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Superiority of Modified Polymeric Membrane with Nanomaterial on Temperature and Mechanical Stability and Application in Industrial Waste Water

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ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology
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Canan Onac at Pamukkale University
Canan Onac
Ahmet Kaya
Ahmet Kaya
Ahmet Kaya
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Necip Atar at Pamukkale University
Necip Atar
İzzet Şener at Kastamonu University
İzzet Şener
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Abstract and Figures

In this paper, we investigated the superiotires of carbon-based nanomaterial polymer inclusion membrane (PIM-GO) against to polymer inclusion membrane and removed Cr(VI), a highly toxic element typically used in chromate conversion coating in the plating industry, from the chrome plating water by using a PIM-GO modified with graphene oxide (GO), which strengthens the mechanical structure and permeability of PIMs. We performed experiments to investigate the membrance performance and structural ability ofthe PIM-GO, and lastly compared its performance to that of the PIM. We observed the PIM-GO’s high selectivity and recovery (96.83%) in the removal of Cr(VI). GO added to the membrane structure caused a visible increase in the rate constant, permeability and flux.The PIM-GO affords opportunities to work with a wider range of pH levels, changes of which in membrane-based experiments with unmodified PIM shave caused significant decreases in flux and permeability. The ease of use, applicability, high permeability of the PIM-GO at high temperatures afford significant advantages over the unmodified membrane as well. The results of this study can aid the development of next-generation membranes with increased mechanical stability, the resistance to multilayered GO membranes, and the use of the membranes in industrial applications. Moreover, the high transport efficiency of the PIM-GO at temperatures exceeding room temperature is evidence of the improved thermal stability of the PIM-GO. In effect, our findings can inform the production of new membranes with increased mechanical stability, membrane lifetime, and usability in industrial applications.
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Superiority of Modified Polymeric Membrane with Nanomaterial
on Temperature and Mechanical Stability and Application in
Industrial Waste Water
Canan Onac,
1
Ahmet Kaya,
1,z
Necip Atar,
2
Izzet Sener,
3
and Hamza Korkmaz Alpoguz
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
3
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
In this paper, we investigated the superiotires of carbon-based nanomaterial polymer inclusion membrane (PIM-GO) against to
polymer inclusion membrane and removed Cr(VI), a highly toxic element typically used in chromate conversion coating in the
plating industry, from the chrome plating water by using a PIM-GO modified with graphene oxide (GO), which strengthens the
mechanical structure and permeability of PIMs. We performed experiments to investigate the membrance performance and
structural ability ofthe PIM-GO, and lastly compared its performance to that of the PIM. We observed the PIM-GO’s high
selectivity and recovery (96.83%) in the removal of Cr(VI). GO added to the membrane structure caused a visible increase in the
rate constant, permeability and flux.The PIM-GO affords opportunities to work with a wider range of pH levels, changes of which
in membrane-based experiments with unmodified PIM shave caused significant decreases in flux and permeability. The ease of use,
applicability, high permeability of the PIM-GO at high temperatures afford significant advantages over the unmodified membrane
as well. The results of this study can aid the development of next-generation membranes with increased mechanical stability, the
resistance to multilayered GO membranes, and the use of the membranes in industrial applications. Moreover, the high transport
efficiency of the PIM-GO at temperatures exceeding room temperature is evidence of the improved thermal stability of the PIM-
GO. In effect, our findings can inform the production of new membranes with increased mechanical stability, membrane lifetime,
and usability in industrial applications.
© 2020 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. [DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/
aba725]
Manuscript submitted June 12, 2020; revised manuscript received July 3, 2020. Published July 27, 2020.
Compared to other separation techniques, membrane technolo-
gies provide selective and efficient separation, among other advan-
tages. Among the other separation techniques, the use of polymer
inclusion membranes (PIM) has attracted considerable attention
from researchers in recent years. However, given the difficulty of
obtaining membranes to serve particular purposes, researchers have
had to synthesize chemical sensors to meet their needs. In response
to significant challenges in applying membrane technologies-for
example, dismal mechanical stability, membrane surface fouling,
low flow and selectivity limits, and the fouling of the membrane
pores by contamination-researchers can improve the mechanical
properties and structures of membranes by adding materials that
facilitate membrane operation and flexibility.
1
With the addition of
plasticizer, for example, PIMs combine the advantages of high
selectivity with increased stability; while the plasticizer promotes the
permeability of significant amounts of metal ions, the ion carrier
immobilized in the solid polymer matrix that responsible for the
membrane stability. As a result, PIMs offer many advantages,
including ease of use, the minimal use of harmful chemicals,
flexibility in membrane composition, the desired selectivity, and
separation efficiency.
2
In recent years, technological advances have permitted the
development of nanomaterials, the use of which in membrane
production and membrane filtration has been proposed as an
efficient, sustainable technology.
3–5
Although the production and
development of next-generation membranes that meet the needs of
urban and industrial water treatment have become purification
technology’s top priorities, the greatest problem currently facing
membrane technology is achieving a natural balance between
membrane selectivity and permeability. As a solution, adding
functional nanomaterials into the composition of membranes can
promote membrane permeability, mechanical and thermal durability,
and fouling resistance.
Highly different types of membranes are used to treat and recycle
industrial and waste water. In any case, however, it is important to
increase the permeability and flow rate of the membranes used in
water treatment applications and to minimize membrane surface
contamination. To solve those problems in membrane processes, the
characteristics of the membranes can be modified by using carbon-
based nanomaterials in membrane production. The modification of
membranes with nanomaterials and use of nanoscale additives
contribute new dimensions to membrane technology, among which
new forms of carbon nanomaterials are the most important ingre-
dients for improved membrane performance in the production of
nano-reinforced membranes.
