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Knowledge management, intellectual capital and entrepreneurship: a structured literature review
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze within the knowledge management (KM) stream the relationship between KM and intellectual capital (IC) and entrepreneurship (E). IC is a pivotal intangible resource to firms to generate knowledge. Knowledge and information are strategic for today’s company life. IC is generated and dynamically recombined by knowledge, produces knowledge and is feed by knowledge itself, both codified and tacit. For those reasons, the paper is motivated to understand how IC can represent valuable knowledge and how it can turn into innovation, through KM and practices. It is also voted to stimulate literature on understanding how innovation can serve E capabilities for firms’ business models, as innovation is not necessarily linked to a technological breakthrough. IC is functional to KM practices, as entrepreneurs can use IC and knowledge as a strategic management toolbox to innovate.
Design/methodology/approach
The main aim of the paper is to understand the state of the art on these central issues in KM literature. The paper uses a structure literature review (SLR) methodology, gathering papers by Scopus database for the period 2000–2019, on the relationship between KM and IC and E. The second aim is to understand for future research how do managers use IC as an opportunity to innovate and as a vehicle to transfer knowledge. The authors wondered about the qualification/quantification of “knowledge” as a crucial component of IC, which is in turn the riskier, but the more representative, a component of intangibles assets in the era of knowledge.
Findings
As for the first research question, the findings show that, actually, as the research has been started, IC, KM and E are still engaged separately by scholars, even if few efforts to match them together have been performed. The results depict a general fragmented and unsystematic vision of the relationship between the three topics. As for the future of the research about these topics, the authors found that scholars should catch the opportunity to go beyond the traditional theoretical mainstream on these issues. There is an urge to move the focus of KM and IC research toward new models of their interconnection, by including the social capital, namely, knowledge capabilities (explicit or not), etc., which are able to turn knowledge in innovation and competitive advantage, from an accounting perspective (recognizing IC’s components affecting the performance of firms, among which knowledge is the most important) and from a theoretical point of view (reducing the misalignment between the epistemological concept of KM requirements and the effective perception of organizational KM activities to extract value from KM initiatives).
Research limitations/implications
The results, even if suffering from some limitations due to the performing of the methodology, offers several implications for academic research. The future of KM of the IC resources is clearly likely to lie on the recognition of the component of knowledge, as well as on the recognizing of new forms of social capital such as entrepreneurial capital, which is connected to innovation and creativity and firm value. An integrative framework of IC measurement should be built to link IC with KM and E. This is to guarantee that the measurement of IC does contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of KM.
Practical implications
Practical contribution to accounting perspective. In fact, the relations between these three topics could be highly beneficial to validate, in the dynamic societies and organizations, how it is important the entrepreneur’s learning process and its content is fundamental in the quest for new business opportunities/innovations, stated that learning is a crucial factor for entrepreneurial activity and has a structural impact on business models of industrial organizations. The difficulty to recognize in the balance sheet human capital relation could be limited by the introduction of the component of KM practices codification and E attitude and influence to operate this transformation of human capital in organized structural capital. The authors would not give the solution to that problem. The authors just want to address the discussion.
Social implications
The inspiring conclusion from previous studies is to think in a new way at the role of knowledge-based IC in organizational E. Starting from the assertion that knowledge-based process of innovation and E are linked, it can be tested, also from case studies help or empirical application that organizations with a pleasant level of IC are more likely to be more innovative and in conclusion, have a higher market value.
Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is to afford for the first time, to the best knowledge, an SLR on the interaction in literature among KM, IC and E, simultaneously, to understand where literature research actually is focusing and to lead future thoughts, at a managerial level, toward the interacting implications of KM and IC on value creation by innovation, which is one stream E literature. Although recently scholars have been concerning more empirically about the relationship between KM, IC and E, they are more focused on theoretical aspects than about new ways to look at IC. The future of KM and IC research is clearly likely to lie on the recognition of the component of knowledge, as well as recognizing new forms of social capital such as entrepreneurial capital, which is connected to innovation and creativity. An integrative framework of IC measurement through KM should be built to link IC measurement with KM. This is to guarantee that measurement of IC does contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of KM practices.
... Aboobaker (2020) advises that business success requires rigorous training to increase entrepreneurial competition in the market. Meanwhile, empirical studies revealed that among the factors critical to success are management experience, industry experience, economic conditions, and planning skills (Elia et al., 2020;Paoloni et al., 2020). Therefore, skills are essential to entrepreneurship and must be present in every mumpreneur to succeed (Khan et al., 2019). ...
... With this advantage, mumpreneurs will have more opportunities to promote their products and acquire potential customers more easily through cyberspace networks, electronic mail, and social media, such as blogs, Facebook, and Instagram (Elia et al., 2020). Paoloni et al. (2020) explained that entrepreneurs need information, capital, skills, and workforce to start business activities. This notion is supported by Hanifah et al. (2022), who revealed that entrepreneurs generally have the ability and skills to form good human relationships and determine customer needs. ...
... In addition, the enabling factors of mumpreneurship include internal and external factors such as mindset, attitude, personality, competencies, government and agency support, and high-quality products and services. Factors such as entrepreneurial thinking, skills, support system, and attitudes need to be improved holistically and strategically to reduce their dependence on government support and be able to be independent in managing business to guarantee mumpreneurs obtain entrepreneurial success (Elia et al., 2020;Paoloni et al., 2020). Mumpreneurs with high enthusiasm will continue to look for opportunities to boost their business level (Paoloni et al., 2020). ...
In Malaysia, women catalyze the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are increasingly important in maintaining economic growth and providing employment opportunities. The field of entrepreneurship is very dependent on the formation of individual capabilities in the business being undertaken, and these capabilities are significantly influenced by several restraining and enabling factors. This article explores the restraints and enablers that affect the business performance of managers from the Dapur Mawar project. A total of 15 mumpreneurs were involved in this study, selected through a purposive sampling technique. This study used semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study reveals several restraining factors: financial problems, societal stigma, and an imbalance between work and life. Meanwhile, the enabling factors include both internal and external elements, such as mindset, attitude, personality, competencies, government and agency support, and high-quality products and services. Overall, this study provides essential input on the factors that could determine the failure or success of a mumpreneur in their entrepreneurial activities. The findings proved that internal and external factors could play an essential role in the success of a mumpreneur.
... The nature of competitive advantage Dynamic Capabilities (Williamson,P.J., 2016), (Čirjevskis,A., 2017), (Costa, J.H.P., Pereira, Y.V., 2019), (Alomari, K, et al., 2023), ( (Pham, C.T.A, et al., 2022), (Popova, L.V., 2019), (Williamson, P.J., 2016), (Kovač, I Basić, A., 2020), (Karmanova, T.E, et al., 2018), (Paoloni, M, et al., 2020) Red Competitive Advantage Strategy Sustainability (Dobrovolskienė,N.,Ta mošiūnienė, R., 2016), (Diez-Martin, F., et all., 2019), (Husgafvel, R., et al., 2018), (Girdwichai, L., et all., 2019), (Narayan, R., Tidström, A., 2020), (Acciarini, C., et al., 2022), (Korucuk, S., et al., 2023), (Villa, C.F.H., et al., 2022), (Fulconis, F., et al., 2019), ( Fulconis, F., et al., 2019), (Kotze, R., Hofmeyr, K., 2022) Social Capital (Alomari, K., et al., 2023), (Kotze, R., Hofmeyr, K., 2022) Circular Economy (Husgafvel, R. et all., 2018), (Fulconis, F., et al., 2019) Green Determinants (Liqi, Y. et all., 2023), (Mello, M.M.M, et al., 2021), (Wu, M., Kong, K. et al., 2021), (Khurshid, M.A., et al., 2022), (Barauskaite, G., Streimikiene, D., et all., 2021) • (Zheng, Q, et all., 2018), (Khurshid, M.A.et all, 2022) ...
... This research is designed based on SLR that tries to synthesise deal with a rapidly changing environment (Alomari, K, et al., 2023). Innovation allows companies to offer different products or services (Paoloni, M, et al., 2020). By linking dynamic capabilities and innovation, it will achieve a level of performance that can compete with other companies (Williamson, P.J., 2016;Borges, M.R., Bueno, J.M., 2020). ...
Context: Competitive advantage and the society 4.0 era have received increasing attention from the scientific and practitioner communities, with the two themes considered to be highly attractive avenues of topical research. Objective: The study addresses three objectives (1) common competitive advantage practices during the period 2016-2023 and (2) uncommon areas of competitive advantage practices in the research landscape during the society 4.0 era between 2016-2023, and (3) areas that need attention in future competitive advantage practices research. Method: A systematic literature review methodology in accordance with the Preperred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was utilised to address these objectives. Following predetermined article selection criteria, 52 articles were included from the Scopus database for review. Results: This study found gaps in implementing the latest innovation developments, such as green innovation which is still not widely used by companies when compared to innovation in general. In addition, digitalisation is also less of a concern in the research findings of competitive advantage in the society 4.0 era. This phenomenon can be investigated more deeply in future research or the Soci. Contribution: This article can be an additional reference for researchers who will research and elaborate on cognitive abilities in the era of disruption.
... Indeed, companies engage in both inner and outer knowledge acquisition to build IC, thereby enhancing innovation and the overall performance of the firm (Paoloni et al., 2020). IC, in turn, is created and reconfigured through knowledge. ...
Purpose-While green entrepreneurship has attracted growing attention, its connection to green innovation (GI) remains ambiguous. This study aims to examine the effect of green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) on GI and investigates the moderating role of intellectual capital (IC) in this relationship within the context of large manufacturing firms in Yemen, a less-developed country. Design/methodology/approach-A survey-based approach was employed to collect data from 177 managers of large Yemeni manufacturing firms. Hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS with PROCESS Macro was employed to test the hypothesized links. Findings-The results revealed that GEO positively influences GI, particularly through its dimensions of green product innovation (GProdI) and green process innovation (GProcI), with a higher effect on GProcI. Importantly, IC significantly moderates these relationships. Specifically, high IC amplifies the GEO-GProdI link but stabilizes the GEO-GProcI link, suggesting IC's dual role in fostering GI dimensions. Research limitations/implications-This study is constrained by its focus on a single country and its reliance on self-reported cross-sectional data. Future research could enhance generalizability by adopting longitudinal designs and exploring various geographical and economic settings to confirm these findings. Practical implications-The research demonstrated that a company's possession of IC is important to enhance the full potential of GEO to improve innovation performance. This finding is crucial for decision-makers facing the challenges of allocating resources optimally. Originality/value-By integrating GEO, IC and GI within the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) framework, this study advances the understanding of sustainability drivers in less-developed countries. It Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/2514-9342.htm highlights IC as a critical resource for leveraging GEO to enhance GI, providing actionable insights for managers and policymakers aiming to foster GI.
... In recent years, structured literature reviews have gained recognition in knowledge management research, as demonstrated by multiple publications in the leading journals of the discipline (Senivongse et al., 2017;Paoloni et al., 2020). For example, by following the structured literature review method, Massaro et al. (2016b) studied knowledge management in small and medium enterprises, Batista et al. (2017) discussed the relationship between knowledge management and innovation in large organizations, Grimaldi and Cricelli (2020) measured the value of patents, and Massaro et al. (2015) documented the state of public sector knowledge management. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to present a structured literature review of personality traits research in the context of knowledge behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 200 empirical articles published in knowledge management-centric journals and other journals indexed by Google Scholar were discovered and analyzed.
Findings
It was found that many knowledge management researchers are inadequately aware of the personality psychology literature. More than two-thirds of the proposed nomological networks exclude trait-relevant situational cues, without which the trait–behavior relationship may not exist. Consequently, their conclusions on the predictive power of many personality traits are contradictory and inconclusive. Particularly unclear is the role of the Big Five traits, performance-approach/avoidance goal orientation and personal motivation traits. Personality trait constructs cannot simply be blindly borrowed from the psychology literature and recklessly added to knowledge management causal models.
