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Social economic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in India
Abstract
Purpose of this study
The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the internet of things (IoT) market. To overcome all the above issues, IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people, so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition.
Design/methodology/approach
To respond to the global COVID-19 outbreak, the social-economic implications of COVID-19 on specific dimensions of the global economy are analyzed in this study. The situations of COVID-19 will certainly have an adverse effect over and above health care on factors of the IoT market. To overcome these issues IoT devices and sensors can be used to track and monitor the movement of the people so that necessary actions can be taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Mobile devices can be used for contact tracing of the affected person by analyzing the geomap of the travel history. This will prevent the spread and reset the economy to the normal condition. A few reviews, approaches, and guidelines are provided in this article along these lines. Moreover, insights about the effects of the pandemic on various sectors such as agriculture, medical industry, finance, information technology, manufacturing and many others are provided. These insights may support strategic decision making and policy framing activities for the top level management in private and government sectors.
Findings
With insecurities of a new recession and economic crisis, key moments such as these call for strong and powerful governance in health, business, government, and large society. Instant support measures have to be initiated and adapted for those who can drop through the cracks. Mid- and long-term strategies are required to stabilize and motivate the economy during this recession.
Originality/value
A comprehensive social-economic development strategy that consists of sector by sector schemes and infrastructure that supports business to ensure the success of those with reliable and sustainable business models is necessary. From the literature analysis and real world observations it is concluded that the IoT, sensors, wearable devices and computational technologies plays major role in preserving the economy of the country by preventing the spread of COVID-19.
... As a result of social distancing, remote work and travel restrictions, there was a surge in demand for digital business approaches. This shift accelerated the adoption of technology-enabled businesses with minimal human-to-human contact, such as mobile or Internet banking and contactless payment methods (Sandeep et al. 2020). ...
... Even though humankind has faced natural catastrophes such as floods, earthquakes, civil wars and other large-scale catastrophes, the global financial crisis and the great depression, the COVID-19 pandemic was somehow unique (Kells 2020;Sandeep et al. 2020). Its effect differs from the effects of other diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). ...
... For example, online shopping saw a significant boost because of mobile technologies. Restrictions on travel in many countries meant that millions of workers work from home with computer technologies such as mobile learning, mobile banking and web-based communications (Microsoft Teams, Zoom, WebEx, Skype meetings; Sandeep et al. 2020). These interventions enabled institutions like banks to continue operating (Kells 2020). ...
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China. This virus quickly spread throughout different regions and was declared a pandemic late in January 2020. The spread of the virus has affected every aspect of human life as previously known.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the adoption of fintechs in South Africa.
Eighteen financial services experts were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to collect data, and ATLAS.ti 28 was used to analyse the data.
During the lockdowns, the industry expedited the implementation of fintech to sustain business operations. Online shopping, mobile payments, and digital banking experienced a surge in adoption as individuals steered clear of crowded stores and bank branches. The upswing in online shopping influenced the embrace of mobile payments and contactless cashless transactions. Moreover, with limited access to physical bank branches, there was a marked shift towards digital banking.
Fintech companies have introduced consumers to alternative financial technologies. The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of fintech as an essential means of transacting and banking. One limitation of the study is its timing because it was conducted during and immediately after the pandemic, therefore, it does not account for the long-term effects of the pandemic on the financial services industry. Consequently, future research could explore the impact of COVID-19 on the industry 5-10 years after the pandemic to evaluate any significant influence on the industry’s transformation.
This study will assist the financial services industry to better respond to catastrophes such as COVID-19.
... Besides, demand decline also happened since the decrease in utilization and investment [17,18]. Large-scale social restrictions set the supply chain into push and need of straightforwardness in streamlining approximately fundamental commodities [19]. ...
... Most individuals begin to act in what is considered uncivil behaviour (e.g., storing or plundering) since weight due to losing their employments [22]. Other than the event of storing or panic buying [23,24], social distancing and lockdown methodologies cause heightens dangers of developing residential savagery (physical, passionate and sexual abuse) [19]. ...
... For occurrence, online shopping may see a critical boost with flexible progress. Confinements on travel unfeeling that millions of laborers must be taught with computational advances such as portable learning and web-based communications [19]. ...
The global pandemic known as COVID-19 has spread throughout the world and poses a threat to all countries, including the economic crisis in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia directly regulates policy to all companies or business units to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in their business environment. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) also has been affected by COVID-19. They must decrease operational hours, employee shift systems, and implement health protocols according to standards in prevention. This study aims to review the current impact from the perspectives of SMEs owners and also strategy suggestions during the COVID-19 outbreak. The studies focus on the impact of large-scale social restrictions on SMEs economic activities and outline the recommendations for improving current responses to developing business strategy. This current study conducted a literature review of publicly available information to recommends valuable insights to the business survival and recovery system of SMEs business during a COVID-19 outbreak. The results show financial management, distribution of supply chain, digital transformation, network relationship, government policy, & orientation & information as a business strategy. This study will ideally contribute towards the creation of success for SMEs to thrive during and after a crisis.
... The impact of COVID-19 in India has been tremendous in terms of job losses, production loss, and decreases in lending companies' cash flow and human capital (Kumar et al., 2020). While the sophistication of the solutions may differ depending on cost-revenue conditions, the integrity of the nation's education system must continue to search for new and innovative solutions (Dhawan, 2020). ...
... According to a study by Adam et al. (2012), there is no discernible difference between face-to-face classes and online classes in terms of students' happiness. Schools and public and private institutions have been thrown into crisis mode in remote teaching due to the unanticipated lockdown during the Covid-19 outbreak (Kumar et al., 2020). Prior research (Bignoux & Sund, 2018) has emphasised many models that offer the fundamental framework to comprehend students' perceptions of and motivations for online education, including the e-learning experience. ...
... In order to maintain students' academic progress while also taking steps to lessen the effects of the present health crisis, some of the educational institutions that faced closure gradually reopened and began working under online learning methods (Kumar et al., 2020). This research fills the voids of understanding by identifying the drivers of motivation to E-Learning in crisis affected learning environments. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the closure of educational institutions worldwide and put academic schedules in danger. Most educational institutions have turned to online learning platforms to maintain academic activities. But the issues surrounding the readiness, design, and effectiveness of e-learning remain unclear. It is still not precisely understood, especially for a developing nation like India, where technological challenges like device appropriateness and bandwidth availability present significant difficulties. Through an online survey of 152 students, this study aims to investigate how students perceive and enjoy online learning. To create an efficient online learning environment, we also investigated the variables affecting students' motivation levels for online classes. According to the students, while internet connectivity challenges in rural locations make it difficult to take advantage of online learning programs, the flexibility and convenience of online classes make them an appealing option. The insights from this article can help build the curriculum for the new normal in agricultural education systems, where switching totally to online mode may not be practical and a hybrid medium is advised.
... The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on global financial and economic activities has been immense [1,2], resulting in adverse financial outcomes for businesses, industries, and entire countries [3][4][5][6]. This has sparked a swift response from the academic community aimed at understanding and addressing the implications of the pandemic [7,8]. ...