1
At present, graphene oxide (GO) is an
up-and-coming carbon-based nanomaterial, whose outstanding prop-
erties, including superior mechanical strength, low density, and high
thermal conductivity, support attractive, innovative methods of
water treatment.
6–11
Graphene/graphene oxide, carbon and carbon
nitride nanotubes are also useful in the development of electro-
chemical nanosensors. They have great attention for sensor/bio-
sensor applications.
10,12–17
As a result of research on new areas of
application in separation and treatment technology, using GO as an
additive in membrane filtration poses considerable promise for the
further development of the technology. By incorporating carbon-
based nanomaterials, membranes improve in terms of mechanical
stability, permeability, and flux values, as well as significantly lower
the operating costs of industrial applications.
In the study presented here, we removed Cr(VI), a highly toxic
element typically used in chromate conversion coating in the plating
industry, from industrial waste water with the developed polymeric
membrane by using carbon-based nanomaterials. During experi-
ments, we compared the transport performance of the developed GO
containing PIM and pure PIM in terms of temperature, acceptor
phase pH, and stability parameters. In the experiments performed
with PIM–GO, we observed significant increases in flux and
permeability values. As a result of modifying the polymer inclusion
membrane with GO, the mechanical properties of the modified
membrane (e.g., thermal stability) improved. By using nanomaterials
in membrane preparation, the membrane pore size became con-
trollable, and the pH, temperature, and stability properties of the
membrane improved, as did membrane selectivity and flow rate.
Using nanomaterials as additives in membranes therefore afforded
highly stable membranes with improved physical properties.
Moreover, modifying the polymeric membranes with carbon-based
nanomaterials eliminated the disadvantages of membranes, including
z
E-mail: ahmetk@pau.edu.tr
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2020 9061019
2162-8777/2020/9(6)/061019/6/$40.00 © 2020 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited
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This paper reports an electroanalytical sensor developed based on reduced graphene oxide/FeNi3 (FeNi3/rGO)-ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate (HMPF6) carbon paste electrode (CPE) for determining the antioxidant additive tertbutylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in the presence of folic acid. The FeNi3/rGO synthesized by hydrothermal strategy and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FESEM methods. The electrochemical response were found to be linearly symmetrical to TBHQ and folic acid concentrations in the range from 0.05 to 900 μM and 0.6–1100 μM with detection limits of 10.0 nM and 0.1 μM, respectively. The FeNi3/rGO/HMPF6/CPE showed high-quality for determination of TBHQ in the presence of folic acid in the real samples with the separation potential ∼600 mV.
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Novel Electrochemical Epinine Sensor Using amplified CuO Nanoparticles and n-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Electrode
Article
  • Jan 2019
This study suggests carbon paste electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles and n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6) as a powerful tool for analysis of epinine for the first time. It has been confirmed that CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 can improve the sensitivity of epinine electro-oxidation and reduce the overvoltage of this drug compared to an unmodified electrode. CuO nanoparticles are characterized by XRD and TEM methods. The CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 displayed a detection limit of 0.2 μM and a dynamic range between 0.7-900 μM for analysis of epinine by the square wave voltammetric method. Epinine determination was performed successfully by CPE/CuO-NPs/HMIPF6 in serum and urine samples.
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A new epirubicin biosensor based on amplifying DNA interactions with polypyrrole and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene: Experimental and docking theoretical investigations
Article
  • Apr 2019
  • SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM
Epirubicin is an effective anticancer drug, but naturally causes several side effects. Hence the determination of this drug in biological samples, plays a key role in evaluating its effects and side effects. In this research, a novel label-free DNA-based biosensor was fabricated for the analysis of epirubicin in biological samples. The sensor was fabricated through modifying a pencil graphite electrode with polypyrrole, nitrogen doped reduced graphene (for improving the electrical conductivity) and salmon sperm ds-DNA (PP/NrG/ds-DNA/PGE) and the changes in the electrode signal were used for the determination of epirubicin. The PP/NrG/ds-DNA/PGE showed a high sensitivity for epirubicin in the concentration range of 0.004–55.0 μM and had a detection limit of 1.0 nM. For further evaluations, the interactions between ds-DNA bases and epirubicin were investigated through a theoretical docking study and the obtained data confirmed the intercalation of epirubicin in the minor grooves of ds-DNA with guanine bases. The PP/NrG/ds-DNA/PGE was used for the analysis of epirubicin in injection and urine samples.
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Development of Novel Nanocomposites Based on Graphene/Graphene Oxide and Electrochemical Sensor Applications
Article
  • Mar 2018
  • CURR ANAL CHEM
Background Until now, several methods such as spectroscopic methods and chromatographic techniques have been developed for the determination of biomolecules, drug or heavy metals. Nevertheless, the crucial interference problems are present in these methods. Due to these reasons, more sensitive, favorable portability, low-cost, simple and selective sensors based on nanocomposites are needed in terms of health safety. In the development of electrochemical nanosensor, the nanomaterials such as graphene/graphene oxide, carbon and carbon nitride nanotubes are utilized to improve the sensitivity. Objective The nanomaterials such as graphene/graphene oxide, carbon and carbon nitride nanotubes have important advantages such as high surface area, electrical conductivity, thermal and mechanical stability. Hence, we presented the highly selective methods for sensitive sensor applications by molecular imprinting technology in literature. This technology is a polymerization method around target molecule. This method provides the specific cavities to analyte molecule on the polymer surface. Hence, the selective sensor is easily created for biomedical and other applications. Novel electrochemical sensors based on nanocomposite whose surface is coated with Molecular Imprinting Polymer (MIP) are developed and then applied to the selective and sensitive detection in this study. Until now, we have presented several reports about nanocomposite based sensor with MIP.
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