Practical implications
Journal editorial teams should declare a moratorium on publishing empirical studies in which researchers carelessly add personality trait constructs to their causal models without proper conceptualizing that uses relevant theories and cites the original sources. Practitioners need to exercise caution when applying the recommendations of the studies reporting the impact of employee personality traits on knowledge behavior. Organizations should favor employees possessing emotional intelligence, learning-approach goal orientation and prosocial cooperative value orientation – and avoid those with the Dark Triad traits. Managers should explore their workplace and understand what situational cues activate the desirable and undesirable personality traits of their workers.
Originality/value
This study draws the attention of various stakeholders of the knowledge management discipline to a vital, yet possibly derailed, research area.
... One of the most prominent is innovation, which includes not only the development of new products, but also innovation in the production process and management. Research by (Paoloni et al., 2020) emphasized that innovation is the main catalyst in maintaining competitiveness while supporting the sustainability of small and medium enterprises in the craft sector. The quality of human resources (HR) also received strong attention. ...
This study examines the determinants of Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Industries (SMEs) of crafts by highlighting the role of Digital Knowledge Management (DKM) as the main mediator in the digital era. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach referring to Kitchenham (2004) and PRISMA guidelines, 35 relevant articles were analyzed to identify key factors such as innovation, human resources, digitalization, and operational management that contribute to organizational performance. The findings show that DKM functions as a bridge connecting internal and external factors, strengthening organizational processes and driving long-term sustainability. This study also emphasizes the importance of digital knowledge management in supporting organizational adaptation to rapid changes in the business environment and increasingly fierce global competition. The practical implications of this study provide direction for SMEs to integrate DKM strategies into daily operations to improve effectiveness and competitiveness. These findings enrich the literature on knowledge management and Organizational Performance, especially in the context of developing countries. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the relationship between digital technology and business sustainability, opening up opportunities for the development of more adaptive and innovative policies and managerial practices.
... Besides increases engagement level, it also contributes to the strengthening of the culture's identification. This is in contrast to prior work that has focused on difficulties of enacting culturally sustaining pedagogy in contexts with reduced cultural density (Antony et al., 2021;Paoloni et al., 2020). Thus, this study contributes to the above-mentioned research gap and offers some ideas on how the concept of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy can be adjusted according to the given cultural context. ...
A research project investigates how Makassar primary schools integrate local cultural elements into their teaching practices and affects the student participation level as well as their learning outcomes and cultural skills acquisition. The research utilized a qualitative research design through teacher interviews and classroom observation sessions to determine how local culture and language along with practices get integrated into curricular content. The concept of culturally relevant teaching proves effective in student engagement as well as representing an essential element for social relationship development among generations. Restrictions emerged regarding proper integration of cultural material into national educational requirements while experts judged that additional backing along with teacher training would be vital. The present study delivers critical knowledge regarding culturally responsive education by examining an older system from a non-Western context to support teachers and educational administrators
... (ii) Analyzing the distinction between traditional productivity and SP from the perspective of workers reveals that traditional productivity is primarily associated with a workforce composed mainly of general laborers, whereas SP pertains to intellectual laborers [15]. In the context of DT, there is an increasing demand for higher levels of labor specialization. ...
The concept of sustainable development has fostered significant advancements in environmental protection. However, the exploration of enterprise sustainable productivity remains nascent. Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2022, this paper studies the impact of digital transformation on sustainable productivity. The marginal contribution includes: firstly, the framework of enterprise sustainable productivity is constructed and measured; secondly, it reveals the impact path from multiple aspects, such as innovation, human capital structure, financing constraints and operational efficiency, which enriches relevant literature; thirdly, in addition to robustness test, “broadband China” policy is used as an exogenous impact to verify the stability of the model; finally, from the perspective of enterprise ownership nature, scale and industry differences, the in-depth analysis is made to enhance the universality of the conclusion. Research finding that DT enhances SP through four key mechanisms: fostering innovation, optimizing human capital, easing financing constraints, and improving operational efficiency and the impact of DT on SP is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, large-scale enterprises, and service-oriented firms.
... With ongoing industrialization, social issues, climate change, and corporate governance have gradually become focal points of public concern [2]. Therefore, companies are increasingly being evaluated based on their environmental protection efforts, social responsibility practices, and governance structures. ...
Against the backdrop of global economic changes and rapid technological innovation, the sharing economy model is gradually transforming the operational mechanisms of traditional industries. However, some industries have experienced stagnation and recession during this transition, leading to market development constraints. The necessity of this study lies in filling the gap in the existing literature by conducting an in-depth analysis of the critical factors contributing to industrial stagnation and recession in the sharing economy. This study aims to provide concrete countermeasures for businesses and policymakers. The novelty of this research study lies in integrating multiple key variables affecting industrial development, including green production concepts, the circular economy, large-scale production, high-quality product demand driven by industrial automation, the sharing economy, and smart production. By employing multi-criterion decision-making methods, we quantitatively assess the impact of these factors more accurately. This study employs the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) model, integrating the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to form D&ANP for analytical research. Highly automated industries are selected as the research subjects. The DEMATEL technique is used to construct the Influential Network Relationship Map (INRM), while the ANP concept is incorporated to develop the D&ANP model. Through the D&ANP method, influential weights are calculated and combined with industry-specific assessments of the suitability of potential causes (or attributes) contributing to economic stagnation and recession to determine the average performance values for each industry. These values are further compared with benchmark suitability performance values to distinguish ideal and non-ideal conditions across industries facing economic stagnation and recession. The analysis results indicate that different industries are influenced by varying factors, requiring strategic adjustments based on their unique development environments. Accordingly, this study provides industry-specific recommendations to optimize business models and resource allocation, mitigate the risks of economic stagnation and recession, and promote sustainable industrial development and economic recovery. The findings of this study not only contribute to empirical research on the impact of the sharing economy on industrial development but also serve as a decision-making reference for businesses. By offering strategic insights, enterprises can better respond to market dynamics, enhance competitiveness, and ensure long-term stable growth.
... Long-term investments can help enterprises cultivate more high-quality talents and improve their internal management. These high-quality talents pay more attention to enterprise research and development and have a better understanding of digital technology, so they are more conducive to enterprise digitalization (Hou, 2023;Paoloni et al., 2020). Yet, internal governance capacity is the core element in promoting digitalization, and improving the internal governance capacity of enterprises can help them quickly identify and seize the opportunity to effectively integrate resources and promote digitalization (Chen, 2023;Li & Huang, 2024). ...
Environmental penalties play an important role in global environmental governance and are a major force driving enterprise environmental compliance. This study explores the impact of environmental penalties on enterprise digitalization based on the challenge-threat theory, involving empirical analysis of 2008 − 2020 panel data. The findings indicate an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between environmental penalties and enterprise digitalization. First, the inflection point of environmental penalties is 4.775. When the intensity of environmental penalties is below 4.775, an increase in environmental penalties has a positive effect on enterprise digitalization. Conversely, when the intensity is above 4.775, an increase in environmental penalties has a negative effect on enterprise digitalization. This means that for enterprises with locations with environmental penalties below 4.775, their decision makers can enjoy the positive effects of environmental penalties; for enterprises with locations with environmental penalties above 4.775, their decision makers will need to adopt a hedging mechanism to mitigate the negative effects of environmental penalties. Second, the impact of environmental penalties on enterprise digitalization can be described as a double effect: the facilitating effect lies in the fact that cash flow volatility is detrimental to enterprise digitalization, and environmental penalties reduce enterprise's cash flow volatility, thus facilitating digitalization. The disincentive effect lies in the fact that long-term investment facilitates enterprise digitalization, and environmental penalties reduce long-term investment, thus disincentivizing enterprise digitalization. Third, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of environmental penalties on enterprise digitalization. In particular, there is a greater inflection point in environmental penalties for enterprises with dual leadership roles and registered in economically developed cities.
... The authors proposed that future research should study the role of innovation in the relationship between technology orientation and business performance. Paoloni et al. (2020) conducted a systematic literature review concerning the relationship between IC, knowledge management, and entrepreneurship and found that many studies in the field discuss the association between technology and innovation, as well as performance, but few papers are researching this relationship. ...
Purpose
Many authors have recognised multiple research gaps at empirical and theoretical levels regarding the interplay between the management of intellectual capital (IC) and the development of innovation capabilities from a strategic approach to technological opportunities, especially in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This paper endeavours to provide answers to some of these research questions by relying on empirical observations in the context of an emergent economy.
Design/methodology/approach
After reviewing the literature through the lenses of the IC and knowledge-based view, the paper operationalises IC as a formative construct and explores its relationships with Technological Orientation, Innovativeness and Innovative Performance. This investigation employs structural equation modelling to analyse data collected through a questionnaire from a sample of KIBS members in a cross-sectional study.
Findings
The research confirms the positive influence of human capital on a company’s Technological Orientation, which in turn impacts Innovative Performance in KIBS. Structural and relational capital positively affect Innovativeness and the latter directly impact performance. All other IC components were found to determine the dependent variables through a mediated effect.
Research limitations/implications
This research has several limitations. Firstly, it has to be stressed that the significance of the statistical findings is dependent on the sample size, and the results’ explanatory power and effect size cannot be extrapolated to other demographics in different regions or sectors. Secondly, it should be observed that the results of the empirical research can be affected by the respondents’ subjectivity in assessing the items and their perception of reality when providing the answers. Thirdly, this is a cross-sectional study, and results concerning, e.g. the Innovative Performance may be subject to change over a longer period of time, though items in this construct have inquired about results obtained over time. Finally, given the purpose of the research, the outcome may be limited to the research model design. Future research could attempt to replicate the results by investigating other demographics and other regions and by employing a longitudinal study.
Practical implications
The study highlights the value added by adequate management of all IC elements, as they affect the output of organisational business strategies and processes in an integrated manner. An organisational technological strategy that is based on up-to-date technologies, the embeddedness of technology in the organisational processes and the staff’s continuous technical/digital upskilling are conducive to competitive advantage and business success in KIBS. High competencies and skills that are continuously renewed through training as well as the acquisition of digital competencies, play an influential role in generating innovative capabilities that lead to business performance. Flexible and efficient business processes, the company’s support for informal knowledge sharing between employees and its ability to exploit new knowledge to sustain growth are prerequisites for KIBS’ success. Promoting an organisational culture of trust and collaboration, making the staff feel valued and satisfied and effectively using digital technologies for communication are all significant factors in supporting the development of innovation capabilities.
Social implications
This research proves that IC management, viewed as an integrated construct comprising human, structural and relational capital management, significantly affects Innovativeness through the development of technology-based innovative capabilities. Furthermore, in a context where KIBS (and other companies) nowadays compete in a digital environment, technology and technical knowledge are paramount for a company’s success. The study validates in an aggregated model the role played in innovation by the management of knowledge and technical knowledge embodied in the employees’ competencies and know-how, the management of tacit and explicit knowledge developed by the structural capital and the management of stakeholder knowledge accumulated by the relational capital.
Originality/value
This research takes a fresh and comprehensive perspective to investigate how IC management can impact Innovativeness and Innovative Performance in KIBS by focusing on the nexus with the organisations’ Technological Orientation. The paper makes an original contribution to research concerning IC, KIBS, technology and innovation based on empirical evidence and a new approach to assessing IC as an aggregate rather than by looking at individual components.
... These practices equip individuals with the necessary tools and perspectives to apply their knowledge innovatively, thereby fostering entrepreneurship. Research by Paoloni et al. (2020) suggests that entrepreneurial orientation drives research activities, which are further amplified by knowledge creation. Faculty actively engaging in research activities benefit from the knowledge transfer process, which enhances their entrepreneurial capabilities. ...