... One of the themes is exploring the connection of COVID-19 to finance and economics, as well as economic and social effects, and how it is causing uncertainties (Figure 4-yellow cluster). Although the adverse effects of the pandemic on businesses, industries, and countries have been studied [3][4][5]84], as has the unpredictability of the pandemic [11], these themes remain appealing for further research. Similar opportunities are outlined in the green cluster, which shows the implications of COVID-19 for destabilizing humans and industries [85,86], and in the blue cluster, which revolves around commerce, including financial markets, costs, oil prices, market conditions, and investments [87]. ...
A bibliometric study was performed to explore the financial and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The SCOPUS database was sourced, and VOSviewer version 1.6.20 was used to generate visualizations. Articles published between 2020 and 2024 were targeted, resulting in 1257 papers used in the analysis. The comprehensive bibliometric analysis conducted in this paper was guided by the keywords “COVID-19”, “pandemic”, “financial crisis”, “financial impact”,
and “economic impact”, which revealed critical insights that contribute to the body of knowledge on the financial and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The outputs belong to topical areas of economics, finance, business, and management. Keyword mapping and clustering methods were employed to analyze links between the financial crisis, economic impact, and COVID-19 themes. A co-occurrence network analysis identified key thematic clusters, including economic and financial analysis; COVID-19 research and impact; social, environmental, and corporate responsibility; regional studies and disease-related research; and economic challenges and policy responses. This study reveals an annual publication decline of 62.94% and an average citation rate of 20.13 per document. The findings suggest an abundance of global collaboration networks and authorships. This study contributes to a better understanding of the multifaceted financial and economic impact of the pandemic from a bibliometric perspective, offering a foundation for future research and the application of financial strategies and effective crisis management.
... Coronavirus infections are frequently accompanied by respiratory symptoms. Symptoms of coronavirus infection include fever, cough, and difficulties with breathing, respiratory issues, weariness, and sore throat [1][2][3] . ...
... Many studies [1][2][3][4][5] have been conducted on the use of deep learning in the interpretation of radiological images. Many researchers use and continue to study deep learning techniques for detecting and classifying COVID-19 using radiological images. ...
Objective:
In this study, it is aimed to classify data by feature extraction from tomographic images for the diagnosis of COVID-19 using image processing and transfer learning.
Materials and methods:
In the proposed study, CT images are made better detectable by artificial intelligence through preliminary processes such as masking and segmentation. Then, the number of data was increased by applying data augmentation. The size of the dataset contains a large number of images in numerical terms. Therefore, the results of the models are more reliable. The dataset is split into 70% training and 30% testing. In this way, different features of the applied models were found, and positive effects were achieved on the result. Transfer Learning was used to reduce training times and further increase the success rate. To find the best method, many different pre-trained Transfer Learning models have been tried and compared with many different studies.
Results:
A total of 8,354 images were used in the research. Of these, 2,695 consist of COVID-19 patients and the remaining healthy chest tomography images. All of these images were given to the models through masking and segmentation processes. As a result of the experimental evaluation, the best model was determined to be ResNet-50 and the highest results were found (accuracy 95.7%, precision 94.7%, recall 99.2%, specificity 88.3%, F1 score 96.9%, ROC-AUC score 97%).
Conclusions:
The presence of a COVID-19 lesion in the images was identified with high accuracy and recall rate using the transfer learning model we developed using thorax CT images. This outcome demonstrates that the strategy will speed up the diagnosis of COVID-19.
... The pandemic has so had a significant impact on several enterprises. (Kumar et al., 2020). Including businesses not all kinds of companies can adapt to a form of online business. ...
... Financial markets' failure to account for the possibility of terrible tail risks that might be unsurvivable has changed the game. According to Kumar (2020), businesses in more disaster-prone regions adjust by becoming less leveraged. They explain this result to enterprises being adversely affected in areas such as operational interruption, higher capital costs, and restricted financial flexibility, which is consistent with a trade-off perspective of capital structure. ...
This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses , their operations, and the financial conditions in Sri Lanka. A sample of 19 executive-level employees from 19 companies registered at the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka was interviewed. The thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data. It demonstrates the insecurity of the current business situation, as with the pandemic, most large-scale operating companies have been permanently or temporarily closed. The financial condition was categorised into main sub-themes such as business profitability, liquidity problems, the balance of payments, working capital, and cash flows and was highly impacted during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of the study Digital Transformation, Strategic Resilience, Cyber Security and Risk Management NARAYANAGE JAYANTHA DEWASIRI ET AL. help to improve the favourable image of Sri Lankan companies by facilitating solutions to overcome the challenges and difficulties and are beneficial for the relevant government parties to amend policies and for investors to make prudent investment decisions. As a maiden study, this one focused on investigating the pandemic's impact on business operations and developed a nine-step plan for organisations, employees, and the government to minimise the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses.
... It might be due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of a revised <IR> framework in 2021. The COVID-19 has created severe economic repercussions and affected Indian companies financially (Kumar et al., 2020). Therefore, the detailed disclosure of a pandemic's impact on financial results and measures taken to alleviate current risks for employees and community members are essential (Deloitte, 2020). ...
Integrated Reporting (IR) amalgamates financial and non-financial data with business strategies to create organizational value. As IR progresses, it is essential to ascertain its feasibility in India following its transition to voluntary status after the issuance of the SEBI circular in 2017. This study examines the trends and quality of IR disclosure practices of 82 Indian listed companies by utilizing legitimacy and stakeholder theory. Manual content analysis was employed from 2017-18 to 2022-23. An IR checklist has been formulated based on three pillars: (a) Guiding Principles, (b) Content elements, and (c) Capitals of framework, consisting of 94 items. Results show the upward trend of the IR disclosure scores and enhancement in categories from 2017-2018 to 2022-2023, notably in Conciseness, Strategic focus and future orientation, and Organizational overview and external environment.' This suggests an improvement in IR awareness and commitment towards stakeholders' informational needs, assisting companies to gain legitimacy in the face of the changing environment. The above results show that the IR implementation is early in India. The results would assist policymakers in ascertaining whether the IR execution attains desired objectives in the voluntary settings and may call for rigorous regulations to mandate IR in India. Nonetheless, the study's limitations include the limited sample size because only a handful of companies are implementing IR in India, suggesting future research should explore crosscountry analysis beyond the Indian context.
... During the COVID-19 pandemic, the spending pattern among young people might be different as they are more concerned about purchasing essential products (such as food and medicine) rather than non-essential products (such as gadgets, entertainment, etc.) (Kumar et al., 2020). The spending pattern of the younger generation in Malaysia is becoming more reckless than the older generation (Esmail Alekam, 2018). ...
Paying attention to spending patterns is essential, especially for the
younger generation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously,
young people spent more money on entertainment activities to fulfil
their life satisfaction than life survival. Young people also
contributed to the highest number of bankruptcy as they borrowed
money to buy non-essential products. The main objective of this
study is to determine the significant relationship between the factors
that influence spending patterns among the young generation
during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The research
considered testing the factors of expenditures on food,
transportation, and entertainment activities. The data were
gathered from the distribution of a questionnaire to the respondents.
SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyse the data. The results found
that food and transportation expenditures significantly influenced
the spending pattern during COVID-19, while entertainment
expenditures had no significant relationship with the spending
pattern. Results also highlighted that food expenditure was the
highest influencing factor in spending patterns. This study will help
policymakers outline the importance of financial assistance based
on the priority needed by society, especially in an unexpected crisis.
Further research on factors such as personality, behaviour, and
financial knowledge can be explored. Besides, future research can
also analyse the data using Partial Least Square-Structural
Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to produce a variety of results.
... During COVID-19, there was a shortage of labourers because of restrictions placed on migrant workers. Although the consumer's purchase rate is high, the number of agricultural commodities that farmers produce is low (Sandeep Kumar et al., 2020). In the context of a changing climate and diminishing land resources, water scarcity, pests, and illnesses, an ever-increasing population, low productivity under open conditions, and changes in consumer choice are the causes that are driving more and more people to switch to protected cultivation (Pachiyappan et al., 2022). ...
Background
This socio-economic analysis studies the influence of jasmine production on the economic well-being of farmers in Huvina Hadagali, a region known for its high-quality jasmine flowers. The Vijaya Nagara district’s Havina Hadagali area is well known throughout the country for its jasmine flower farming. In addition to being referred to as Mallige Nadu, this location is also known as Malligeya Tavaru. The cultivation of the jasmine flower is protected by the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag, and this flower has been popular in this region for a substantial amount of time.
Methods
Data was collected from a sample of 364 jasmine growers using a structured questionnaire in Huvina Hadagali, Vijayanagar district. The data focused on different socio-economic factors such as income levels, employment, market access, and agricultural techniques. The study is analysed using IBM SPSS through frequency analysis and 2-step clustering.
Result
The results demonstrate that the cultivation of jasmine makes a substantial contribution to the local economy, serving as a main or additional source of income for numerous households. Jasmine farming often contributes 40% of the whole household income, and during peak seasons, it provides significant economic advantages. Nevertheless, the highlighted obstacles were volatile market pricing, pest infestations, and limited access to contemporary farming practices. The study emphasises the crucial significance of cooperative societies and local marketplaces in stabilising income and offering essential resources and training to farmers.
Conclusion
The research highlights the necessity of governmental interventions focused on developing market infrastructure, offering financial assistance, and improving access to agricultural innovations to maintain and augment the economic advantages of jasmine cultivation in Huvina Hadagali.
... Consistently during the initial 21 days of the lockdown, India has been assessed to lose over INR 32,000 crore Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 12(2), 2024: http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-V13N1-art563 10 (4.5 billion US$) (The Hindu Business Line, 2020). Different assessments propose that the lockdown has influenced around 53% of all undertakings the nation over (The Indian Express, 2020) and affected practically all monetary exercises (Kumar et al., 2020b). These bundles essentially designated food security and medical services frameworks, included state-and area explicit motivators and expanded cutoff times for charge instalments (Mahendra Dev, 2020;Ray et al., 2020). ...
Background- The paper studies impact of lockdown on agricultural supply chain, its subsequent impact on farmers’ income and identifies gaps to be investigated about agrarian supply chain (SCM) practices. Methods- Primary data come from survey interviews led from August to September 2021 with a sample of 367 farmers of the different farming fields in Uttar Prades, India. Studying how much lockdown restricted admittance to inputs, work and markets to produce, cultivate and sell theirs produces. The secondary data is sourced from semi-exact research that joins distinctive quantitative and qualitative sources of data, including master elicitation, to distinguish, portray and dissect the various components influencing Indian farming frameworks, and more extensively agricultural area, following the COVID-19 lockdown. Result- Agri-food supply chain network is a drive towards this bearing, which may serve a ton in conquering issues experienced by Indian farming. The issues arising in Indian agriculture are novel, mind-boggling and extreme because of the presence of a larger part of them among the majority of Indian agriculturists. Consequently, progressed procedures should be a gadget to resolve these issues which warrant quickly evolving techniques, advances and the executives rehearse in the supply chain network component.
... Restrictions imposed by the government in work life by working at home, studying at home, and relaxing at home because consumers cannot go to the market. This has a very serious impact, especially in the sectors of economic growth, health, and all social life (Kumar et al., 2020). The Covid-19 pandemic situation forces all societies to change the way to live, and socialize, or the new normal and one of the changing habits is the increasing trend of online shopping (Pham et al., 2020;Valaskova et al., 2021). ...
At the time the Covid-19 pandemic had caused many changes to consumers, this was due to the limited movement of the community to carry out purchasing activities that were usually carried out before the pandemic. This research looks at the development of consumer behavior after the end of the Covid 19 pandemic among college students in the city of Medan. The framework of this research is the application to students' perceptions of online purchases with the dependent variable: Convenience, Privacy and security, Money, Save time and effort. This study directed is to understand consumers’ intention to purchase online shopping after the pandemic This study also uses three intervening variables, namely Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and intention to use. This study aims to construct an online purchase model for university students in Medan. The subject of this study is a university in Medan. who uses online platforms to buy at online shops. This study was conducted with a sample of 291 respondents that uses online applications to buy products.
... In unusual cases, individuals may have slight, self-restraining infections with adversative properties such as influenza. There are several symptoms of respiratory concerns, including fever, coughing, and trouble breathing, as well as exhaustion, a sore throat, and a weak immune system [1][2][3][4][5]. The use of CT scans and X-rays is without a doubt one of the most important methods for the detection of COVID-19. ...
COVID-19 is a lung disease caused by a coronavirus family virus. Due to its extraordinary prevalence and associated death rates, it has spread quickly to every country in the world. Thus, achieving peaks and outlines and curing different types of relapses is extremely important. Given the worldwide prevalence of coronavirus and the participation of physicians in all countries, information has been gathered regarding the properties of the virus, its diverse types, and the means of analyzing it. Numerous approaches have been used to identify this evolving virus. It is generally considered the most accurate and acceptable method of examining the patient’s lungs and chest through a CT scan. As part of the feature extraction process, a method known as fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has been applied as one of the time-frequency domain transformations. The proposed method was applied to a database consisting of 2481 CT images. Following the transformation of all images into equal sizes and the removal of non-lung areas, multiple combination windows are used to reduce the number of features extracted from the images. In this paper, the results obtained for KNN and SVM classification have been obtained with accuracy values of 99.84% and 99.90%, respectively.
... The emergence of digitalization, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed various sectors, including online payments. Previous studies have explored the adoption of AI-powered FinTech services from different angles, with the pandemic drawing attention to the online payment sector amid disruptions in major industries like trade, tourism, and transportation [18]. While major tech companies like Amazon and Flipkart have introduced customers to AI-powered FinTech services, the pandemic underscored the vital role of street vendors in ensuring the availability of essential goods, but their adoption of these services varied due to factors like ease of use, privacy, job security, and trust [12], [16], [3]. ...
