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The Impact of Good Governance Index on Revenue from Tourism Industry in Selected Southwest Asian Countries: with Using System Generalized Method of Moments(SGMM)

Authors:

Abstract

We know that the economics of science is about achieving optimal revenue using scarce resources. Similarly, the problem that the world's economies are trying to address is how to achieve an optimal economic share of limited tourism resources. Given that global studies and statistics indicate that good governance is considered to be one of the most important factors in developing countries, it has been termed good governance as a solid building block of development. To this end, the purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of the Good Governance Index, which draws on the six key subsidiaries of the World Bank (freedom of speech and accountability, political stability, government efficiency and effectiveness, legislative quality, rule of law and corruption control). The revenues are from the tourism industry. In this study, panel data were collected from 14 selected Southwest Asian developing countries during the 2011-2016 annual period, and the model was applied and estimated using the system generalized momentum method. The model estimation results show that only the hypothesis of this study which shows the positive and significant effect of good banner index on the amount of revenue from tourism industry has been confirmed and its effect has been positive and significant and also the exchange rate variables. Income and business openness have also had a significant positive impact on the tourism industry's revenue.
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



(Smq.Zabihi@mail.um.ac.ir)




 (M.Hooshmand@um.ac.ir)


(N.Salehnia@um.ac.ir)

             

                
      



            
   


      




JEL O16, L86, L63, C23, C15, C26.


2





 


           

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

   
   
               

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


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

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

        





Good Governance
Barnard
Sustainable Human Development
Bovarid
Tourism
UNWTO
Alexandra Leitao
travel agency
3



 












   
















              
       
      
        
Cornelissen
Show & Williams
Hall
4
                 
          
                
               












   








International Tourism
Natural Resources Abundance Theory
Heckscher
Ohlin
Relative cost theory
David Ricardo


5

   















          
  












Theory of Absolute Superiority and Technology Advancement
Adam Smith
Ecotourism
Theory of Demand Terms
Linder
6






 



 OECD 


 OECD 
  


        











7
  
 GLS 





   
IPA





 IPA 
              
                




 

 
 
   
  


       







Importanace-Performance Analysis
8








OECD

OECD




 







   

GMM
GMMS



SVAR



 

   

Daryaei and et al
Mamipur and Nazari
CPI
Leitao

GhulamAli and et al
9

t-testSPSS

ANPSuper vendim







 



   













    

  




Boga and Erkisi
Dynamic Panel Data
System Generalized Method of Moments
Hansen
OLS
Instrumental variables
10
   



GMM







  




       




 

        
   
  










                
    
  

Arlano and Band
Recursive form
Two Step GMM
Serial Correlation
Sargan
Baltagi
World Bank
World Development Indicators (WDI)
World Governance Indicators(WGI)

 


STATA
11
)1(
it
+U
it
(TO)
4
+ β
it
(GDPP)
3
+ β
it
(OER)
2
+ β
it
(GGI)
1
1)-i(t
γ(TR)
+
0i
it
(TR)

it
+v
i
λ+
i
µ=
it
U
i
µ
i
λ






TR
it


GGI



OER



GDPP




TO




TR

 
 


GGI
OECD
PFA SPSS

Official exchange rate
Real Gross domestic product per capita based on purchasing-power-parity in current prices,(From WDI2017
Report)
Trade Openesis
5

Panyik
Cho
International Tourism Receipts


12




    
 
 







  


OER


                  


GDPP     





To 


   





Lyon
Voice & Accontability
Political Stubility
Government Effectiveness
Requlatory Quality
Rule if Low
Control of Crruption
13







 



 
SGMM



Z

GGI



Ln(OER)



Ln(GDPP)



Ln(TO)



Cons



  

     
     







Buhalis and Deimezi

GMM 
14


                 




   



       












      




 

Wald Test
T Test
J Tests
Instrument Variable(IV)






15
M















 












  
Moving Average
M1
M2

Z









16
                  



  









             
OPECOECD



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









Voice & Accontability
Political Stubility
Government Effectiveness
Requlatory Quality
Rule if Low
Control of Crruption
18

 SPSS












Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy

Approx. Chi-Square

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Df

Sig





    



















Cons














LnOER
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Ershi Qi et al.

19














LnGDP
P














LnTO


LnGGI


LnCC


LnGF


LnPSA
V


LnRQ


LnRL


LnVA














F-
Statistic
s
[Prob.]