The primary objective of the current study is to examine the role of attributes associated with perceived entrepreneurial orientation in influencing knowledge creation and perceived entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the mediating role of knowledge creation in the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial orientation and perceived entrepreneurial intentions. Faculty members from public and private sector universities were selected as the unit of analysis, with a final sample of 392 participants obtained through simple random sampling to investigate the relationships among the latent constructs. The findings reveal that attributes such as unconventionality, research mobilization, industrial collaboration, and supportive university policies significantly and positively predict perceived entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the results indicate that perceived entrepreneurial orientation significantly and positively influences perceived entrepreneurial intentions among faculty members. The study also establishes a significant positive relationship between perceived entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge creation. Furthermore, the findings confirm that knowledge creation is significantly and positively associated with perceived entrepreneurial intentions. Importantly, knowledge creation is found to mediate the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial orientation and perceived entrepreneurial intentions, highlighting its pivotal role in fostering entrepreneurial activity among university faculty members. This study provides valuable policy implications and insights for faculty members, universities, policymakers, and regulatory authorities. It underscores the importance of fostering an entrepreneurial culture within academic institutions through targeted policies and practices that enhance knowledge creation and entrepreneurial orientation. Future research directions are also outlined, encouraging further exploration of these constructs in different contexts and among diverse populations.
... Intellectual capital includes knowledge assets that create income and boost competitiveness (Garcia-Perez et al., 2020; Rehman et al., 2022). It also includes technology skills and professional knowledge (Paoloni et al., 2020). Intellectual capital helps the organization achieve CA and offers value. ...
This study aims to investigate, with eye on mediating function of knowledge sharing among construction workers, the association among transactional leadership and intellectual capital three dimensions. The study examines how transactional leadership, characterized by task-oriented guidance and performance-based rewards, influences the development of intellectual capital in construction organizations, particularly through the facilitation of knowledge sharing. The research follows a descriptive design with a causal model and is applied in terms of its purpose. It also employs a field research approach for data collection. The target population consists of employees from various construction companies. A sample size of 268 participants was determined, and data was gathered through a questionnaire, which was validated and tested for reliability before distribution. To analyze the data and examine the proposed relationships, SEM using LISREL software was employed. The findings of this study indicate that transactional leadership contributes to the enhancement of intellectual capital. Additionally, the impact of knowledge sharing serves as a mediator between transactional leadership and the various components of intellectual capital. These findings suggest that transactional leadership is essential for construction companies to promote knowledge exchange and intellectual capital growth. The research offers insightful information that can be useful to leaders in the construction sector who are looking to enhance performance by utilizing transaction leadership techniques that enhance knowledge sharing processes.
... A ligação da mensuração do capital intelectual com a prática uma vez que, se faz necessário consolidar estruturas teóricas e modelos de medição para estudar o capital intelectual nacional a fim de comparar resultados com implicações práticas (Švarc et al., 2021). Estrutura integrativa entre CI, gestão do conhecimento e empreendedorismo Estudos futuros devem buscar desenvolver uma estrutura integrativa de mensuração de capital intelectual para ligar o capital intelectual com a gestão do conhecimento e o empreendedorismo de maneira a garantir que a medição de capital intelectual contribua para a eficiência e eficácia da gestão do conhecimento (Paoloni et al., 2020). Capital Humano e investigador principal ...
Esta pesquisa promoveu uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa das publicações referentes ao reconhecimento contábil do capital intelectual, dentre os anos de 2010 e 2020. A pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, e utilizou o método bibliométrico para coleta e análise dos dados. Foram analisados 272 artigos selecionados a partir de uma coleta em duas bases de dados: Scopus e Web of Science. Por meio da análise realizada, evidenciou-se que as publicações sobre o tema focam principalmente em aspectos relacionados a divulgação do capital intelectual, mais especificamente do capital humano. O ano com maior número de publicações foi o de 2020, indicando que o tema tem aumentado o interesse da pesquisa realizada nesta área. O maior número de publicações sobre o tema foi divulgado no Journal of Intellectual Capital. A análise qualitativa dos dados revelou diversas oportunidades de pesquisa sobre o tema, que podem ser agrupadas em três principais abordagens, sendo estas: (i) evidenciação do capital intelectual, (ii) mensuração do capital intelectual, e (iii) antecedentes e consequentes do capital intelectual. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a necessidade de realização de novas pesquisas sobre o tema, de modo que seja possível expandir o conhecimento existente sobre o capital intelectual, para além de aspectos relacionados a evidenciação contábil.
... Self-achievement, self-fulfilment, prestige, and financial independence are pulling motivation factors (Ahl, 2006;Naser et al., 2009;Poggesi et al., 2016;Ruda et al., 2021). Indeed, even innovative women entrepreneurs face such issues traditionally linked to the female entrepreneurial journey; therefore some authors have highlighted the importance of promoting entrepreneurship education, encouraging the development of human capital suitable for successful entrepreneurship (Khatami et al., 2022;Murray & Palladino, 2021;Paoloni et al., 2020) with the aim of supporting female initiatives and improving the ability of women entrepreneurs to succeed, for example taking advantage of work flexibility and access to specific public funds (Poggesi et al., 2024). Huq and Venugopal (2021) highlight how important it is for female refugee entrepreneurs initially to feel drawn rather than pushed toward entrepreneurship and thus it is better to leverage elements of identity and self-efficacy. ...
Gender equality represents a priority goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Women everywhere run significant businesses, generating positive impacts on society. However, they still face numerous obstacles to starting and sustaining entrepreneurial activities. Extant literature, while increasingly acknowledging the importance of women’s entrepreneurship, often overlooks the nuanced differences between aspirant and experienced female entrepreneurs. This study aims to address this gap by adopting a micro perspective and examining the commonalities and differences in the drivers and barriers to entrepreneurship among aspirant and experienced women entrepreneurs in Italy. Through semi-structured interviews conducted between September and December 2022, this exploratory study sheds light on the factors influencing women’s entrepreneurial endeavors in a developed economy. We identified seven main themes: knowledge as gap for both, the role of technology, external support, socio-cultural background, network ties, territory concern, and personal dimension. Findings underscore the importance of understanding diverse backgrounds, motivations, and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, offering insights for academic research. While at a general level factors and barriers are similar, at a micro level there are differences that could jeopardize both the success of this path in the start-up phase and its survival in the long term. The study also offers valuable practical implications by highlighting that women entrepreneurs should focus on idea validation, financial resources, networking, knowledge, and cultural stereotypes. At a policy level, tailored support strategies are recommended, including streamlined funding application processes and targeted training initiatives as well as measures to reduce socio-cultural barriers.
... In this study, POWER review model (Rana et al., 2022(Rana et al., , 2023 and structured review approach (Reiter, 2018) is adopted for identifying relevant papers and extracting key information on copreneurs. Similar review approach on entrepreneurial research paper has been adopted previously (Alhajri & Aloud, 2024;Kraus et al., 2020;Paoloni et al., 2020;Vaska et al., 2021). This study contributes to the copreneurial literature by identifying six themes that emerged from the four decadal reviews. ...
The study defines copreneurs and presents a four decadal review on copreneurial literature. The purpose is to bring conceptualization and characterization of copreneurs, on surface from its fragmented literature. A structured literature review on copreneurship research published between 1984 and 2023 is conducted. The search is made adopting indexing (Scopus, Clarivate and ABDC), digital libraries including ProQuest and EBSCO, and research articles published in journals by renowned publishers namely Elsevier, Emerald, Inderscience, Sage, Springer, Taylor & Francis and Wiley. Inclusion/exclusion criteria was defined and duplicates were eliminated. Finally, using POWER review model, the existing literature is organized under six themes namely Gender Roles, Spousal Support & Relationship Satisfaction, Work Life Balance, Business Commitment & Motivation, Leadership & Decision Making and Division of Labour & Responsibilities in the Intertwined Worlds. Using Inter- Rater Reliability, five definitions of copreneurs were framed and rated by nine experts from academics and industry. Finally, the definition with highest score and acceptable I-CVI value for simplicity & clarity is proposed. The fragmented literature on copreneurs speaks volume about the need for more impactful research on them. By using the proposed definition of copreneurs, scholars can uniformly identify the copreneurs, with future opportunities for micro-level research on copreneurs. Policy makers can utilise the findings of these research and formulate schemes, policies & programmes for betterment of copreneurs. The study intends to bridge the disciplinary gaps existing for identifying copreneurs and serve as a foundation for information sharing, regarding copreneurs and their entrepreneurial practices.
... Entrepreneurs learn from past failures and build resilience and social capital, which help them to manage future crises, the finding supporting the importance of IC for entrepreneurial firms (Espinoza-Benavides and Guerrero, 2024). Paoloni et al. (2020) perceives entrepreneurship, knowledge management, and IC management as important for sustainable success in a changing environment, stressing the role of IC in improving entrepreneurship performance. Human capital, as a component of IC, is a driver of successful entrepreneurship, enabling growth, innovation, and competitive advantage (Murray and Palladino, 2021). ...
Purpose
This paper analyses the role of intellectual capital (IC) as a factor of the financial performance of entrepreneurial firms, which are recognized as the main drivers of economic growth and employment.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 188 business owners from Serbia. The primary data are collected using the questionnaire, while the secondary data come from the annual financial statements of their companies. The elements of IC as independent variables are grouped into three components: human, structural and relational capital; sales revenue and operating profit CAGR (5y) are used as dependent variables, while company size and industry type are used as control variables. Statistical analysis involves factor and regression analyses.
Findings
The results reveal that IC components contribute to the long-term financial performance of entrepreneurial firms. Specifically, the following elements have positive effects on financial performance: knowledge of the entrepreneur, process improvement and organisational culture. On the other hand, entrepreneurs’ social skills and tenacity were found to have a negative impact on revenue and operating profit growth, while support from informal networks had a negative effect on the growth of sales revenue.
Originality/value
This study aims to fill a gap in the literature on the impact of IC on the financial performance of entrepreneurial firms.
... This includes allocating budgets for organizational research and development, encouraging cross-border collaboration, recognizing and rewarding research achievements, and enhancing overall performance. Effective Management ensures that the intellectual capital within the organization is fully utilized and aligned with organizational developmental goals (Paoloni et al., 2020). Organizations should create a working atmosphere that encourages research, creativity, and innovation. ...
Institutions actively seek global talent to foster innovation in the contemporary landscape of scientific research, education, and technological progress. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of international collaboration as researchers and academicians faced limitations in accessing labs and conducting research experiments. This study uses a research collaboration system to examine the relationship between organizational intellectual capital (Human and structural Capital) and team scientific and technological performance. Further, this study underscores the moderating role of top management support. Using a time-lagged study design, data were collected from 363 participants in academic and research institutions. The results show a positive relationship between organizational intellectual capital (Human and structural Capital) and team scientific and technological performance using a research collaboration system. Moreover, top management support positively moderates the study’s hypothesized relationships. The study’s findings contribute significantly to existing knowledge in this field, with implications for academia, researchers, and government focused on technology transmission, talent management, research creative collaboration, supporting innovation, scientific research, technological progress, and preparing for future challenges.
... To the author's knowledge, there is no previous research that maps how researchers treat intellectual capital in accounting research. Research that conducted systematic reviews in the past discussed other topics, for example, the issue of sustainability (Alvino et al., 2021;Minoja & Romano, 2021;Secundo et al., 2020;De Villiers & Umesh, 2020), health issues (Huang et al., 2021;Pflugfelder, 2021), knowledge management, entrepreneurship (Bamel et al., 2022), the impact of intellectual capital in two decades (Paoloni et al., 2020), and business models (Baima et al., 2020). ...
This research aims to discuss how intellectual capital issues are treated in accounting research. This study answered research questions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 367 peer-reviewed articles in Business Management and Accounting (BMA). A detailed search was done using the publish or perish version 8 search engine. It selected the Scopus database through the “intellectual capital” keyword. The database was filtered to articles published from 2017–2021. This study selected samples using several criteria. First, the article titles should be related to intellectual capital. After that, the article is published in a peer-reviewed journal that is not discontinued. Finally, the subject matter is BMA. Most research on intellectual capital placed this topic as an independent variable at 44.14% of the total articles. Some others used it as a systematic review (21.25%), a dependent variable (13.08%), an intervening/mediating variable (7.08%), and a moderating variable (0.27%). Meanwhile, the rest employed intellectual capital as descriptive research without conducting any testing. This research is the first to map how intellectual capital is treated in accounting research.
