurs sociaux établissent un réseau étroit d'aide professionnel. Les désastres se produisent partout. Les travailleurs sociaux devraient être formés pour travailler dans ce genre de situation.
Spanish
Durante las emergencias urbanas, los trabajadores sociales de la municipalidad de Jerusalem fueron asignados a los lugares de desastres, hospitales, servicios de policía, el instituto forense y las unidades de notificación, formando el Equipo de Emergencia de Jerusalem (JET). Utilizando vínculos formales e informales, los trabajadores sociales establecen una red profesional de ayuda. Los desastres ocurren en cualquier lugar. Los trabajadores sociales deben ser entrenados para tratar con el trabajo de socorro y sus resultados traumáticos.
In this study, a methodology is proposed towards development of an uncertainty model that includes randomness in the occurrence of days-lost accidents in a coal mine. The accident/injury data consists of 1390 days-lost accident cases recorded at GLI-Tuncbilek underground lignite mine from January 1994 to December 2002. In the first step of proposed methodology, the frequency and the severity of the accidents have been modeled statistically by fitting appropriate distributions. The test done by BestFit software yields a chi-square value of 21.53 (p = 0.089) with 14 degrees of freedom and estimates the parameter of lambda for Poisson distribution as 12.87 accidents/month. For the severity component, a lognormal distribution is fitted to days-lost data and chi-square goodness-of-fit test calculates a value of 40.44 (p = 0.097) with 30 degrees of freedom. The parameters of lognormal distribution are estimated as a mean of 14.3 days and
standard deviation of 23.1 days, respectively. Then, two distributions are basically combined by Monte Carlo simulation in order to construct relative risk levels in yearly base referring to the final cumulative distribution. Finally, a simple forecasting modeling is carried out in order to quantitatively predict the expected risk levels by using decomposition technique in time series analysis. Stochastic model estimates that although, there would be substantial reduction in the expected number of accidents in the near future, the higher level of risks still should be a concern for the mine management.
The purpose of this study is to examine public perception and attitudes about the social work profession. This research is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 500 individuals over the age of 18 in the city center of Manisa, Turkey. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on self-reports of participants via face-to-face interviews in December 2015. Results show that more than half of the participants had never heard of the social work profession before. Traditional fields such as child protection and care of the elderly are the most known working fields. Participants generally demonstrate a positive attitude about the profession.
The concept of cartoon is defined many different kinds in the literature. The most common of these definitions is the art of making humor. Cartoon, constitutes the essence of a situation, targeting universal one and represents the schematic reality. Less verbally or only offered to the reader with a line cartoon refers to urge people to laugh. Cartoon can easily convince to affect people. Therefore; publications, have begun to use cartoons in their publications frequently. In our study, cartoons are evalouated about the mine disaster which was on 13th May 2014 taking place in the district of Manisa and 301 cartoons drawn about the mine workers who were died in the disaster. Sabah newspaper cartoonist Salih Memecan, Haberturk newspaper cartoonist Mehmet Cagcag, Yenisafak newspaper cartoonist Osman Turhan and Cumhuriyet newspaper cartoonist Behic Ak are take place in our work. Discourse analysis is used for cartoon’s evaluation. The purpose of this study is to examine this tragedy, how national press dealt with it and how much place this disaster took place in terms of cartoon. The disaster date and a monthly period is examined. The results of research shows that the cartoonists have place on their corner and they put it on their agenda
The roof fall hazards are frequent problems of underground coal mines, which are generally unpredictable due to the associated uncertainties. These uncertainties, which arise from geological and stress conditions and mine environment, make the control of roof fall hazards difficult in underground coal mines. The most efficient method for coping with uncertainties in roof fall hazards is the use of risk assessment techniques. In this study, a risk assessment and management methodology is proposed for roof fall hazards in underground mines of the Zonguldak coal basin. The annual rates of roof falls obtained from the five mines in the basin are statistically analyzed. The components of risk, which are the probability of roof fall and consequences of roof fall hazard are identified and quantified. The probability of roof fall is computed by fitting a distribution function to the annual roof fall, while the consequences of roof falls are quantified based on a cost model. Then a decision analysis methodology for evaluating the performance of possible alternative action to be taken in order to decrease the risk, is developed. The results show that the underground coal mines in the Zonguldak coal basin have considerably high risk levels and hence require comprehensive risk management schemes.