... In any case, the majority of participants were affected by financial problems based on the above occupied portion in the chart picture. It is a well-known that due to this virus outbreak, lockdown, low growth rates even after unlocks until now restricted India's economy as it was recorded a negative growth and at the ground level common people struggled with more financial burdens, however, Kumar et al. (2020) in their paper entitled "Social economic impact of Covid-19 outbreak in India"(p. 1) is recommended to use IoT and technological things to alternate and recover the down falling economy of India and there is a strong requirement to reorganise and stabilise the medical, business, economy during this recession (Kumar et al., 2020). ...
Covid-19, which is also referred to as Novel Coronavirus Disease, has begun in China and has rapidly crossed multiple national borders and infected people all over the world, where India has been severely affected by this outbreak in almost all sectors; as a result of the threat of the spread of this viral disease, India, at the beginning, has been forced to shut down all general activities and to force a tight lockdown to restrict human interactions. These sudden restrictions and orders have puzzled and affected the common public in many ways, such as emotionally, physically, financially, and career-wise, halting their potential improvements, and have also ruined many people's livelihoods and the rhythm of life in India. Although the process of unlocking has started and successfully implemented, at the time of post lockdown, people were not afraid of the coronavirus at the same time, due to the experiences of facing rapid attacks from new variants such as Delta, Delta Plus, and Omicron, triggered different psychological and social problems in the living society. In this connection, this research paper exclusively focuses on the sudden rise of domestic violence, depression, and surge of anger between people since the virus outbreak in India. This study covers various associated issues as well as views on financial and social issues and government actions to control the spread of the virus when these negative characteristics make the situation more vulnerable. Thus, through the findings and analysis of this paper, it is useful to know the pulse of common people in India and their tactics to handle these situations which also prevents negativity in people because of these crucial circumstances.
... Stabilizing and motivating the economy during this downturn requires mid and long-term strategies. A comprehensive socioeconomic development plan with infrastructure and sector-specific schemes is vital, supporting businesses with reliable and sustainable models to ensure their success and drive recovery (Kumar, et al., 2020). According to the report, the lockdown has a detrimental effect on the village's development efforts. ...
The lockdown in India, a coronavirus-related inescapable consequence explained in the name of all residents' self-protection, has numerous consequences for all classes in rural Telangana. What does lockdown signify to people in rural India from various socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds? What effect does a lockdown have on the closing of educational institutions? What effects do the COVID-19 laws and regulations have on those who are ill-health and how deceased bodies are handled? The research examined the issues that the pandemic-related lockdown caused for rural residents in general and their livelihoods in particular. The study is based on empirical research conducted in a village. Personal interviews were performed with the respondents. The study shows that lockdown harms rural livelihoods. Hence, the revival of the rural economy depends on the effective policies that are prepared and implemented by the government in its post-pandemic measurements.
... The lockdown and the pandemic drastically reduced the production, distribution, and consumption of poultry products [36], with a 35% decrease in egg and chicken production in Bangladesh [37], and 32.5% of respondents indicating that their poultry farming was severely affected by COVID-19 [38]. The demand for chicken initially decreased as a result of the pandemic [39][40][41]. Following the onset of COVID-19, prices of poultry products at the farm, wholesale, and retail levels sharply declined in the first three months. ...
... Besides, the management team is required to implement business efficiency so as to allocate many resources more effectively [25]. Limited resources as a consequence of economic decline should encourage companies to build team solidarity so that they can survive the crisis or grow in a difficult situation [26]. ...
span lang="EN-US">The pandemic of COVID-19 has increased tensions between Islamic rural banks and private schools. Many parents lose their jobs and are thus unable to pay their children’s school tuition. Private schools, on the other hand, are heavily reliant on tuition and bank financing. As a result, student enrollment falls, school finances suffer a deficit, many parents and students lose trust in the school, and some students may wish to drop out. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of financial relaxation on schools’ resilience. It was qualitative research with a case study approach focusing on the causal relationship of an Islamic rural banks with a private school affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta Vocational High School and Islamic rural banks’ Bangun Drajat Warga (BDW). The research finding reveals that BDW Islamic rural banks has implemented financing relaxation three times to ease the school’s burden and it has resulted in an improvement in the school’s resilience by as much as 33%. Besides, due to the high ideological commitment and adaptability of Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta Vocational High School as well as the success of gaining parents’ trust regarding online teaching and learning, there has been an increase in the school tuition by as much as 80%. Although though the COVID-19 epidemic is coming to an end, it is still important to study the financial flexibility of Islamic rural banks and private schools in similar crises in the past to better prepare for the future.</span
... Globally, the Covid-19 pandemic is harming the economic (Abrams et al., 2022;Akbulaev et al., 2020;Kumar et al., 2020;Maital & Barzani, 2020;McKibbin & Fernando, 2020;Mulugeta et al., 2021;Park et al., 2020;Teachout & Zipfel, 2020). As forecasted by UNICEF, the number of children living in monetary-poor households may increase by 142 million in developing countries by the end of 2020 (UNICEF, 2020). ...
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has been extensively discussed, but only a limited number of studies investigate how pandemics are related to traumatic experiences for children. Using a literature review of 38 peer-reviewed articles, both qualitative and quantitative published in the reputable international journals, this study examines how pandemic situations trigger trauma in children. From the literature review, we concluded a number of impacts of Covid 19 on children, including their experience of sudden and shocking changes of events, loss, grief, domestic violence, Covid-19 infections, being surrounded by an adult experiencing mental health disturbance, and becoming the victim of financial restraint faced by their parents. In the frame of relational-cultural theory, parents, caretakers, and educators must help children to reconnect with their peers and environment to face adverse experiences caused by the covid-19 pandemic by providing mutual empathy and building trustworthiness. As culture is an active factor in relational processes, we need to consider individual cultural values to support children who have experienced trauma during the pandemic. Abstrak: Penelitian telah menunjukan berbagai dampak dari Covid-19, namun pembahasan tentang kemungkinan dampak Covid-19 terhadap trauma pada anak-anak masih jarang. Artikel ini menggunakan literature review untuk menganalisis kaitan antara covid-19 dan trauma pada anak. Review dilakukan pada 38 artikel hasil penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang telah dipublikasikan pada peer-reviewed jurnal internasional bereputasi. Hasil dari literature review diketahui bahwa anak-anak mengalami kejadian tiba-tiba yang mengejutkan, kehilangan, kekerasan, terinfeksi covid-19, bersama dengan orang dewasa yang mengalami tekanan mental dan kesulitan ekonomi. Berdasarkan relational-cultural theory, orang tua atau pengasuh dan pendidik perlu menyediakan lingkungan yang aman bagi anak dengan menunjukan empati dan membangun kepercayaan anak sehingga anak bisa menghadapi situasi traumatis selama pandemi Covid-19. Budaya merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi relasi, sehingga dalam membantu anak-anak yang mengalami trauma selama pandemi perlu untuk mempertimbangkan nilai budaya individu.
... It is a problem in health systems and social and economic realms. In short, Covid-19 has wreaked havoc around the world, infecting millions of people, killing hundreds of thousands of people, weakening health systems (Pawar, 2020;Ratuva et al., 2021), and making socioeconomic disruption in many countries (Nocola et al., 2020;Supriatna, 2020;Kumar et al., 2020;Bashir et al., 2020;Buheji et al., 2020). In the case of Indonesia, the implementation of physical and social distancing in the form of PSBB (large-scale social restrictions) and PPKM (community activities restrictions enforcement) policies to overcome the spread of Covid-19 have negatively impacted social and economic systems. ...