... The evidence obtained from the research shows that the profitability of the company is affected by various factors such as the size of the company, the competitiveness of the company and the mechanisms of corporate governance. However, in previous researches, the role of complying with international business standards or ISO in improving the company's profitability has not been considered (Paoloni et al., 2020;Razmara et al., 2022). ...
Improving productivity is one of the important solutions for ensuring economic growth and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in many successful countries which has played an important role in achieving of their production growth. On the other hand, the development of the stock exchange is considered one of the crucial tools for achieving sustainable economic growth and increasing productivity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the acceptance of companies in the stock exchange on the technical efficiency (productivity) of the said companies. In this regard, 156 companies active in the stock exchange of Indonesia during the past 3 years and after the admission to the stock exchange have been determined. The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management and economic productivity, and knowledge management can improve the efficacy and knowledge productivity up to 15% and 20%, respectively. The economic productivity of knowledge-based projects is effective and has a direct relationship.
... Raising on the strong foundations built by pioneers of the area, the IC research went through various stages of development for its conceptualization and measurement (Alvino et al., 2020;Bellucci et al., 2020;Crupi et al., 2020;Lin & Edvinsson, 2020;Paoloni et al., 2020;Bilgin, 2021). ...
Purpose
Recently, machine learning (ML) methods gained popularity in finance and accounting research as alternatives to econometric analysis. Their success in high-dimensional settings is promising as a cure for the shortcomings of econometric analysis. The purpose of this study is to prove further the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) efficiency and firm performance using ML methods.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used the double selection, partialing-out and cross-fit partialing-out LASSO estimators to analyze the IC efficiency’s linear and nonlinear effects on firm performance using a sample of 2,581 North American firms from 1999 to 2021. The value-added intellectual capital (VAIC) and its components are used as indicators of IC efficiency. Firm performance is measured by return on equity, return on assets and market-to-book ratio.
Findings
The findings revealed significant connections between IC measures and firm performance. First, the VAIC, as an aggregate measure, significantly impacts both firm profitability and value. When the VAIC is decomposed into its breakdowns, it is revealed that structural capital efficiency substantially affects firm value, and capital employed efficiency has the same function for firm profitability. In contrast to the prevalent belief in the area, human capital efficiency’s impact is found to be less important than the others. Nonlinearities are also detected in the relationships.
Originality/value
As ML tools are most recently introduced to the IC literature, only a few studies have used them to expand the current knowledge. However, none of these studies investigated the role of IC as a determinant of firm performance. The present study fills this gap in the literature by investigating the effect of IC efficiency on firm performance using supervised ML methods. It also provides a novel approach by comparing the estimation results of three LASSO estimators. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that has used LASSO in IC research.
... Under knowledge-based view (KBV), in growth-oriented SMEs, ownermanagers act as key knowledge gatekeepers, blending learning capability with business challenges to drive growth (Paoloni et al., 2020). Recognizing innovation as vital for survival, organizations increasingly integrate administrative innovations into their routines, ensuring the regular use of new programs and systems across various processes. ...
This study, drawing on the Knowledge-Based View (KBV) and Contingency Theory, explores how analyzer strategic orientation, learning capability, technical innovation, administrative innovation, and SME growth and learning effectiveness are interrelated. Analyzing cross-sectional data from 407 founders, cofounders, and managers of trade and service SMEs in Vietnam’s Southeast Key Economic Region through PLS-SEM, the research demonstrates that analyzer orientation positively impacts both technical and administrative innovation, thereby bolstering SME growth and learning effectiveness. However, learning capability does not significantly impact technical innovation or growth and learning effectiveness. Instead, learning capability negatively affects administrative innovation. Notably, technical and administrative innovations act as mediators between analyzer orientation and SME growth and learning effectiveness. The study provides practical insights tailored for SMEs navigating dynamic market environments like Vietnam, enriching theoretical understanding of SME strategic management within the trade and service sector.
... ¿Cómo Aplicar el Aprendizaje al Puesto de Trabajo? Durante las últimas dos décadas, ha habido un notable incremento en la investigación sobre la transferencia efectiva del conocimiento hacia las organizaciones, especialmente desde la perspectiva del desarrollo de los recursos humanos (Wuryaningrat et al. 2024;Qinfeng, Z., 2023;Paoloni et al. 2020). Diversos estudios han explorado este fenómeno en una amplia gama de organizaciones, tanto del sector público como privado. ...
La transferencia del aprendizaje en la Administración Pública es esencial para la gestión de recursos humanos, ya que implica la aplicación en el trabajo de los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos durante la formación. Este estudio investiga los factores que influyen en dicha transferencia tras la finalización de cursos de formación laboral. Los objetivos específicos son: a) comprender el proceso de transferencia al entorno laboral; b) identificar los elementos de los cursos que facilitan o dificultan esta transferencia; y c) reconocer las características de los participantes y del entorno que afectan la transferencia. Dada la creciente importancia de la formación en la Administración Pública, este estudio teórico busca profundizar en la evaluación de la formación y su impacto en la calidad de la gestión pública. Una mejor comprensión de este proceso permitirá a directivos, formadores y funcionarios optimizar la formación, mejorar los resultados y, en última instancia, elevar la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos.
... Intellectual capital comprises employees' knowledge, experience, skills, business culture, databases, company reputation, and relations with business partners (Su, 2014). Intellectual capital is the complete worth of intangible resources of an association, it contains human capital, but it also goes over them (Paoloni et al., 2020). Tangible and intangible capital helps an organization grow by providing the funds it needs to generate more revenue (Corrado et al., 2020;Soewarno & Tjahjadi, 2020). ...
Intellectual capital is an economic category that includes tangible and intangible elements crucial for achieving and maintaining competitiveness in the modern travel market. Intellectual capital arises from the application of knowledge to create new value. Business performance includes all the company's effects in various aspects of business in a certain period. The paper's subject is to analyze intellectual capital's impact on performance in the travel industry. The article aims to examine whether the components of intellectual capital affect business performance in the travel industry and, if it does, what form and strength these influences have. The sample included 144 respondents from companies involved in the travel industry in the Republic of Serbia. The research results show a statistically significant impact on business performance in the travel industry for all intellectual capital components. The research results are comparable to the results on the same topic worldwide. The results can help travel companies better recognize the essentials of intellectual capital and its components and manage human resources adequately and efficiently to expand business performance in the travel industry. S a ž e t a k
... Companies' body of scientific knowledge can function as a lever for innovation, as this knowledge can result in the generation of new technologies, products, and services (Paoloni et al., 2020;Temouri et al., 2020). In the case of KIE, the accumulation of these capabilities is key to achieving superior performance levels due to their innovative orientation, an aspect that entails exploring the frontiers of knowledge domains (Adams et al., 2016;Andersson and Lööf, 2012;Hottenrott and Richstein, 2020). ...
... What do we teach? We teach students that we operate in turbulent markets and ambiguous worlds full of liquid threats and challenges for the future; we tell them that we live in the knowledge economy (Paoloni et al., 2020) and in the age of intangibles (Crouzet et al., 2022). Therefore, for them, a discipline like accounting, which has made recognition and control its raison d'être, loses its appeal and meaning and ends up looking like a purely technical, aseptic, pedantic, boring and uncool discipline (Ellis, 2022). ...
Purpose
This paper presents a critical examination of the contemporary state of the accounting discipline and poses the question of its future trajectory. The aim of the study is to show that the path to be followed is the one traced by the masters of the discipline, which lies in the wake of the rediscovery of social and moral values and shared value.
Design/methodology/approach
Study of the conceptual nature of research topic, that is, the discipline of accounting, in an intertemporal exploration through some selected theoretical constructs.
Findings
There is no need for a new accounting science with new paradigms, but only for a recovery of the social and moral values of accounting that have lain dormant during the dusty centuries of human history.
Research limitations/implications
The study does not provide an extensive analysis of the evolution of accounting history.
Practical implications
The recovery of the social and ethical dimension will not only make accounting more attractive to young students but will also have a medium-term impact on the profession, freeing it from the stereotypes of an unexciting and aseptic discipline. This broadening of scope and momentum inspires the engagement of academics, practitioners, experts and policymakers in confronting and proactively addressing the complex challenges that the world faces today, toward the United Nations 2030 Agenda and beyond.
Originality/value
This historical paper’s originality lies in its intertemporal perspective.
... Additionally, prior research in various industries revealed a favorable correlation between green intellectual capital and business outcomes; however, the researchers know very few studies in the healthcare industry (Anik & Sulistyo, 2021;Yadiati et al., 2019). For example, Paoloni et al. (2020) exposed that the essentials of intellectual capital, particularly relational and human capital, have yet to receive much attention in the healthcare industry. This was the result of a systematic literature study encompassing 225 publications. ...
Background: In the contemporary healthcare environment, managing human resources expertise is just as imperative as having the supreme amount of working capital. Every business must constantly build its capacity, expertise, and competitive edge by utilizing its intellectual property and experience. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between green intellectual capital and organizational competitive advantage among nurses. Methods: The study employed a descriptive correlational design among 350 nurses selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2023 to June 2023 using the Organizational Competitive Advantage Scale and the Green Intellectual Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results: Most nurses had a moderate level of green intellectual capital (Mean = 3.60, SD = 0.27). The overall mean score for organizational competitive advantage was moderate (Mean = 3.34, SD = 0.34). The overall score of the green intellectual capital (r = 0.257, p <0.001) and its dimensions⎯green human capital (r = 0.257, p <0.05), green structure capital (r = 0.257, p <0.001), and green relational capital (r = 0.257, p <0.001)⎯had significant positive correlations with organizational competitive advantage. Conclusion: Being eco-friendly has become a determining factor in the organizational competitive advantage. The study highlights the significance of nursing management in establishing partnerships with external entities to share knowledge and advance sustainable healthcare methods. It advocates for assessing organizational environmental performance and its influence on competitive edge through creating metrics, monitoring progress, and utilizing data for decision-making. Healthcare and nurse administrators are advised to set performance benchmarks, track advancements, and integrate eco-friendly strategies to bolster the hospital's competitiveness in the market.
... The theoretical context shows that human and social capital is intrinsic capabilities developed by human beings through a process of maturation and cognitive and empirical learning. In addition, human capital is a link that helps generate intellectual capital, crucial resources for business management and new ventures (Paoloni et al., 2020). From a practical and empirical perspective, our findings reveal that the human and social capital of immigrant entrepreneurs are individual and collaborative capacities that indicate capacity for business management and break down obstacles to improve difficulties and financial statements that occur on a daily basis. ...
... For instance, it was shown in a literature review of sports event alliance organisations that organisation of sports events not only involves specialised knowledge of sports, but also includes the management of equipment, safety and security services, and other operational management knowledge. This highlights the complexity of knowledge and the significance of establishing effective knowledge management strategies in advance [16]. The application of technology and information systems has been proven to assist organisations to effectively manage intricate knowledge, thereby enhancing their project management ability [17]. ...
The purpose of this conference paper is to reveal the current state of seismic performance research on bamboo structural buildings based on a systematic literature review. The significant contribution by China to this domain is highlighted and the scarcity of knowledge management tools in the research of seismic performance for bamboo construction is emphasised. It is demonstrated that the most of the studies are of reconstituted bamboo, while there is relatively little research on raw bamboo. Although these studies unquestionably offer valuable references for establishing seismic standards for bamboo construction consistent with the Thai region, it is important to also consider the native resource conditions of Thailand. It is suggested in this paper that future research endeavours should involve the use of indigenous Thai bamboo materials for a deeper investigation, and that the SNA theory should be applied in order to pinpoint and assimilate expert knowledge within the realm of bamboo construction.
... Technology opportunities. This concept highlights the influence of factors such as iteration rate (Augustsson et al., 2019), innovation space and acquisition costs on a firm's digital transformation journey (Paoloni et al., 2020). Initially, digital technologies, now integral to economic and social frameworks, are blurring the lines of innovation stages and imparting a rapidly iterative nature to digitally enhanced products and services (Mathiasen and Clausen, 2019). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how enterprises can effectively perceive and use the digital opportunities brought about by digital technologies and dynamic environments and how they can enhance their capabilities to realize digital transformation and adapt to the development of the digital economy era.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the windows of opportunity theory and strategic cognition theory, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the questionnaire data of 268 enterprises and discusses the influence of external windows of opportunity and internal windows of opportunity on the digital transformation of enterprises, as well as the action mechanism of strategic cognition and entrepreneurship.
