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By Fredrick Norfleet
Monday, July 20, 2020
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Developmental Milestones: Infants and Toddlers with Cognitive Developmental Disabilities
Developmental milestones commemorate the achievement of "healthy behaviors and skills attained
by infants and children" ("Developmental milestones record: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia", 2020, p.
1). For example, a babbling infant between the ages of birth to one year, demonstrate cognitive (language)
development. And, when an infant between the ages of birth to one year can sit alone without support
confirms physical development. Another example is when the infant displays a social smile, indicating
social-emotional development.
Toddlers' milestone achievement confirms healthy development also. For example, when a toddler
can draw a line, (when shown one) demonstrates cognitive (memory) development. And, when a toddler can
run, pivot, and walk backward demonstrates physical development. Another example is when the toodles
learn to share toys (without adult direction) demonstrates social-emotion (empathy) development.
Simultaneously, "milestones can help to identify a child who is not developing normally" ("Developmental
milestones record: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia", 2020, p. 1).
Using the Walden University Online Library, I was able to find a peer-reviewed research article
entitled "Developmental milestones in toddlers with atypical development" (Horovitz & Matson, 2011). The
study described the impact of missing milestones as it relates to cognitive and physical development in
infants and toddlers with cognitive developmental disabilities.
The research concentrated on 162 Infants and toddlers' developmental milestones.
Down Syndrome (n = 26)
Cerebral Palsy (n = 19)
Global Developmental Delay (n = 22)
Premature Birth (n = 66)
Seizure Disorder (n = 29)
The results of the study.
Toddlers in the Seizures Disorder (n = 29) group began crawling at a significantly younger age than
toddlers in the Down Syndrome (n = 26) and Cerebral Palsy (n = 19) groups.
Toddlers in the Seizure Disorder (n = 29) group started walking at a younger age than children in the
Down Syndrome ( n = 26), Cerebral Palsy (n = 19), and Global Developmental Delay (n =22) groups.
Toddlers in the Prematurity Birth (n = 66) group began walking at a younger age than children in the
Down Syndrome (n = 26) group.
No between-group differences found concerning the age at which first words were spoken.
Source: Developmental milestones in toddlers with atypical development. Research in Developmental
Disabilities
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References:
Developmental milestones record: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 24, 2020,
from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002002.htm
Horovitz, M., & Matson, J. L. (2011). Developmental milestones in toddlers with atypical development.
Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2278–2282. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.039
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