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a wide impact on various sectors of people’s lives, including socio-economic disruption. In Indonesia, at both local and national government levels, the social protection programs have become a key tool for policymakers to overcome the negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. This study aims to examine how the local authorities and community networks called P2SE (Pekalongan Peduli Sosial Ekonomi or Pekalongan Cares Socio-Economy) in Pekalongan city respond to the socio-economic crisis during the Covid-19 pandemic in order to increase the resilience of urban poor and vulnerable group as well as reducing social inequalities. One way of doing this is through integrated social protection provision involving various communities from local authority, academicians, civil society, businessman and micro small and medium enterprises. This article argues that the community networks-based integrated social protection provision model is an alternative strategy to help state authority in addressing poverty and socio-economic inequality in inclusive and participatory ways. In this way, some issues of inequality and political interests in the process of resource distribution related to the provision of social protection can be minimized. Therefore, this model of providing social protection based on integrated community networks can be used as an alternative strategy to reduce inequality and build the resilience of urban poor and other vulnerable groups when facing crisis due to unpredictable disasters such as the Covid-19.
... Based on understanding the importance of having variables that can control the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, this study uses control variables, namely technology and green initiatives. Technology variables are used based on the importance of adopting innovation for all companies to maintain sustainability, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic [44]. Nartey [29] also states that information technology can link one activity to another and shows the importance of managing carbon emissions, which ultimately influences the adoption of carbon management accounting. ...
The Iraqi economy operates with a large number of variables and seeks through them to achieve economic goals of economic growth, full employment, economic stability, reducing inflation and other goals, and this is done through macroeconomic policies, monetary and financial. The problem for the budget system is embodied in the urgent need for reform and development that includes the preparation and implementation of a model budget in a way that can enhance the ability and resilience of the financial and economic system to confront economic crises in a technologically advanced environment, where technological development is represented by the digital economy as a transformative force, embodying the convergence of technology and the Internet in shaping a new scene of economic activity, which includes a wide network of companies, institutions and individuals who use digital technologies and the Internet to create, exchange and consume goods, services and information. The digital economy is essentially based on data as the blood that feeds innovation and decision-making trends Highlights: Iraqi economy aims for growth via macroeconomic, monetary, and financial policies. Budget reform crucial for resilience in a tech-driven, digital economy. Data fuels innovation, shaping decision-making in economic activities. Keywords: Digital economy, General Budget, Efficiency, Iraqi Economy
This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, examining the diverse responses and precautionary measures adopted by nations worldwide. It also delves into the trans-formative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in health surveillance and its implications for economic dynamics. AI, a key driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is undergoing rapid evolution, prompting discussions on its benefits and challenges. Despite varying perspectives, its indispensability in modern society is acknowledged, with AI poised to drive societal transformation and restore global equilibrium. The study also highlights the active engagement of Arab countries, including Bahrain, in the AI landscape.
Transportation networks play a critical part in the spread of infectious diseases between populations. In this work, we define a networked susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered epidemic process with loss of immunity over time (SEIRS) that explicitly models the flow of individuals between sub-populations, which serves as the propagating mechanism for infection. We provide sufficient conditions for local stability and instability of the healthy state of the system and show that no perturbation of population flows can change the local stability of any healthy state. We also provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an endemic state. We then develop tools and methods for applying our model to real-world data, including spreading parameter estimation and disease arrival time prediction, and apply them in a case study using both travel and infection data from counties in Minnesota during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Accurate and timely detection of Covid-19 from medical imaging plays a critical role in patient management and public health response. This research presents a pioneering approach for Covid-19 segmentation and severity analysis from CT images, leveraging a novel Seeker optimization with a mask region convolutional neural network (Mask RCNN) based efficient model. The methodology integrates advanced optimization techniques with state-of-the-art deep learning architectures to achieve precise segmentation of Covid-19 lesions and comprehensive severity assessment based on the spread area of the disease. The proposed framework begins with an adaptive filtering pre-processing step applied to the CT images, aimed at reducing noise and enhancing relevant features crucial for subsequent analysis. This pre-processing step employs adaptive filtering techniques to adjust filter parameters based on local image characteristics, thereby improving image quality and detection accuracy. Subsequently, Seeker Optimization employs to optimize the hyperparameters of the Mask RCNN model, including network architecture, learning rates, and regularization parameters. Seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) dynamically adapts to the complex parameter space, efficiently guiding the Optimized mask region convolutional neural network (OMRCNN) model towards optimal configurations for accurate Covid-19 detection and segmentation. The OMRCNN model is then utilized for Covid-19 detection and segmentation, focusing on precise localization and delineation of infected regions within CT scans. Leveraging its ability to generate high-quality segmentation masks, the proposed approach facilitates the quantitative assessment of disease severity by analyzing the spread area of Covid-19 lesions. Severity analysis is performed by quantifying the extent of lung involvement, providing valuable insights into disease progression and informing clinical decision-making. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed OMRCNN methodology, extensive experiments were conducted on a diverse dataset of CT images from Covid-19 positive cases. The dataset included 2481 CT images, divided into 1252 coronavirus-infected images and 1229 non-coronavirus images. Among these, 1985 images were used for training and the remaining for testing. The model achieved an accuracy of 96.73% in detecting Covid-19 disease. Additionally, it showed significant improvement in segmentation performance, with metrics such as precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-Score outperforming conventional approaches. By accurately delineating Covid-19 lesions and quantifying disease severity, the framework offers a valuable tool for clinicians in diagnosing and managing Covid-19 patients effectively.
Social workers have largely contributed to policy analysis and planning since the rise of the discipline’s professional identity. It is through lobbying, policy advocacy and macro-practice that responses about human rights and social justice are crafted and integrated in international and transnational social work practice. Yet, these roles have for a while been suppressed in an attempt to standardise and confine the profession in the limits of a given nation’s legal and social status. Public crises like the recent novel virus SARS-CoV-2, come to force us to rethink what has been the role of social workers before such crises. Are we well prepared to take on these roles again, when for a long while education and practice has shied away from them, leaving contemporary practitioners in a predicament situation? This paper will explore both challenges and opportunities in social policy, arising from COVID-19, and will argue the need for re-emphasising on the social workers’ role in social policy, with the intention to make recommendations for education and practice.
This research investigates the Russian stock market response to COVID-19 pandemic and compares how the reactions to it varied among the industries. The event study and Wavelet coherence were applied to answer the research question. It was discovered that the Russian stock market in general had a strong negative reaction to the COVID-19 outbreak. However the response to the fi rst case was stronger than the response to the fi rst COVID-19 related death. It was also discovered that most of the industries reacted to the pandemic in line with the overall negative reaction of the market, with transportation and fi nancial sectors dem- onstrating the most strong response. The returns of the different sectors showed high coher- ence during the fi rst wave of the pandemic that is another fi nding. However, the chemical sector reacted rather moderately to the COVID-19 and demonstrated lower coherence with the other sectors during the fi rst wave of the pandemic, so it might be benefi cial to include the stocks of the chemical companies in the portfolio for its diversifi cation. The results obtained have practi- cal value for the investors (in terms of portfolio construction) and governmental regulators that are trying to mitigate the impact of the shocks on the stock market.