Findings
The results show that both the external windows of opportunity and the internal windows of opportunity have significant positive effects on the digital transformation of enterprises. Strategic cognition plays a partial mediating role in the external windows of opportunity and the internal windows of opportunity influencing the enterprise digital transformation process. Entrepreneurship plays a positive regulatory role in the process of external windows of opportunity and internal windows of opportunity influencing strategic cognition.
Originality/value
This paper deepens the relationship between internal and external windows of opportunity and enterprise digital transformation and contributes a new theoretical cognition. This paper integrates the strategic cognition theory to clarify the complex process mechanism of digital transformation using external situational opportunities and internal capabilities. This paper introduces entrepreneurship into the path mechanism of digital transformation and expands the characteristics of the study of digital transformation antecedents to the individual level within the enterprise.
... The first two steps proposed by Massaro et al. (2016) After formulating the questions, we define the research protocol, including sources used, search criteria, exclusion criteria and tools used for analysis. Scopus was chosen for the database search for its extensive indexing and coverage (Paoloni et al., 2020, Pflugfelder, 2021, Secundo et al., 2020. We searched Scopus for the simultaneous appearance of "intellectual capital" expression and "integrated reporting" in titles, abstracts, and keywords. ...
Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify new links between Integrated Reporting (IR) and Intellectual Capital (IC) fields, useful for sustainability and climate change disclosures with ISSB standards.
Theoretical Framework: The literature that has integrated IC and IR fields has been developed, mainly from the IC research perspective, addressing a wide range of thematic specializations that emerge when analyzing the research areas.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We developed a Structured Literature Review (SLR) of articles indexed in Scopus, which allowed us to build a specific analytical framework from emerging categories; we rely on AtlasTi and VOSviewer software.
Findings: We found that the literature converges towards the following research areas: Reviews and reflections on the IR framework as a means for IC disclosure; Proposals to improve the IR framework and IR disclosures through IR; The IR framework and definition, measurement, and management of IC within organizations; disclosures of CI in contexts of practical adoption of RI; Disclosure of IC through IR, its determinants, and effects.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: We identified the need to advance research under a performative approach, research on stakeholder satisfaction by revealing IC through IR and the relationship of IC with information related to sustainability in the new ISSB context. The paper identifies previously unexamined connections between IC and IR and proposes future avenues of research.
Originality/Value: This study raises the need for increased policy research to define a common language for presenting comparable IC information in ISSB sustainability reports. In addition, studies are needed to help identify IC information, other IR capital and metrics, which could represent material information for investors to assess sustainability-related risks and opportunities.
Purpose
The efficient use of intellectual capital and human resource knowledge is directly related to a company’s competitive value. This study aims to analyze property management (PM) strategies for managing the service quality of workplace facilities based on sustainability dimensions that contribute to the knowledge management (KM) system in India.
Design/methodology/approach
This study advances existing literature by incorporating sustainability dimensions into the traditional SERVQUAL framework for assessing workplace service quality, distinguishes itself from prior studies by adopting a postpandemic lens focused on the Indian IT sector and develops the novel PROP-QUAL model to enhance knowledge management among knowledge workers in IT workspaces.
Findings
The result of this research study is the property services model for KM in the IT industry. This model provides insights into how workplace service quality can enhance knowledge sharing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to human resource management strategies.
Originality/value
This paper distinguishes itself from prior studies, particularly Kaur and Solomon (2022), by expanding on the role of PM in knowledge worker productivity within IT firms, with a unique focus on sustainable dimensions and postpandemic workplace transformations. This study advances existing literature by integrating into the traditional SERVQUAL framework sustainability dimensions for assessment of workplace service quality; differentiating from prior studies itself through a postpandemic lens on the Indian IT sector; and developing the novel PROP-QUAL model to augment KM among knowledge workers in IT workspaces. The model demonstrates how the quality of property services meets the needs of knowledge workers in Indian IT companies for human resource management and provides knowledge-sharing procedures during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study empirically examines the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on firm value and aims to correct the misapprehension that intellectual capital (IC) is vital only for the knowledge-based sector. Using a comprehensive ICD framework, the annual reports of 76 listed Indian firms were analyzed over a period of 10 years from 2010–2011 to 2019–2020. Firm value was measured using market capitalization, and the findings from the pooled ordinary least squares model indicate a significant positive relationship between ICD and firm value in both knowledge-intensive and traditional manufacturing sectors. These results highlight the broader relevance of IC transparency in enhancing market valuation of two distinct sectors: knowledge-driven and physical capital-intensive firms. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that investors value ICD, underscoring the importance of greater transparency in corporate reporting to strengthen investor confidence and drive firm performance.
Purpose: The paper aims to explore how digital transformation is reshaping the management of intangible capital within organizations. It seeks to analyze the intellectual, social, and psychological capital roles as critical resources for ensuring organizational effectiveness, innovation, and sustainability in a dynamic digital economy. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a conceptual approach, synthesizing insights from recent theoretical frameworks and empirical studies to examine the interplay between digital transformation and intangible capital management. Key intellectual, social, and psychological capital elements are analyzed in the context of technological innovation, organizational processes, and employee behavior, highlighting their impact on strategic sustainability. Findings: The study reveals that digital transformation fundamentally alters the management and utilization of intangible capital. Intellectual capital benefits from enhanced knowledge- sharing platforms, automation, and artificial intelligence, which optimize organizational learning and innovation. Social capital evolves through new digital communication tools that strengthen collaboration within and beyond organizational boundaries. Psychological capital gains importance as a resource for managing stress, fostering resilience, and maintaining employee motivation amid rapid technological changes. Research limitations/implications: The conceptual nature of the research limits its empirical validation, suggesting the need for future studies to explore quantitative and qualitative evidence. Further research could investigate sector-specific dynamics of intangible capital management and the long-term effects of digital transformation on organizational competitiveness. Practical implications: The findings highlight actionable organizational strategies, such as investing in digital tools to enhance knowledge management, fostering digital communication to build social networks, and prioritizing employee well-being to sustain psychological capital. These practices can significantly improve productivity, innovation, and adaptability in the digital era. Social implications: By enhancing the effective management of intangible capital, organizations can foster inclusive and collaborative environments that benefit society. Strengthening intellectual and social capital contributes to community development, while prioritizing psychological capital improves workplace well-being, addressing broader social challenges like stress and mental health. Originality/value: The paper comprehensively examines intangible capital as a management resource in the digital age, integrating insights into intellectual, social, and psychological capital. It offers valuable guidance for academics and practitioners aiming to optimize organizational resources in the context of technological transformation. Keywords: management, intangible capital, intellectual capital, social capital, psychological capital. Category of the paper: Research paper.
The discussion around intellectual capital (IC) has centered on organizational renewal and innovation, and the significance of IC for the effective execution of the current business model has been relatively overlooked. In this chapter, we claim that IC is equally relevant for both strategic goals and construct dynamic models portraying the role of knowledge assets and knowledge flows in the production of cash flow and renewal. We suggest that the IC-based dynamics of cash flow and renewal production are based on three types of knowledge assets (energy, demand, and platform), which interact through three knowledge flows (reflection, dialogue, and offering). The difference between cash flow and renewal processes lies in the direction of the dynamic process. We suggest futurizing IC theory and practice through an improved acknowledgment of the current cash flow perspective and the dynamics among IC components. Furthermore, we argue that it would also be wise to adjust IC terminology to make it more intelligible to the general, non-scholarly audience.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of knowledge management, measured through a new disclosure index, on the financial performance of European listed banks. By developing the disclosure indicator, this paper analyzes the evolution over time of the level of disclosure of knowledge management. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the disclosure index and its role as a lever to improve banking performance.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is built upon different steps. First, this paper applies the content analysis research method on European listed banks, analyzing information from the annual reports to elaborate a disclosure-based indicator. Second, this paper performs a multiple regression between the indicator, banks’ efficiency, market-based measures and risk to detect the role of knowledge management in the different performance configurations.
Findings
Based on an analysis of European listed banks, the results have revealed that disclosure of knowledge management information is not a common practice, but a growing awareness is present. Furthermore, the adoption of the disclosure of these themes is positively associated with financial performance, in particular with profit measures and market-based measures. However, the findings cannot be extended to all performance configurations, highlighting a specific characterization of the impact of knowledge management disclosure.
Practical implications
Evidence contributes to extending the existing literature and drafting the state of the art of the quality and quantity of knowledge management information in the banks’ disclosure in the European scenario. The results confirm that the lack of a commonly accepted framework for knowledge reporting affects the quality and quantity of disclosure, failing to cover stakeholder needs. Policymakers can play a greater role in supporting knowledge management disclosure. This paper gives managers a metric to use to determine areas where knowledge practices and behaviors are well disclosed. This paper is a useful baseline for academics, practitioners and decision-makers to understand the effect on different areas of financial performance.
Originality/value
First, the originality of the findings derives from the need to establish an adequate knowledge disclosure measure. The work provides a starting framework for this measurement. Most of the studies conducted in this field have examined the effect on the bank’s overall performance or have focused only on intellectual capital. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first attempts to find empirical support for the role of knowledge management disclosure within European banks on financial performance. This study can also provide valuable insights and guidance for researchers and managers.
Purpose
This manuscript aims to focus on the evolution of management accountants’ (MAs) intellectual capital (IC) through the lenses of knowledge management (KM), emphasizing their knowledge, competencies and roles in the decision-making process for organizational success.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing 118 articles published between 1980 and 2023 in Scopus-indexed and ABS-ranked journals.
Findings
The analysis reveals that company size, country, uncertainty, sustainability and technology significantly influenced and will continue to impact MAs’ IC evolution, and, consequently, KM and strategic decision-making. However, the type of organization – public or private – was not found to have a significant influence. In addition, this paper profiles the evolution of MAs’ skills, which nowadays range from professional to methodological to soft. Finally, the authors define four MA role categories – scorekeeper, watchdog, business partner and hybrid. Both roles and skills turn out to be crucial to perform not only traditional accounting tasks, but also to provide support in the strategy formulation process.
Practical implications
By identifying the necessary roles and skills for MAs, this manuscript assists in identifying potential gaps that may threaten organizational success. Managers could use this framework to design skills or role development programs, enhancing the competence portfolio and role tasks within their management accounting teams.
Originality/value
This work bridges a critical research gap by investigating the evolving roles and skills of MAs, from 1980 to 2023, in various contexts, through the lenses of KM. It also highlights research trends and knowledge gaps in the management accounting field and provides valuable theoretical and practical implications, as well as future research directions.
This scoping review aimed to screen and enhance intellectual capital consistency, providing a general overview of existing systematised literature reviews of intellectual capital. This scoping review addressed five research questions: 1. How did the typology of publications, both theoretical and empirical, evolve considering the different stages of intellectual capital? 2. What are the milestone studies marking the beginning of the five stages of evolution of the intellectual capital framework? 3. How has the intellectual capital construct evolved? 4. What are the main streams of research on intellectual capital and how are they characterised? 5. What are the most relevant topics, gaps, and future trends in the field of intellectual capital? To answer the research questions, a scoping review was conducted following a search of the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The final search identified 78 full-text articles, published between 2005 and 2023. The evidence revealed the emergence of new topics and identified 13 clusters. We found evidence of the beginning of the fifth stage around 2018 due to the change in the research paradigm observed in this study and the development of new themes, such as innovation, digitalisation, knowledge, sustainability, and entrepreneurship, contributing to the ecosystem development of cities, regions, and nations. This pioneering scoping review systematised literature reviews about intellectual capital, providing important implications for theory, as it presents paths to follow and relevant indications for the evolving fifth stage of intellectual capital.
