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The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus: Solving Rubik’s Cube in Policy and Practice
Abstract
Historically, the 20’s of each of the last centuries proved to be challenging years, where moments of historical opportunities were followed by daunting global difficulties. The 20’s of this 21st Century clearly followed the same historical destiny, with still an uncertain ending. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, the geopolitical, economic, social and environmental complexities of today’s world appeared as inter-connected as ever before. The aim of this paper is to analyze most discussed nexuses in the international policy-making space, the so called “Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus” or “Triple-Nexus”, referred to the gradual coordination, cooperation, integration and interaction of humanitarian, development and peace actions and actors at all levels.
... Drivers such as climate change, economic growth, science and technology evolution, and many others, exert pressures at the farm scale, affecting the LWE nexus and thus influencing sustainability. Solving the nexus complexity to achieve the SDGs entails addressing interactions and interdependencies (equality, health for humans and natural capital) as a "Rubik's Cube", where the position of each puzzle parts affects the equilibrium of the entire cube [48]. The nexus of a bioenergy system shall pursue fundamental targets, such as life on land (SDG 15), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), affordable clean energy (SDG 7) indirectly contributing to other key goals such as responsible consumption and production (SDG12), climate action (13), and zero hunger (SDG2). ...
Bioenergy can significantly contribute to facilitating the transition to a self-sufficient low-carbon energy sector in Europe. The establishment of sustainable bioenergy systems needs ex-ante analysis that considers specific contexts and potential trade-offs, including competing uses of natural resources such as land, water and energy. The use of marginal and underutilized lands has been emphasized as a valuable strategy to overcome the food vs fuel paradigm and the direct and indirect land use change that can derive from the cultivation of bioenergy crops. Nevertheless, the fragmentation of these lands can significantly affect the energy efficiency of the systems, due to increased energy needs for inputs and transport, with trade-offs on the carbon footprint of the pathway. This study performs an ex-ante assessment of the sustainability of a short bioenergy pathway through the Land-Water-Energy nexus approach, by the iterative use of a web geographic information systems platform, developed on the methodology of the Global Bioenergy Partnership. The simulations show that the production of bioenergy from oilseed crops is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 73% compared to the reference emission value for fossil fuels in transport. The platform proofs to be effective and user-friendly for assessing and optimizing the intricate interlinkages among the various nexus domains that coexist within the bioenergy system based on the cultivation of underutilized land. Its use can facilitate the nexus operationalization serving as a timesaving decision-support tool for the development of sustainable bioenergy systems that contribute to the transition towards a low-carbon energy sector in Europe.
International and national actors are increasingly calling for a double or triple nexus approach to humanitarian, development, and peace activities to improve the flexibility of programming, particularly in complex crises. The double or triple nexus approach can, however, also replicate or create new challenges. To avoid this, the double and triple nexus requires more nuance. We explore how the double and triple nexus raises concerns about (1) control and decision-making, (2) the potential to cause harm, and (3) impositions that create inefficiencies, aspects of the double and triple nexus that are rarely considered. As actors seek to integrate and align activities via double and triple nexus approaches, they must proactively set in place policies to avoid negative consequences through localization to avoid replicating unequal control and decision-making. To ensure ‘do no harm’ is upheld, actors must consider the pace and scale of double and triple nexus implementation. As actors tend to have specific capacities, double or triple nexus impositions may create inefficiencies in operationalization which coordination and collaboration can reduce with significant investment.
В статье предложен оригинальный подход к концептуализации проблемы взаимного влияния международной помощи и санкционного давления. В первом разделе обозначены теоретико-методологические рамки исследования. Демаркированы границы ключевых понятий, подчеркнуто разнообразие видов обоих инструментов и осуществляемых с ними операций и выбран такой вариант структурирования комплекса взаимосвязей, который позволяет абстрагироваться от этих различий. Логические цепочки сведены в два основных “измерения”: 1) ограничения на оказание помощи и 2) помощь в условиях санкций. Дополнительно предпринята попытка разделить “смычку” на отдельные векторы взаимного влияния и разместить их в специальной матрице, которая строится посредством наложения двух стандартных вариантов разделения акторов по их функциональным ролям – на инициаторов санкций, адресатов санкций и третьи страны, с одной стороны, и провайдеров и реципиентов помощи – с другой. При этом рассмотрены как возможные последствия применения санкционных инструментов, так и возможные действия после/вследствие их использования. Во втором и третьем разделах статьи логические цепочки, относящиеся к каждому измерению, раскрыты с опорой на результаты их осмысления в научной литературе и проиллюстрированы с помощью релевантных примеров из международной практики второй половины XX –начала XXI века. В заключении представлен результат заполнения указанной матрицы и сделан вывод о наличии “смычки” между помощью и санкциями как отдельного объекта исследования. Он должен изучаться совместными усилиями ученых, специализирующихся на анализе как самих этих инструментов, так и внутренней и внешней политики отдельных государств. Это может помочь сформировать базу подлинно репрезентативных кейсов и обнаружить новые, еще не учтенные ее измерения и векторы взаимного влияния между компонентами.
Ruttinger -Beyond 16: The SDGs and the opportunity to build a more peaceful world
- Locke Steven
Steven, Locke, Ruttinger -Beyond 16: The SDGs and the opportunity to build a more peaceful
world. https://static.wixstatic.com/ugd/6c192f_708dc5b85c4c4d2b9d1bceb791b72125.pdf