It has been consistently demonstrated that social support affects psychological outcomes following the experience of trauma. Information processing theories of traumatic stress and empirical evidence suggest a model of social support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) aetiology, in which emotional support and disclosure moderates the effects of trauma. This model was tested using survey data from 527 New Zealand Police officers. The results showed that all support variables had significant negative main effects on PTSD symptoms. Trauma was positively related to PTSD symptoms and this relationship was moderated by police officers' attitudes to expressing emotions at work and emotional support from peers. These results have implications for the provision of support for workers whose job places them at risk of experiencing multiple trauma.
This study examined the effects of life events and social support on depression in 200 dialysis patients. The instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory, a modified version of Sarason's Life Experiences Survey and a Social Support Inventory (SSI) constructed by the authors. The SSI consisted of five quantitative measures and three measures of perceived social support. These measures were found to be internally consistent and stable over time. Results showed that clinically depressed dialysis patients reported fewer positive life events and appraised life events more negatively than non-depressed patients. The total number of life events and the number of negative life events were not found to differentiate between depressed and non-depressed patients. With regard to social support variables, results showed that depressed patients reported less frequent actual contact and telephone contact with others and perceived a smaller amount and less availability of social support and less satisfaction with perceived social support along the functional dimensions of emotional, informational, appraisal and instrumental support and social companionship. The results were found to provide support for a main effect model of social support and not for a buffering model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olağanüstü durumlar denildiğinde travmatik yaşam deneyimleri akla gelmektedir. Bunlar kontrol edilemeyen ve duygusal olarak üstesinden gelinemeyen aci veren, ani, beklenmedik olaylara bagh durumlardir. Hayat birçok iniş çikişlar ve yaşami tehdit eden deneyimlerle doludur. Yaşam süreci içinde birey, hayatinin bir döneminde, alişilmamiş, olağandişi bir olayla veya bir durumla karşilaşabilir. Olağandişi olay ya da durum bireyin, ailenin ya da bir grubun biyopsikososyal işleyişini etkileyebilir. İnsanin olağanüstü durumlarla başetme becerilerinden yikim yaratan yaşantilar evrenseldir. İnsanlarin bulunduğu her yerde; evde, okulda, iş yerinde, tatilde böyle bir durum ortaya çikabilir. Sonuçta sosyal bir varlik olarak insan; yaşam boyunca hastalik, boşanma, sevilen birinin ölümü, ani iş kaybi, iflas, saldiriya uğrama, hapse girme, terkedilme, savaşlar, esir düşme, işkenceye maruz kalma, para kaybina uğrama, ya da doğal afetler gibi çeşitli firtinali dönemler yaşayabilir. Bu dönemler kişileri farkli duygu, düşünce ve davranişlara iter. Süregelen yaşamini değiştirir. Yeni durumlar oluşturur. Bu yeni duruma uyum becerisi herkeste farkli olabilir. Bazilari bu dönemi sorunlu bir dönem olarak yaşar fakat üstesinden gelmeyi başarir. Bazen birey kendini yetersiz hisseder, alişageldiği uyum, problem çözme yollarini burada kullanamadiğini ve bildiği yollarla işin içinden çikamadiğini görür. Süregelen yaşaminda bir alt üst olma hali ortaya çikar. Akut bir alt üst olma hali, bir dengesizlik yaşanir. Bu bir kriz dönemidir. Caplan'm deyimi ile insanin diş çevresi ile sürdürmekte olduğu homeostatik denge bozulmuştur.