This Study aims to analyze the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Divident Payout Ratio (DPR) and Price to Book Value (PBV) on firm value in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using data for the period 2019 to 2023 as a sample, this study examines the relationship between these three financial ratios and firm value as measured by Price to Book Value (PBV). The analysis methods used are classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, descriptive statistics, coefficients of determinations, t test and f test to determine the significant effect of each variable on firm value.
Digital transformation has influenced economic and social development, creating new opportunities to enhance enterprises’ ESG performance. On the basis of sample data from 396 enterprises with ESG ratings in Bloomberg from 2017 to 2022, this empirical research explores the mechanism through which digital transformation affects ESG performance. The results show that digital transformation significantly improves ESG development. Every 1% increase in digital transformation corresponds to a 0.048% improvement in ESG performance. This effect is most pronounced in terms of the environmental aspects of ESG performance. Mechanism analysis reveals that the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance varies significantly across different levels of market competition and government subsidies. In addition, digital transformation is heterogeneous in its impact on ESG development. ESG performance in state-owned, industrial, and service enterprises is more sensitive to digital transformation. This research not only enriches and expands upon existing studies on the relationship between digital transformation and ESG performance but also offers a new perspective for promoting enterprise ESG improvement.
Проведено комплексний аналіз підходів до оптимізації та управління інтелектуальним капіталом у суднобудівних інжинірингових сервісах в умовах Індустрії 5.0. Досліджено основні компоненти інтелектуального капіталу та їхній вплив на конкурентоспроможність підприємств. Визначено сучасні технології проєктування, що вимагають високого рівня інтелектуальної спроможності. Доведено важливість ефективної взаємодії між людським, інформаційно-технологічним, організаційним та реляційним капіталом для досягнення стратегічних цілей підприємства. Розроблено класифікацію підприємств за рівнем інтенсивності використання інтелектуального капіталу. Досліджено основні виклики та ризики, з якими стикаються підприємства під час управління інтелектуальним капіталом в умовах Індустрії 5.0. Визначено необхідність створення ефективних механізмів управління цими ризиками.
Purpose
This study aims to present a qualitative analysis of how higher education institutions (HEIs) faculties manage knowledge to facilitate the learning and engagement of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative research design to collect responses from 39 HEI faculties to understand how they manage knowledge to facilitate learning in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Data collection tools comprised a set of predetermined questions, soliciting written responses.
Findings
Coding of the collected data confirmed that there was a knowledge management process in HEIs for enabling higher education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A total of six themes emerged, clarifying the knowledge management process. The four components of this process were creation, storage, sharing and use. In addition to the four process-related themes, two other themes that emerged were barriers to knowledge creation and supportive culture. This covers the relevant aspects of the set-up around the knowledge management process in HEIs trying to improve the higher education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Originality/value
There is a need to improve the education of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, which requires effective knowledge management. This paper reveals details of the steps in the knowledge management process relevant to this aim. This is a unique contribution, providing a basis for future research and the introduction of required knowledge management practices by HEIs dedicated to providing high-quality education to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Purpose
This paper evaluates intellectual capital (IC) within entrepreneurial environments, towards conceptualising the sequential role of education, its institutions in practice, and wider ecosystems. Well-established attributes of entrepreneurialism, such as idea generation, problem-solving, market expertise and risk awareness are commensurate to that of expected IC practices within enterprising organisations. However, scarce research has been undertaken concerning the confronting of IC practices and activities across collaborative, and sequential, multistakeholder partnerships and activities. This includes alignment to distinct stages of developmental entrepreneurialism inclusive of education and ecosystem support: knowledge exchange and training; mentoring the emergence of the start-up; strategically timing scale-ups; and continued navigation within networks while enduring change.
Design/methodology/approach
An integrative review of the relationship between IC, entrepreneurs and new ventures is undertaken to evaluate developmental IC practices as per this paper’s highlighted sequential stages, within entrepreneurial environments and organisational contexts.
Findings
Significant roles and responsibilities are evident among collaborative sectors, benefitting the entrepreneurial process and heightening the importance and emergence of IC within entrepreneurial environments. Exposure to enterprise-specific education and support emphasises the developmental human capital process of progressing and protecting ideas and ventures. Latterly, ecosystem engagement leads to consistent intrapreneurialism amongst employees and new venture partners, influencing structured IC systems and enterprising cultures and relational aspects of responsive branding of commercial activity and increased market agility.
Originality/value
Through presenting an attribute-based framework, this paper conceptualises sequential multistakeholder intervention of IC practices and organisational considerations within institutions, as well as guiding the developmental role of education in emboldening individuals and organisations through building IC and evidencing entrepreneurial thinking.
La gerencia disruptiva es una forma de abordar el manejo de las organizaciones que se contrapone a los lineamientos del modelo de gerencia tradicional, la cual se implementa particularmente ante situaciones externas o internas que generan desorden o desequilibrio y que impactan negativamente la actividad económica en la que se desenvuelven las empresas, como sucedió con ocasión de la pandemia generada por el Covid -19, que provocó un deterioro en las finanzas, la rentabilidad y, por tanto, atentó contra la estabilidad de las empresas. En este sentido, el propósito de la presente investigación consistió en analizar la utilidad de la gerencia disruptiva en la era post – Covid, desde la gestión financiera, por lo cual se inserta en el paradigma interpretativo, haciendo uso del enfoque cualitativo, acompañado del método inductivo, utilizando la técnica de recolección de información a través de la revisión bibliográfica. Como resultado se pudo establecer que, la gerencia disruptiva es un enfoque útil para la gestión del cambio y la transformación empresarial, que requiere, entre otros, de la innovación de los procesos, alejándose de las prácticas tradicionales y modelos usuales de gerencia, esto, sin embargo, también implicó asumir un riesgo que no toda empresa está dispuesta a hacer, pero que en situaciones como la generada por el Covid-19 se hizo necesaria, puesto que hubo que adoptar estrategias novedosas para afrontar un fenómeno extraordinario y sin antecedente reciente que tuvo incidencias sobre los aspectos financieros y contables. Se concluyó que, tanto la economía colombiana como la mundial tuvieron graves afectaciones socioeconómicas por la pandemia, las empresas vieron comprometidas sus finanzas y por ende las que sobrevivieron debieron cambiar su forma de hacer negocios y adoptar cambios en su organización en general, las cuales han permanecido después de declarada la endemia.
Territoriality becomes a more important success factor for businesses operating in international markets, especially Italian businesses. These businesses can compete in the current globalization era despite fierce global competition thanks to their intellectual capital. In truth, Italy has succeeded in making the idea of ‘Made in Italy’ seen as a guarantee of quality and luxury around the world, producing a brand under which all Italian enterprises are recognized, with specific reference to industrial firms. The reputation of the Italian manufacturing company is, in fact, known worldwide and is a hallmark of creativity and quality.
This paper aims to investigate the propensity of Italian SMEs to self-finance and invest in research, development, and innovation.
The research is conducted by analysing the findings of a case study: an Italian company whose business strategies are decided by the female CFO. The results for the three-year period 2020–2022 of a medium-sized Italian company belonging to the manufacturing sector were analysed to examine can be implemented a growth project through the predominant use of internal financial resources.
The results show how, through self-financing, the company was able to increase its value and market share, especially abroad. This was done by investing heavily in innovation and research, despite the economic crisis resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic.
Knowledge is crucial for organizational development, particularly within the knowledge-based view of organizations, where it’s considered the most valuable strategic resource. Effective knowledge management and continuous learning are essential for innovation in products, services, and processes. Knowledge transfer, both tacit and codified, requires proper tools. Therefore, understanding and designing effective strategies for knowledge management might determine competitive advantage and lead to organizational development. This study examines knowledge management in the Romanian Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) sector, known for innovation and high performance. Qualitative research, including 16 in-depth interviews with four Bucharest-based companies, reveals a mixed approach: informal methods coexist with somewhat formal practices led by managers. These companies tend to be unconscious adopters of knowledge management, perceiving it as a blend of formal and informal processes that support flexibility, creativity, and organizational innovation. Benefits considered include data access, knowledge sharing, better decision-making, and increased effectiveness. Overall, knowledge management plays a pivotal role in the success of the investigated KIBS organizations.
Purpose
This paper aims to analyse and discuss five longitudinal case studies in which the authors have investigated how, in a specific subset of the creative industry, i.e. the arts and crafts organizations, knowledge can be systematized and transferred, becoming a real source of competitive advantage.
Design/methodology/approach
As no prior empirical research on the relationship among knowledge, knowledge transfer the role of craftsmen is available, an exploratory, qualitative research design seems advisable to study the phenomenon in detail. In setting up a multiple case study, the authors established a sampling frame of criteria associated with the theoretical background and research interest of this study: the case firms had to be arts and crafts organizations well-known for the high quality and value of their artifacts and have a solid reputation for preserving the tradition and the uniqueness of their manufacturing processes.
Findings
It has emerged the importance of craftsmen within arts and crafts organizations, whose know-how and technical skills are high valued by colleagues, by the market (customers), within the society and the territory where they operate. The knowledge acquired and retained by the craftsmen becomes therefore crucial for the survival of the arts and crafts organizations and for their profitability in the long term.
Research limitations/implications
From the empirical investigation, it has emerged a certain unawareness at managerial level of the strategic relevance of the craftsmen knowhow and skills and of how to practically and effectively transfer their knowledge to a future generation of young craftsmen to continue to satisfy a unique and exclusive market demand. Furthermore, it has emerged the lack of a common knowledge transfer policy to different organizations. Therefore, it has not been possible to define a standard framework for the knowledge transfer process because it is influenced by the organizational structure, the management style of the organization owner (very often a family that retains the totality of the organization shares/quota), the social context and the territory where the organization is located, as well as the target market and the specific niche of customers who buy the organization’s products. This result represents a potential threat for the survival of arts and crafts organizations in the long run.
Practical implications
A common result that has emerged is that craftsmen play a crucial role for the success of arts and crafts organizations, through the creation and production of exclusive, high value products; hence, it is crucial to preserve and transfer properly their knowhow and skills. This result is particularly relevant for the world of practice: in a time where globalization demands for the relocation of production processes and technology automates several job tasks, the variegated world of arts and crafts, where the handmade abilities and skills of craftsmen cannot be replicate, imitate or standardize, becomes extremely important for the economy of several countries, among which Italy.
Social implications
At social level, the activity of arts and crafts organizations help preserve the uniqueness and exclusivity of the heritage and culture of the territory where they are located, and reflect the tradition of such territory, the knowhow and ability of its inhabitants and help preserve this unique reservoir of competences and knowhow.
Originality/value
The contribution builds on the lack of practical understanding of the relationship between knowledge and the role played by craftsmen in the knowledge transfer process within arts and crafts organizations, and how effective such process is realized. This because despite the interest of many authors toward both knowledge management and transfer within the creative industry, there is a lack of studies aimed at linking systematically these two research areas. This is a relevant issue since knowledge in creative industries mainly refers to the traditions and values at the basis of an organization’s culture, tends to manifest itself in a tacit way and is difficult to analyze because it mainly exists in the mind of individuals as the result of their working experience not expressed in an explicit form.
A key end goal of knowledge management is to foster innovation through the creation of new knowledge. Surprisingly, there is little research on knowledge management (KM) in the context of entrepreneurship, a domain where innovation is considered to be the essence of any activity. This paper extends established theories and frameworks for knowledge management to the understudied context of KM in small and medium entrepreneurial firms, particularly young startup firms. Translating KM frameworks, such as the widely studied SECI model elaborated by renowned Japanese management theorists, into the entrepreneurial domain could eventually help startups in their quest for sustainability and growth. The SECI model is an aspirational process with which to build new knowledge, including the explicit knowledge assets that startups commonly lack. However, an aspiration is only useful if the subject knows where he or she stands in relation to it. This paper focuses on understanding whether entrepreneurial activities embed into, and can further enable, the “virtuous” knowledge creation cycle. The secondary objective of this paper is to acknowledge the contribution of Ikijiro Nonaka’s to western and eastern knowledge management theories, and extend his seminal theories into other domains, such as small and medium enterprises. This work pilots the use of a content analysis technique largely used in psychology as a way to analyze the connection between entrepreneurship and knowledge management. Employing a known text analysis method, the study highlights how the four phases of the SECI model apply to a number of startup firms in a business incubator in the United States. It provides insights into the knowledge creation process of entrepreneurs, and suggests how entrepreneurs can improve startup survival through greater awareness and use of knowledge management in their business planning and operational activities.