В данном исследовании изучается реакция российского фондового рынка на последствия пандемии COVID-19 для компаний разных отраслей. Для оценки влияния в исследовании использован событийный анализ и метод вейвлет-преобразований. По результатам исследования было определено, что в целом российский фондовый рынок негативно отреагировал на последствия пандемии, однако реакция на первый случай выявления COVID-19 была сильнее, чем реакция на первую смерть, связанную с COVID-19. Было обнаружено, что большинство отраслей отреагировали на последствия пандемии в соответствии с общей негативной реакцией рынка, причем наиболее выраженная реакция на последствия пандемии была отмечена в секторе транспорта и финансовом секторе. Важный результат исследования состоит в доказательстве однонаправленности доходностей в различных отраслях во время первой волны пандемии. В то же время химический сектор довольно умеренно отреагировал на приход COVID-19 и продемонстрировал меньшую согласованность с другими секторами во время первой волны пандемии, поэтому в целях диверсификации финансовых рисков инвестору было целесообразно включать в портфель акции химических компаний. Полученные результаты имеют практическое значение для инвесторов (с точки зрения построения портфеля) и государственных регуляторов, которые пытаются смягчить влияние шоков на фондовый рынок.
This study investigates the complex correlation between air pollution, meteorological factors, and daily COVID-19 cases in central Thailand. The arithmetic means and standard deviations of trace gaseous species, meteorological factors, daily COVID-19 incidence, and PM2.5 concentrations are displayed. Univariate analysis, using Pearson correlation, shows strong positive relationships with daily COVID-19 incidence and O3, consistent with global studies. Previous research has found negative connections between the daily average levels of PM2.5 and NO2 with O3. This study investigates the mechanism of the interaction between O3 and NOx, with a particular focus on its termination under specific atmospheric circumstances and the subsequent negative correlations between O3 and NO2. A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) is performed, which shows significant positive MLRA coefficients for O3 in different areas of Thailand during the COVID-19 lockdown. The significant decreases in NO2 and other air pollution emissions are associated with substantial improvements in ground-level O3. The rise in O3 levels is linked to an increase in the atmosphere’s ability to oxidize, resulting in the formation of secondary aerosols. This has consequences for human respiratory health and might potentially contribute to a rise in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The existence of positive associations between ground-level O3 and COVID-19 infections is recognized, taking into account the detrimental impact on respiratory health. Nevertheless, the study prudently acknowledges that a correlation between variables does not necessarily indicate a cause-and-effect relationship. It emphasizes the presence of other influential factors such as population density, healthcare infrastructure, public health initiatives, and socioeconomic determinants that may obfuscate the results. To summarize, the study offers valuable understanding of the intricate relationships among air contaminants, meteorological circumstances, and the occurrence of COVID-19 in Thailand. This highlights the possible influence of ground-level O3 on respiratory well-being and indicates the necessity for further research to clarify any direct correlation with COVID-19 infection.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus as a pandemic. The virus spreads through person-to-person contact, and governments have implemented various measures to protect their citizens from its spread. The pandemic has raised the importance of remote monitoring, automation, data-driven decision-making, etc. All of which are covered under major benefits of the Internet of Things (IoT). This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the adoption and usage of IoT. The pandemic has expedited the adoption and deployment of IoT devices in various key sectors such as education, healthcare, transportation, industrial, tourism, and manufacturing. The details of adoption of IoT in these sectors have been explored and presented in this paper. Overall, the paper reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness and increased adoption of IoT among masses and this trend is expected to continue in the post-pandemic era also.
TThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the field of social science research, necessitating a re-evaluation of research methods and practices. This research explores the transformative efforts of COVID-19 on social science research, focusing on the changes in methodologies and practices that have emerged in response to the pandemic.Existing literature was reviewed on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected research methods and practices in social sciences. Digital questionnaire was developed to collect primary data from social science researchers indicating the changes they have made in their research methods, the reasons behind these changes, and their perceptions of the effectiveness of these adaptations. Telephonic interviews and focused group discussions were conducted with the selected group of social scientists who have experienced significant changes in their research due to COVID-19. Their experiences, challenges, and innovative solutions they have employed have been explored. Secondary data was also generated from various online and offline platforms. Total 50 social science researchers were surveyed and interviewed. The results of the study shall be helpful to researchers, society, government and policymakers to pay special attention on this particular issue. The main findings and their implications for the field of social science research shall be summarized. The key ways in which the landscape has been reshaped by the COVID-19 pandemic shall be highlighted.
The prevention and control measures adopted by various countries have different effects in the face of COVID-19. The performance in some socialist countries and capitalist countries were compared from three aspects, including the proportion of confirmed cases and deaths to the national population, economic recovery and production and living, social satisfaction and international evaluation. The overall performance of listed socialist countries was better than that of capitalist countries. China's performance, forming a unique Chinese model of the epidemic prevention and control, was better than that of other socialist countries. The successful experience of Chinese model can be mainly reflected in four aspects, including resource allocation, social participation, speed and quality, system and mechanism optimization. The successful experience roots in the four institutional advantages of the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), coordinated national response, basic economic system and traditional Chinese culture. In the future, Chinese government should adhere to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and improve the public health and emergency management system. Chinese government should accelerate the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. These findings are of great significance in understanding China's prevention and control measures, the institutional advantages and subsequent optimization.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis sentralitas India melalui kebijakan multi-alignment-nya yang berusaha berhubungan baik dengan negara dari berbagai macam blok dalam forum multilateral untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya demi menghadapi resesi global 2023. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik studi literatur, tulisan ini mencoba melihat upaya India dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan multi-alignment, khususnya pada forum internasional. Tulisan ini meninjau sikap India sebagai kekuatan baru dalam memediasi permasalahan global. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa India merupakan sebuah kekuatan baru dalam tata kelola global yang memiliki signifikansi yang kuat. Munculnya India sebagai kekuatan baru dipertegas melalui upaya strategis India dalam berhubungan dengan negara lain. Penulis meninjau keanggotaan India di forum-forum internasional yang menunjukkan preferensi India dalam tatanan global demi kepentingan nasionalnya. Peran aktif India di BRICS, IBSA dan IMF menunjukkan prestige India sebagai kekuatan baru di politik global dalam memposisikan kepentingan India. Adapun penulis menyarankan bahwa sentralitas India dalam forum internasional juga perlu lebih diperkuat, khususnya terhadap tantangan presidensi G20 mendatang yang berhadapan dengan resesi global 2023. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan multi-alignment India efektif untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya.