Social support buffers the negative impact of stressful events. Less, however, is known about the characteristics of this association in the context of disaster and findings have been discrepant regarding direct and buffering effects. This study tested whether the protective effects of social support differed across levels of exposure severity (i.e., buffered distress) and assessed whether the buffering effect differed between event-specific and general distress. Participants were 4,600 adult Swedish tourists (44% of invited; 55% women) repatriated within 3 weeks after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. A survey 14 months after the disaster included the Crisis Support Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social support buffered the negative impact of exposure on both outcomes. The support and distress association ranged from very small in participants with low exposure to moderate in those with high exposure (η(p) (2) = .004 to .053). The buffering effect was not found to differ between the IES-R and GHQ-12, F(2, 4589) = 0.87, p = .42. The findings suggest that social support moderates the stressor-distress relationship after disasters. This study might help explain discrepant findings and point to refinements of postdisaster interventions.
The Great Flood of 1993 not only devastated much of the midwest, it profoundly changed the social fabric of hundreds of river communities. Why some survived and others did not and the relationship of those outcomes to classic crisis intervention theory is the subject of this year-long qualitative study of eight representative Missouri towns.
Disaster research in social work has deep roots in the profession'S history of disaster relief, social work'S mission to create resources and make them accessible to people, and the profession'S service to vulnerable populations. Social workers have important and unique contributions to make to disaster research through their expertise in ecological approaches, prevention, stress and coping, and promoting change in micro and macro systems. Disaster research in social work borrows primarily from psychology and sociology, and is conducted in clinical, organizational, and community contexts. Further social work research on disaster promises improved theory, measurement, and practice in situations of collective Stress.
The effects of perceived availability of social support on psychological symptomatology following a natural disaster were studied in a sample of victims of a major flood in Roanoke, Virginia. Ninety-six subjects were administered questionnaires that measured self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, and somatization 1 week after the disaster and four additional times within 6 months after the disaster. A questionnaire mailed 3 months after the disaster assessed perceived availability of social support. Results indicated that subjects experienced severe distress immediately following the disaster, that this distress decreased sharply 6 weeks after the flood, and decreased more gradually in the following months. Perceived availability of social support was not related to distress immediately following the disaster nor 5 months afterwards. Social support and symptomatology were significantly correlated during the intermediate period.
Mine accidents and injuries are complex and generally characterized by several factors starting from personal to technical, and technical to social characteristics. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the various factors responsible for work related injuries in mines and to estimate the risk of work injury to mine workers. The prediction of work injury in mines was done by a step-by-step multivariate logistic regression modeling with an application to case study mines in India. In total, 18 variables were considered in this study. Most of the variables are not directly quantifiable. Instruments were developed to quantify them through a questionnaire type survey. Underground mine workers were randomly selected for the survey. Responses from 300 participants were used for the analysis. Four variables, age, negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and physical hazards, bear significant discriminating power for risk of injury to the workers, comparing between cases and controls in a multivariate situation while controlling all the personal and socio-technical variables. The analysis reveals that negatively affected workers are 2.54 times more prone to injuries than the less negatively affected workers and this factor is a more important risk factor for the case-study mines. Long term planning through identification of the negative individuals, proper counseling regarding the adverse effects of negative behaviors and special training is urgently required. Care should be taken for the aged and experienced workers in terms of their job responsibility and training requirements. Management should provide a friendly atmosphere during work to increase the confidence of the injury prone miners.
Zonguldak/Kozlu Kömür Madenlerinde İstihdam Edilen İşçilerin Çalışma Koşulları ve İş Sağlığı Güvenliği Uygulamalarına Yönelik Bir Saha Çalışması
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Afetlerde Sosyal Hizmet 1999 Yılı Marmara ve Bolu-Düzce Depremleri Sonrasında Gerçekleştirilen Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamaları
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Çalışanların işe gitmeme ve çalışıyor gibi görünme davranışları üzerine bir araştırma: zonguldak taşkömürü kurumu örneği
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Afet Yönetimi Ve Sosyal
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