Purpose
This study examines the association of different configurations of Intellectual Capital (IC) and Knowledge Management Practices (KMP) with firm performance. Do firms with different profiles concerning their overall levels of IC and KMP differ in terms of innovation and market performance?
Design/methodology/approach
First, the firms were distributed into four distinct profiles based on their overall level of IC and utilization of KMP. Then, the four different IC/KMP profiles were evaluated with regard to their innovation and market performance.
Findings
Consistent with the extant research, this study finds that the firms characterized with high levels of IC and high use of KMP are likely to outperform the firms with low overall levels of IC and KMP. On more interesting note, this study also demonstrates that firms characterized with high level of IC but only low utilization of KMP can match the innovation performance of the firms with high levels of IC and KMP.
Practical implications
While the results indicate that the level of IC alone could predict the innovation potential of the firm, the firms should use KMP to leverage the IC and to capitalize the knowledge potential. This result shows the merits of letting innovation flourish without strict managerial control, while pinpointing the relevance of knowledge management (KM) in exploitation of IC.
Originality/value
As one of the first attempts to merge the IC and KM approaches to find out which configurations could influence firm performance outcomes, this study provides the research community with valuable insights and sets the tone for further discussion
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the literature dealing with the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and innovation, and to outline the future of this research field.
Design/methodology/approach
Structured literature review (SLR).
Findings
The relationship between IC and innovation has been examined in great detail; however, much remains to be understood regarding the way of approaching and conceptualising both IC and innovation according to the current business environment. Moreover, academic literature on the IC-innovation relationship shows a disconnection between academia, and both business practice and policy-making, in this research domain.
Research limitations/implications
Since the study was developed by one person, the results could be influenced by her subjective interpretation. In addition, only journal articles published between 2006 and 2015 have been examined.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to IC literature by providing a unique SLR of the IC-innovation field of research. The paper points to pathways for future research in the IC-innovation domain.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the fit between intellectual capital (IC) and knowledge management (KM) strategy and its impacts on firm performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the fit view, the authors posit that firms can enhance performance by aligning the structure of their IC with KM strategy, as reducing the extent to which their actual IC profile deviate from the “ideal” profile when implementing certain type of KM strategy. Using survey data collected from 328 high technology firms in China, the authors tested the research model.
Findings
The more fit a firm’s IC is to its KM strategic type, the better operational and financial performance it can achieve.
Research limitations/implications
The sample of high technology firms in China might limit the generalization of the findings. Nonetheless, this study is based on and extends prior research, which provides a deepened understanding of the role of IC-KM strategy fit in organizational settings.
Practical implications
The paper suggests that firms should adjust their IC according to KM strategy they employ. According to the findings, managers can selectively develop IC to achieve performance goals under certain type of KM strategy.
Originality/value
As one of the first studies to investigate the relationship among IC, KM strategy and firm performance in a holistic way, it indicates that the IC-KM strategy fit can be a novel explanation for performance variances through the alignment of knowledge-based capability and strategy.
Innovation and entrepreneurship are essential organizational strategies to find a way out of the world crisis affecting today’s firms. Thus, the study of how organizational factors, like intellectual capital or entrepreneur characteristics, affects the success of an innovative entrepreneurial project is of utmost importance in helping current organizations find a solution to this problem. Intellectual capital involves investment in human, structural and relational capital. Consequently, our research goal centres on analyzing the influence of intellectual capital as well as the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs on the innovation results. This phenomenon remains unexplored in the case of micro and small firms. Our paper focuses on a particular context where small firms represent a key role in the industry: the case of Costa Rica. We used both quantitative and qualitative
methodologies in order to develop the analysis. Our first results show a positive and significant relationship between structural and relational capital and innovation results; also, we can observe
a positive relationship between a general measure of intellectual capital and innovation results. The case study illustrates how human capital and, specifically, the characteristics of the entrepreneur have an important influence on firm results. Our work contributes to show the relevance of intellectual capital on innovation success, and results encourage practitioners to invest in structural and relational capital and also improve the degree of planning of activities to obtain better results in the long term.
Drawing on the ability-motivation-opportunity model, this meta-analysis examined the effects of three dimensions of HR systems-skills-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing-on proximal organizational outcomes (human capital and motivation) and distal organizational outcomes (voluntary turnover, operational outcomes, and financial outcomes). The results indicate that skill-enhancing practices were more positively related to human capital and less positively related to employee motivation than motivation-enhancing practices and opportunity-enhancing practices. Moreover, the three dimensions of HR systems were related to financial outcomes both directly and indirectly by influencing human capital and employee motivation as well as voluntary turnover and operational outcomes in sequence.
To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large number of actors from outside their organization. At the same time, firms need also to be focused on capturing the returns from their innovative ideas. This gives rise to a paradox of openness—the creation of innovations often requires openness, but the commercialization of innovations requires protection. Based on econometric analysis of data from a UK innovation survey, we find a concave relationship between firms’ breadth of external search and formal collaboration for innovation, and the strength of the firms’ appropriability strategies. We show that this concave relationship is stronger for breadth of formal collaboration than for external search. There is also partial evidence suggesting that the relationship is less pronounced for both external search and formal collaboration if firms do not draw ideas from or collaborate with competitors. We explore the implications of these findings for the literature on open innovation and innovation strategy.
Building on the complexities of organizational knowledge creation the paper explores the alignment of knowledge management practices with the epistemological beliefs of individuals or groups in organizations. A pan-European research project investigated individual’s philosophy about truth, knowledge and the optimum approach of knowledge creation. These individual viewpoints and requirements are then contrasted with the knowledge management practices implemented in organizations. The results highlight significant misalignment between knowledge management requirements in epistemological terms and individual’s perception of organizational knowledge management activities. The paper claims these differences lie at the heart of problems companies experience with extracting value from knowledge management initiatives. The paper suggests ways of identifying and evaluating resource transformations in organizations, in order better to understand and manage knowledge creation to grow the intellectual capital of organizations.
The business world has enthusiastically adopted the idea that knowledge has become the most strategic of corporate assets, the principal basis for competitive advantage. This enthusiasm has not, however, been matched by an understanding of how to operationalize knowledge. It seems we argue that knowledge is important largely because it is a different kind of asset. While this is perplexing and suggests that it is important to understand the strategic significance of the different kinds of organizational knowledge, it also raises operational issues for managers. How are they to identify knowledge assets, and measure them? We offer tentative proposals for a new approach to assets evaluation.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the interface between learning and entrepreneurship, i.e. to show how entrepreneurship can be studied as a never‐ending, dynamic learning process.
Design/methodology/approach
By applying the typology of learning concepts at different organisational levels, the paper will elucidate how the entrepreneur's learning process is fundamental in his quest for new business opportunities and describe learning as a crucial factor for entrepreneurial activity.
Findings
From observations, a new definition of the entrepreneur is derived (entrepreneur as a learner) and a conceptual model of entrepreneurial learning theory is synthesized.
Research limitations/implications
The newly developed conceptual model has not been empirically validated. In terms of the guidelines for future research, this topic should be addressed by collecting information to expand the conceptual model presented here.
Originality/value
Key entrepreneurial learning components are identified and included in the model: intuiting and interpreting, external motivation, alertness and creativeness. The paper concludes with some theoretical ideas on what may influence the entrepreneur's learning and which entrepreneurship educators are suitable for empirical evaluation in future research.
With V. Sambamurthy, A. Bharadwaj, “ Strategic Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualization the Role of IT in Contemporary Firms,” MIS Quarterly, Vol.27, No.2, 2003, pp.237-265.
Agility is vital to the innovation and competitive performance of firms in contemporary business environments. Firms are increasingly relying on information technologies, including process, knowledge, and communication technologies, to enhance their agility. The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding about the strategic role of IT by examining the nomological network of influences through which IT impacts firm performance. By drawing upon recent thinking in the strategy, entrepreneurship, and IT management literatures, this paper uses a multitheoretic lens to argue that information technology investments and capabilities influence firm performance through three significant organizational capabilities (agility, digital options, and entrepreneurial alertness) and strategic processes (capability-building, entrepreneurial action, and coevolutionary adaptation). We also propose that these dynamic capabilities and strategic processes impact the ability of firms to launch many and varied competitive actions and that, in turn, these competitive actions are a significant antecedent of firm performance. Through our theorizing, we draw attention to a significant and reframed role of IT as a digital options generator in contemporary firms.
This paper seeks to investigate the micro-foundations of engaging in open innovation (OI) in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, the study aims to understand the characteristics of entrepreneurs managing small companies and whether these influence the proclivity towards openness. A theory building approach is applied with an exploratory multiple case-study analysis consisting of eight Italian SMEs operating in knowledge intensive sectors. The information gathered through interviews indicate that several factors and variables related to the entrepreneur, employees and firm level have an impact on the propensity towards engaging in OI. Regarding the entrepreneur, delegation, trust in internal and external partners, individual ties and risk taking approach increase the approach towards OI. Moreover, it has emerged that several factors regarding employees contribute to establishing OI strategies. The interviews have also underlined that entrepreneur level factors have an impact on employee level factors in the sense that their joint effect leads to increased openness. These factors are also influenced by firm level factors. In terms of implications, this is one of the first studies on the micro-foundations of OI and, to the best of our knowledge, the first taking the entrepreneur perspective.
Amidst a contemporary fast-changing business environment, scholars and practitioners alike increasingly recognize knowledge management (KM) and dynamic capabilities as key elements in the development of firms’ competitive advantage. Our understanding of the effect of KM on firm performance, nonetheless, is still limited, as in fact are the circumstances under which KM and dynamic capabilities affect firms’ ambidexterity, which reflects firms’ ability to conduct synchronous exploration and exploitation activities. Thus, building on KM and dynamic capability literature, and implementing a quantitative methodology, this paper aims to investigate the elusive relationship among KM orientation, dynamic capabilities, and ambidextrous entrepreneurial intensity (EI). Employing a dataset composed of 181 Italian firms operating in the ICT industry, and using structural equation modeling, the research subsequently investigates whether and how this relationship affects the overall firm performance. Results indicate that KM orientation has a positive and significant impact on ambidextrous EI and performance, especially when the firm has substantial dynamic capabilities. These findings further facilitate the identification and prescription of explicit scholarly and managerial implications.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose and test an integrated model focusing on the drivers and consequences of intellectual capital in the context of the hotel industry.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative study was conducted, including 156 hotels located in Iran. Structural equation modeling examines the validity of constructs and path relationships.
Findings
The results of the PLS-SEM analysis provided three findings as follows: the three dimensions of social capital, namely the structural, relational, and cognitive social capital, had positive effects on knowledge sharing; knowledge sharing had positive effects on three components of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital and relational capital); and intellectual capital dimensions, which in turn, lead to innovation.
Originality/value
The combination of a developing country context and the significance of social capital, knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and innovation in hotel industry enhance the contextual contribution of the paper.
The mainstream literature on innovation management has recognised that most organisations can and must innovate using both internal and external knowledge sources. The management of knowledge in multinational companies (MNCs) implies that subsidiaries should achieve centrality because they are in the unique position to tap into many different sources of knowledge from different cultural contexts. In this context, this paper aims to highlight the importance of 'openness' at the subsidiary level, combining both external and internal knowledge (within the MNC but outside the subsidiary). To do so, we test the single and joint effects of external and internal 'openness' on subsidiaries' innovation performance. Using Amadeus databases, 163 subsidiaries were selected and data were collected through a standardised questionnaire. Then, three hypotheses were tested through an OLS regression model. The results indicate that external and internal knowledge openness positively affects subsidiaries' innovation performance. Moreover, the inclusion of the interaction term shows that a high level of both leads to a multiplicative and positive effect. The findings are discussed in the light of the extant literature, and several implications for future research and MNC and subsidiary managers are highlighted.