Several nonpharmaceutical intervention protocols in the form of lockdowns were officially enforced across Thailand to exigently decrease the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19 disease. A massive contraction of Thailand’s economic activities changed its influences on air pollutants, especially nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). To elucidate these alterations, we investigate the data from 31 continuous ambient air quality observatory stations in the central part of Thailand from 12 January 2020 to 30 April 2022. Negative correlation coefficients between PM 2.5 and O 3 in ambient air ranged from -0.35 to -0.71, which can be attributed to the opposing effects of these two air pollutants. While O 3 is principally generated by photochemical reactions in the presence of NO x and VOC, PM 2.5 can absorb and scatter solar radiation, leading to the inhibition of O 3 formation. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis underlined the importance of O 3 as the main air pollutant affecting the enhancement of COVID-19 infection rates.
The bipolar fuzzy set and interval-valued bipolar fuzzy set efficiently analyze real-world problems where for each input of an object, there has counter information. This study's main objective is to lay a foundation for considering a new approach to the bipolar fuzzy hybrid operators tool applied in a realistic frame that contains uncertainties. In this view, some mixed aggregation operators, namely, the hybrid bipolar fuzzy weighted averaging geometric (H-BFWAG), hybrid bipolar fuzzy order weighted averaging geometric (H-BFOWAG), hybrid interval-valued bipolar fuzzy weighted averaging geometric (H-IVBFWAG), and hybrid interval-valued bipolar fuzzy order weighted averaging geometric (H-IVBFOWAG) operators have been generated in bipolar fuzzy environment. A decision making approach has been developed to build the multi-criteria decision making model. A numerical example is considered to study the different effects on various Indian economic sectors in the COVID-19 ("coronavirus disease of 2019") environment. Managerial implications have been highlighted in between many industrial sectors on which the Indian economy depends and the country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) also depends on their interrelationship. We have studied COVID-19's Impact on society and the economy in the Indian context. A comparative investigation has been introduced with some pre-existing operators and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to justify the proposed method.
This paper tries to quantify the impact of government policy intervention on the death due to COVID-19 in India at national, regional and sub-national levels. The data used for this study are collected from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), a longitudinal database of daily government response from Jan 28th, 2020, when the first COVID case was diagnosed in India till December 31st, 2022. Here, stringency measures, which gauge the severity of interventions such as lock-downs and travel restrictions, indicative of government control; and containment measures, representing a spectrum of actions aimed at preventing or limiting virus transmission and the overall government support , providing a holistic assessment of the government’s efforts in mitigating the virus’s spread. Using the Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) method, this paper finds out that the stringency and overall government support interventions by the government have been successful in reducing the death counts by 25% and 23% respectively however the containment intervention alone has failed to reduce the death at all levels. Exploring regional variations, event study plots reveal nuanced temporal dynamics. The daily and 24-day lagged dependent variables, representing overall government response and stringency measures, reveal a consistent impact post-intervention at the all-India level. Both current and lagged variables show a reduction in COVID-19 deaths, with a more pronounced effect emerging after a four-day lag. Event-study plots with a 24-day lagged dependent variable confirm the anticipated negative impact of overall government response on deaths. However, the pattern diverges for stringency and overall government interventions compared to daily death counts.
JEL Classifications
I18, I38, C23, C54
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted society around the world and had an impact on many facets of human welfare. This essay offers a thorough analysis of how COVID-19 has affected people's quality of life, particularly in Africa. The study highlights the socioeconomic , health, and psychological effects of the pandemic in the area, such as elevated mortality rates, difficulties with mental health, a downturn in the economy, disruption of the supply chain, and disruptions in social interactions, by looking at a wide range of scholarly articles, reports, and data sources from the PUBMed database. It also looks at regional responses, difficulties encountered, and viable solutions to lessen the consequences and improve people's well-being. It also considers prospective benefits, including enhanced cleanliness standards, technological breakthroughs, and societal resilience. The review's findings advance knowledge of the multiple effects of COVID-19 on human wellbeing and offer policymakers, researchers, and practitioners' useful information for formulating plans to lessen the adverse effects and advance the general welfare of people and communities in the post-pandemic era.
Breaking the “poverty trap” has gradually become the core topic of economic research. The transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is considered an essential means to break the “poverty trap”. How to use the digital economy effect to change the allocation of capital and labor factors and realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is a significant issue in this paper. The study focuses on examining the development of China’s digital economy between 2013 and 2021, uses the entropy method to measure it, and conducts an empirical study through a fixed-effects model and an intermediary-effect model to investigate the influence and mechanism of the digital economy on industrial structure transformation and upgrading. The results indicate the following: Firstly, the digital economy plays a crucial role in facilitating the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and this conclusion was still robust even after controlling for a series of factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and correcting the endogenous estimation deviation by using instrumental variables. Secondly, through the heterogeneity analysis of regions with different economic development levels, it was found that compared with economically developed regions, economically backward regions need to pay more attention to the development of the digital economy. Thirdly, the examination of the mechanism revealed that the digital economy has realized the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure by optimizing the allocation of capital and labor. In this paper, Schumpeter’s innovation theory is regarded as a new perspective to break the “poverty trap” and realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, filling the gap in related research in this field. This study provides a suggestion for economically backward areas to break the “poverty trap” and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustained economic growth of the whole country.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on Indian information technology enterprises using data from the 10 largest IT firms listed on the Nifty IT index. Data were sourced from the PROWESS IQ database for 2017–2022. Input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) using CCR and BCC models was applied by taking gross revenue as an output and labour, costs of fuel, materials, power, administrative and general costs as input variables. The study finds a positive although not statistically significant difference in the efficiency of Nifty IT companies during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic levels. Additionally, firms experienced higher scale efficiency compared to production efficiency growth throughout 2020–2022. Around 70% of Nifty IT firms faced a decreased efficiency in input utilization during the COVID-19 outbreak. Further, 50% of Nifty IT firms operated under increasing returns to scale and required expansion of business in 2021–2022. The dimensions of returns to scale exhibited stability in the long run. Companies with increasing returns to scale had a 7% lower average technical efficiency than firms with decreasing returns to scale. Large firms demonstrated better scale efficiency. The results of the study can be used by managers to increase the efficiency of firms.
The COVID-19 pandemic’s pernicious consequences are characterised as quintessential disruptors that have inflicted widespread havoc upon human, social, and economic spheres globally, leading to a surge in online shopping and underscoring the significance of its examination. This study comprehensively investigates online shopping research by scrutinising 410 publications between 2002 and 2022 sourced from the dimensions AI database, revealing China’s preeminent position in the field, followed closely by the USA and India, with US publications demonstrating high citation rates and formidable collaborative networks. Utilising the TCCM framework, this study performs a systematic review of selected articles and identifies the most popular constructs, theories, contexts, and methodologies employed in extant studies, yielding profound insights that have the potential to inform policymakers’ and businesses’ policies and strategies aimed at fostering sustainable and profitable online commerce that meets the dynamic and evolving needs of consumers, while also suggesting future research avenues.
In this paper, an epidemic SI model with n n -infectious stages is studied. Lyapunov functions are used to conduct the global stability analysis for equilibrium points. The n n -basic reproduction ratios R 1 , R 2 , …, R n are computed, and the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) is the max value between this ratios is obtained. For, j = 1 , 2 , . . . , n when R j is less than one, all strains die out, and if it is greater than one, then persists. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are found, and we studied the global stability for them by using the direct Lyapunov functions. The Maple program is used for carrying a numerical simulations to support the analytically results.