No.of
Observa
sion







No.
Country


Z-Statistics
20

 GMM


Chapter
This chapter delves into the critical role of effective governance in cybersecurity, emphasizing its importance, identifying challenges in implementation, and exploring key success factors using a case study. It examines various governance frameworks and their application in cybersecurity contexts, alongside the pivotal role of leadership. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends in governance and cybersecurity and proposes strategies for mitigating cyberattack risks, providing comprehensive insights for cybersecurity professionals and organisational leaders. The results indicate that despite the difficulties, good governance in cybersecurity can be achieved through the implementation of established frameworks. Success factors have been identified, including a robust IT infrastructure, effective incident planning and response, transparent communication, and a commitment to continuous improvement. By addressing these factors, organizations can establish a solid governance framework that promotes cyber resilience and safeguards sensitive data.
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This study employs a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to investigate the macroeconomic shocks on Malaysian tourism industry, especially how the economy dynamically responds to oil price shocks, exchange rates, changes in price level, exports, economic growth and tourism income during the study time period from January 2001 to December 2012. The results indicate that oil price shocks, economic growth, exchange rate, and exports have a contemporaneous inverse impact on tourism revenues except for consumer price index which has a positive impact. This study added instant information to manage tourism industry in Malaysia. The findings of the study are useful to implement a number of corrective measures for the promotion of tourism in a country.
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In this research, the short-term and the long-term relationships between tourism receipts and economic growth was investigated. The dataset includes 483 observations for the period from 1995 to 2017 of selected 21 Asia Pacific Economies. According to "Dumitrescu & Hurlin VAR Panel Causality Test", which is employed to analyse the short-term causality, it is revealed that (a) tourism receipts is the granger cause of economic growth, and (b) "economic growth is the granger cause of tourism receipts. Hence, it is concluded a bi-directional causality between tourism receipts and economic growth in the short-term. Westerlund ECM Panel Co-Integration Test and Pesaran & Smith Mean Group Estimator, which are performed to test the long-term relationship, indicated that (a) economic growth affects tourism revenues; a 1% increase in economic growth raises tourism revenues by 1.9% in long-term and vice versa, (b) tourism revenues affects economic growth; a 1% increase in tourism revenues raises the economic growth by 0.49 % in long-term, and vice versa. These results support the feedback hypothesis that claims a bi-directional relationship between international tourism receipts and economic growth.
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In recent years, good governance has become a hot topic in public sector management, This is due to the significant role that governance plays in the health community. Studies and worlds statistics show that "good governance" is one of the most important factors in developing countries. So called the good governance is development foundation. On the other hand the process of economic development of countries in recent decades are as The growth of tourism industry as the largest (annual turnover), the most complex (the complex of human relationships) and the most diverse (due to variation in space and time, and various tourist) industry in the world and an engine of economic growth has become one of the most important policy concerns. So Tourism in communities are affected by the complex and intertwined political and economic factors and geographical features That will attract others. Now given the importance of tourism in the economy, in this study is to that Using panel data methods, test the effect of Indicators of good governance, GDP growth, technology growth, the inflation rate as an indicator of economic infrastructure and improvement of education on the level of tourism in the 30 selected developing countries in during the period (1996-2009). To achieve better results and increase the power by comparing the results, has been a similar test in 30 OECD countries in the same period. The results show that in both countries, economic growth (GDP growth) and the level of technology to promote tourism, had a positive effect and the Level of literacy in OECD countries has a positive and significant increase in taking tourism but in selected developing countries, is without meaning. In Study The six indicators of good governance Includes accountability of power, political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality, corruption and government effectiveness, in terms of tourism in both countries, the results show that Improving the governance indicators has a positive effects on tourism in both countries.
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This article considers the determinants of Portuguese tourism demand for the period 2004-2013. The econometric methodology uses a panel unit root test and the dynamic panel data (GMM-system estimator). The different techniques of panel unit root (Levin, Lin and Chu; Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat and augmented Dickey-Fuller - Fisher Chi-square) show that the variables used in this panel are stationary. The dynamic model proves that tourism demand is a dynamic process. The variables relative prices, income per capita, human capital and government spending encourage international tourism demand for Portugal.
Book
Hall, C.M. 2000, Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships, Prentice Hall, Harlow. 236pp, ISBN 0-582-32028-3 (Pbk) – 2001, Planejamento turístico: políticas, processos e relacionamentos, Editora Contexto. Sao Paulo, 296pp, ISBN 85-7244-188-3 (Pbk) (Portuguese translation) – 2nd, ed., 2008, 272pp, ISBN 978-0-13-204652-7 (Pbk).
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This is a critical introduction to the relations between tourism, tourists, and tourism spaces. It fuses economic and cultural perspectives to explain how tourism is dependent on place and space, while at the same time as defining those places and spaces. Examining different levels of scale - from local to global - Tourism and Tourism Spaces is informed by the discussion of three key processes: - production and consumption of tourist spaces - consumption and commodification of tourist experiences - construction and reconstruction of tourist spaces Each chapter engages with different theoretical perspectives; is illustrated with comparative examples and case studies; uses tables, boxes and figures throughout; and concludes with a summary. An integrated and systematic review of a range of theoretical positions - that integrates economic and cultural - Tourism and Tourism Spaces will be a key resource for students of geography, sociology, management studies, hospitality studies, and leisure studies.
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