Purpose
According to an emerging research trend, which seeks to apply the concept of intellectual capital (IC) to the field of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to test whether IC can affect the start-up expectations of aspiring entrepreneurs.
Design/methodology/approach
Binary logistic regression models, based on empirical data derived from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor website and referring to Italy over the years 2005-2010, are used to test the influence of IC (comprising human, structural and relational capital) on start-up expectations.
Findings
Binary logistic regression models reveal robust results. Human, structural and relational capitals affect start-up expectations in Italy. Only in 2010 did structural capital fail to do so.
Research limitations/implications
This study has three main limitations. The first concerns the need for further research to confirm the influence of IC on start-up expectations. The second concerns in-depth, more exhaustive analyses that cannot be carried out due to the use of second- hand data. The third deals with the reference only to Italy, over a limited time-span (2005-2010).
Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the author, this is one of the first empirical studies that investigate whether IC can affect start-up expectations. Results revealed by the regression models might steer other scholars’ interest toward this research path (linking IC and entrepreneurship) that has not yet been properly considered.
This article provides a narrative review of psychology of entrepreneurship research published in leading psychology journals, based on which we develop an organising framework for future psychological contributions to this field. Furthermore, we introduce the manuscripts collected in this special issue. Our review identified five research areas, broadly corresponding with basic psychological domains, namely personal differences; careers; health and well-being; cognition and behaviour; and leadership; as well as three cross-cutting themes: gender issues; genetic and biological foundations; and context. With the aim to stimulate integration across different approaches and disciplines, we propose a framework to understand how psychologists can offer innovative contributions to the multi-disciplinary entrepreneurship literature. This includes a focus on the entrepreneur embedded in and in interaction with his or her immediate and wider context; attention to different types of entrepreneurs; and a focus on dynamic within-person processes evolving over time.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship between intellectual capital and innovative performance, and to specify the boundary conditions and mechanisms of the relationship from a knowledge-based dynamic capability perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
– This study empirically analyzes the impact of intellectual capital on innovative performance and the role knowledge-based dynamic capability plays with a sample of 217 firms in China. To test the research hypotheses, regression analysis is applied.
Findings
– The results show that intellectual capital positively affects innovative performance, and knowledge-based dynamic capability is a mediator rather than a moderator which partly mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and innovative performance.
Practical implications
– The findings suggest that realizing superior innovative performance is dependent on a firm’s intellectual capital and its ability to sense opportunities and threats, to make timely and correct decisions, and to facilitate necessary changes efficiently.
Originality/value
– This study is the first to clarify whether knowledge-based dynamic capability plays a moderating role or a mediating role between intellectual capital and innovative performance. The present study thus helps move forward the understanding on the conditions and mechanisms of the effects of intellectual capital.
L'expression capital intellectuel resume en deux mots un des grands themes apparus depuis deux ans dans les ouvrages de gestion. Le concept qu'elle exprime est fort simple: il part du constat qu'une des composantes essentielles de la valeur, de l'autorite ou de l'efficacite d'une entreprise tient au savoir, a la competence et a l'information detenus et utilises par l'entreprise, et qu'il conviendrait en consequence de reconnaitre pour tel ce capital intellectuel, de le faire fructifier et, pour autant que la chose soit faisable, de le quantifier. L'article expose un programme destine a tirer profit de ce capital intellectuel et decrit le role que les bibliothecaires ont a y jouer. Il fournit par ailleurs une liste d'ouvrages dont il detaille les themes principaux, ce qui devrait permettre aux bibliothecaires et aux specialistes de l'information de s'y associer plus etroitement.
Research on coopetition has been conducted for more than two decades. However, several concepts remain that require elaboration. A study on the literature shows that there is a lack of unified definitions, as various definitions have been employed in previous accomplished research. In this article we suggest that the early definition of coopetition, as a dual relationship between firms that simultaneously cooperate and compete needs to be refined. Our new definition suggests that coopetition is a paradoxical relationship between two or more actors, regardless of whether they are in horizontal or vertical relationships, simultaneously involved in cooperative and competitive interactions. We also highlight important contributions to the field, and some shortcomings that point to future challenges for coopetition research. Finally, we put forward five directions for future research: (1) understand the balancing of cooperation and competition, (2) understand the coopetition paradox and engendered tension, (3) apply a multilevel perspective on coopetition (4) understand the dynamics of coopetitive interaction, and (5) understand how coopetition impacts business models and strategy.
Developing successful technological innovations is essential for creating and sustaining a firm's competitive advantage. This paper analyses the internal complexity that characterises technological innovation in firms. The innovation capability of a firm depends closely on its intellectual and/or organisational knowledge assets and on its ability to deploy these assets. This paper goes beyond the direct relationships between human and technological knowledge assets and product innovation, proposing a moderating role of innovation culture on these relationships. Using a questionnaire to survey 251 Spanish high and medium-high technological manufacturing firms, multiple regression models were developed. After analysing the relationship between human capital and product innovation developed by firms, the results reveal the existence of the moderating role of innovation culture in a knowledge-based product innovation model.
This paper reviews current research on knowledge management and knowledge transfer in the context of innovations. Specific attention is focussed on the integration of management perspectives into tourism research. The paper explores some of the key mechanisms and conduits of knowledge transfer within tourism. In doing so it explores such concepts as interlocking directorships, communities of practice, learning regions and labour mobility. There is also an emerging research agenda on knowledge management within tourism but progress is variable with most research being within the hotel sector, where a range of recent studies have examined aspects of knowledge transfer. The paper also draws attention to the need to give closer attention to the nature of innovations within tourism and to consider these in a knowledge management framework.
ABSTRACT Using data collected from executives in 208 organizations, this study takes a configurational approach to examine how human, social, and organizational capital coexist to form distinct intellectual capital profiles across organizations. We then examine how investments in human resource management (HRM), information technology (IT), and research and development (R&D) differ across these intellectual capital profiles and investigate differences in financial returns and Tobin's q between the profiles. Results indicate that a relatively small group of superior performing organizations exhibit high levels of human, social, and organizational capital. Most firms, however, tend to focus primarily on only one form of intellectual capital, and a small group of underperforming organizations have very low levels of all three types of intellectual capital. At a general level, HRM and IT investments appear to influence intellectual capital development more than R&D investments. More specifically, HRM investments tend to be higher in firms with profiles high in human and social capital, while IT investments are stronger in firms with profiles high in social capital. Further, HRM, IT, and R&D investments are all very high in the group of superior performing organizations that have high levels of human, social, and organizational capital.
The current study investigates a central premise of the resource-based view of the firm—that managers are a potential source of value creation for the firm. Using data from professional sports teams, we test theory regarding the effects of managerial ability, human resource stocks, and managers' actions on resource value creation. While results indicate managerial ability affects resource productivity, this effect is less pronounced with increases in the quality of firm resources. Further, we investigate the extent to which managerial actions that synchronize resource bundles account for the influence of managerial ability and resource context on a firm's performance advantage. These results contribute to our understanding of resource management and provide empirical evidence for the importance of managerial ability in the resource-based view. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic human resource management (SHRM) implies a concern with the ways in which HRM is critical to organizational effectiveness. This straightforward assertion is examined in theory and through research evidence to reveal high levels of complexity in relation to how, when and why the interconnection between HRM and organizational outcomes is achieved. The two dominant normative models of ‘best fit’ and ‘best practice’ are considered. The paper concludes that the HR strategies of firms are heavily shaped by contextual contingencies, including national, sectoral and organizational factors. However, such a conclusion does not invalidate all ‘best-practice’ thinking. Although constrained in certain ways, underpinning principles of labour management still have relevance to practice as essential attributes of a firm's ability to compete in its chosen markets. The paper then considers the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and asks whether this provides a better basis for the development of theory in SHRM and in understanding the contribution of HRM to the achievement of sustained competitive advantage. While limits to the utility of RBV in respect of SHRM theory are identified, important implications for research are signalled. Trends in the RBV literature are pushing all those interested in strategy towards studies of intellectual capital, learning processes and organizational adaptability. Researchers in HRM could, if they wished, play a central role in these developments because questions of how to attract, motivate and develop workers with critical and scarce abilities, and develop effective processes of work organization, must be fundamental to any model of knowledge-based competition. Greater progress will be made when organizations are studied in a much more interdisciplinary or systemic way.
Given the contribution of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship to technological progress and well-being, the accuracy of investment decisions by venture capitalists is a societal issue. Venture capitalists find the human capital of entrepreneurs difficult to assess. This paper employs instrumental value theory to assess the impact of different human capital factors on the performance of new ventures. A meta-analysis of 29 previous empirical studies that examined the effect of founder's human capital on new venture performance suggested that instrumental value theory holds promise as a guide for research on entrepreneurs' human capital and new venture performance. It could also help venture capitalists to make better investment decisions, benefiting society in general.
Although there has been an explosive interest in an intellectual capital and a thirst for information on how it might be managed, there has been little written to describe or define the concept. This article provides background and definition to the notion of intellectual capital and describes where and how it fits into the 'knowledge company'. The article is written for theoreticians and practitioners alike. It is intended to provide an overview of intellectual capital, where it fits into the 'knowledge firm', what the component elements of it are, and what might be done to manage them. The article defines intellectual capital as well as its relationship to other elements of a knowledge company. The terms and definitions presented in this article are drawn from the experience of eight major international companies all of whom are actively managing their intellectual capital. The component elements of intellectual capital are identified, defined, and discussed. The management activities used in each of the component areas are described as are some of the techniques utilized by practitioners. Finally, there is a review of the actual practice of several major knowledge companies and how they manage their intellectual capital.
Practices of knowledge management are context-specific and they can influence organizational effectiveness. This study examines the possible mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness. A survey was conducted of 301 organizations. The results suggest that knowledge management fully mediates the impact of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness, and partially mediates the impact of organizational structure and strategy on organizational effectiveness. The findings carry theoretical implications for knowledge management literature as they extend the scope of research on knowledge management from examining a set of independent management practices to examining a system-wide mechanism that connects internal resources and competitive advantage.
Despite the widely recognised importance of knowledge as a vital source of competitive advantage, there is little understanding of how organisations actually create and manage knowledge dynamically. Nonaka, Toyama and Konno start from the view of an organisation as an entity that creates knowledge continuously, and their goal in this article is to understand the dynamic process in which an organisation creates, maintains and exploits knowledge. They propose a model of knowledge creation consisting of three elements: (i) the SECI process, knowledge creation through the conversion of tacit and explicit knowledge; (ii) ‘ba’, the shared context for knowledge creation; and (iii) knowledge assets, the inputs, outputs and moderators of the knowledge-creating process. The knowledge creation process is a spiral that grows out of these three elements; the key to leading it is dialectical thinking. The role of top management in articulating the organisation's knowledge vision is emphasised, as is the important role of middle management (‘knowledge producers’) in energising ba. In summary, using existing knowledge assets, an organisation creates new knowledge through the SECI process that takes place in ba, where new knowledge, once created, becomes in turn the basis for a new spiral of knowledge creation.
Metadata only This paper examines the integration of the human and technological aspects of innovation management by modelling the innovation stimulus – innovation capacity relationship in determining innovation performance. The research framework developed in this study was tested amongst 194 managers of Australian firms. The survey responses indicate that both the relationships between innovation stimulus and innovation capacity and between innovation capacity and innovation performance are significant and strong. However, innovation stimulus does not show any direct effect on innovation performance, suggesting that its effect is mediated through innovation capacity. The overall practical implication that can be drawn from the findings is that to achieve high innovation performance, organizations first need to develop the behavioural and cultural context and practices for innovation (i.e. stimulus), and only within such conducive environments is it possible for organizations to develop innovative capacity in research and development and technology so as to more effectively deliver innovation outcomes and performance.
A Capability-Based framework for open innovation: complementing absorptive capacity
Dealing with the management of intellectual capital