To stop the spread of COVID-19, a number of public health policies and restrictions were implemented during the pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic. This study provides a quantitative assessment of how these policies impacted subjective well-being (SWB) in the United States over a 6-month period spanning March to August 2020. We study two specific research objectives. First, we aim to quantify the impacts of COVID-19 public health policies at different levels of stringency on SWB. Second, we train and implement a conditional inference tree model for predicting individual SWB based both on socio-demographic characteristics and policies then in place. Our results indicate that policies such as enforcing strict stay-at-home requirements and closing workplaces were negatively associated with SWB, and that an individual’s socio-demographic characteristics, including income status, job, and gender, conditionally interact with policies such as workplace closure in a predictive model of SWB. Therefore, although such policies may have positive health implications, they also have secondary environmental and social implications that need to be taken into account in any cost-benefit analysis of such policies for future pandemic preparedness. Our proposed methodology suggests a way to quantify such impacts through the lens of SWB, and to further advance the science of pandemic preparedness from a public health perspective.
The mHealth apps have greatly changed the way patients access the healthcare industry. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the use of mobile health apps improves patient experience and behavioural intention. The authors used 179-outpatient experience questionnaire to survey patient experience. The U-test and H-test were employed to compare the different categorical characteristics between mobile health app patients. An examination gives resilient supporting the utilization of mHealth applications for improving patient experience. Versatile wellbeing applications show increasingly exact wellbeing data and straightforward clinical charge data. They likewise furnish patients with more chances to speak with doctors and may improve the connection among doctors and patients. Mobile health app patients in India were younger, better educated, living in urban areas, and had higher demands for specialists. In addition, mobile health app patients gave significantly moderate scores.
This chapter explores patient satisfaction with healthcare service quality particularly medical and non-medical service quality as a significant component in the appraisal of service quality attention of the COVID-19 outbreak. In this way, this investigation discovers how the patients evaluated service nature of facilities at private medical clinics in India. This examination in private emergency clinics with 300 patients arbitrarily chose from five private medical clinics. Information was gathered utilizing a survey, the legitimacy and dependability of which was affirmed in past examination. The outcomes demonstrated that among eight hypotheses of service quality, the patients were progressively happy with doctor meeting, services expenses, and confirmation process. There was a noteworthy connection between the positive impression of service quality and socio-economic factors in this research process. Most of the patients had positive involvement in visiting facilities and non-medical service quality arrangement.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact, affecting public health, economies, and social structures. Accurate forecasting of the spread and severity of the disease has become crucial for effective decision-making and resource allocation. Machine learning techniques have emerged as powerful tools for COVID-19 forecasting due to their ability to analyze complex data patterns and make predictions. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the stateof-the-art machine learning approaches employed for COVID-19 forecasting, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and future directions. We discuss the different data sources used, feature engineering techniques, modelling strategies, and evaluation metrics employed in COVID-19 forecasting research. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with COVID-19 forecasting, including data quality issues, model interpretability, and ethical considerations. We conclude by outlining potential areas for future research and emphasizing the importance of collaboration and data sharing to improve the accuracy and reliability of COVID-19 forecasting models.
The micro small and medium scale industry in India is an important sector, as it has contributed tremendously to the economic as well as social development. It has not only encouraged entrepreneurship but has also been instrumental in generating employment. The sector supports large-scale industries as it offers a wide range of products and services. The Covid 19 pandemic is having an impact on the sector such as loss of profit and revenue, loss of employment, and working capital problems. The chapter covers the impact in three stages: pre-pandemic, during the lock down, post-lock down and post-pandemic. It studies the remedial measures undertaken to revive and sustain the sector. It traces the risks, challenges, and opportunities for the sector. The chapter focuses on the journey of the MSMEs Sector from before the pandemic to the current situation and tries to analyse what lies ahead.
Impact of coronavirus on the digital payments segment in India
- S Khosla
Khosla, S. (2020), "Impact of coronavirus on the digital payments segment in India", available at: www.
dqindia.com/impact-coronavirus-digital-payments-segment-India/
Covid-19 lockdown estimated to cost India $4.5 billion a day: acuité ratings
- The Hindu Business Line
World bank sees FY21 India growth at 1.5-2.8% – slowest since economic reforms three decades ago
- The Times of India
What is the impact of coronavirus on Indian economy?
- S Goyal
Goyal, S. (2020), "What is the impact of coronavirus on Indian economy?", available at: www.
jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/what-is-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-indian-economy-1582870052-1
Covid-19 and its impact on the Indian IT industry
- V Kumar
Kumar, V. (2020), "Covid-19 and its impact on the Indian IT industry", available at: https://
industrywired.com/covid-19-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-it-industry/
Covid-19 impact: domestic demand for petrol, diesel, ATF and shipping fuel drop 10%
- S Choudhary
Choudhary, S. (2020), "Covid-19 impact: domestic demand for petrol, diesel, ATF and shipping fuel
drop 10%", available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/domesticdemand-for-petrol-diesel-atf-shipping-fuel-drop-10/articleshow/74681471.cms?from=mdr
COVID-19 and its impact on Indian economy
- M Muthukrishnan
Muthukrishnan, M. (2020), "COVID-19 and its impact on Indian economy", available at: https://bfsi.
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COVID-19 educational disruption and response
UNESCO (2020a), "COVID-19 educational disruption and response", UNESCO, https://en.unesco.org/
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The covid-19 pandemic and Indian agriculture: a note
- Webadmin
Addressing COVID-19 impacts on agriculture, food security, and livelihoods in India
- S Mahendra Dev
Mahendra Dev, S. (2020), "Addressing COVID-19 impacts on agriculture, food security, and livelihoods
in India", available at: www.ifpri.org/blog/addressing-COVID-19-impacts-agriculture-foodsecurity-and-livelihoods-india
Stock markets post worst losses in history; aensex crashes 3,935 points amid coronavirus lockdown
The Indian Express (2020), "Stock markets post worst losses in history; aensex crashes 3,935 points
amid coronavirus lockdown", The Indian Express, available at: https://indianexpress.com/
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We should plan for negative growth rate this FY, says Arvind Subramanian
- The Indian Express
Adverse consequences of school closures
UNESCO (2020b), "Adverse consequences of school closures", UNESCO, available at: https://en.unesco.
org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences
136 million jobs at risk in post-corona India
- G Das
Das, G. (2020), "136 million jobs at risk in post-corona India", Livemint, available at: www.livemint.
com/news/india/136-million-jobs-at-risk-in-post-corona-india-11585584169192.html
Covid-19: how the deadly virus hints at a looming financial crisis
- M Goyal
Goyal, M. (2020), "Covid-19: how the deadly virus hints at a looming financial crisis", The Economic
Times, available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/covid-19-crisis-how-the-deadly-virus-hints-at-a-looming-financial-crisis/articleshow/74752200.cms
290 Million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response
- UNESCO