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JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS
ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 6, ISSUE 6, 2019
842
STUDY OF EFFECT OF SIDDHASANADI ASANAS ON
RANGE OF MOTION OF HIP JOINT ON HEALTHY
VOLUNTEERS
Dr. Rajni K. Gurmule1*, Dr. Priti Desai2, Dr. Premkumar Badwaik3
1Deptartment of Rachana Sharir, Assistant Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research
Centre, Salod [H], Wardha, Mobile no. 7720088789,
2Deptartment of Rachana Sharir, Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research Centre,
Salod[H], Wardha, Mobile no. 9923020425,
3Deptartment of Swasthavritta, Associate Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital and Research
Centre, Salod[H], Wardha, Mobile no. 9822253328,
1rajni.gurmule@gmail.com, 2drprdesai@gmail.com,3 badwaik.prem@gmail.com
Received: 03 Sep 2019 Revised: 11 Oct 2019 Accepted: 23 Nov 2019
ABSTRACT: Yoga are the main tool of Ayurveda that are useful for maintaining the body in healthy state
throughout the life. Asanas are one of the important components of Yoga. These are described in Vedic literature
of Ayurveda like Hathyogapradipika, Gherand Samhita etc. These Asanas relieve the mental and physical stress
of the body. Due to sedentary lifestyle and lack of concentration towards health, people are suffering from various
health issues. Joints are also get involved in various diseases. One of such important joint in body is hip joint
which is prone to loose range of motion and flexibility due to unhealthy practices. This leads to wide range of
diseases such as Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Avascular necrosis etc. So it is better to prevent further
course of disease and keep the joints in healthy condition by increasing range of motion. Siddhasanadi Asanas
(Siddhasana, Gomukhasana, Shalbhasana) involves hip joint. These Asanas are easy to perform alongwith day
to day activities. There is no work done till today to show the effect of Siddhasanadi on range of motion of hip
joint. So its our effect to show effect of these Asanas on range of motion of hip joint on healthy volunteers. This
can be elixir to prevent diseases of hip joint in future and will assuredly help to keep joints in normal healthy
condition. This is an observational study which will be conducted on 30 healthy volunteers to study effect of
Siddhasanadi Asanas on range of motion of hip joint.During Siddhasanadi Asanas hip joint is greatly involved.
So these can show definite effect on range of motion of joint and flexibility of hip joint will be increased. This
will prevent further diseases of hip joint.–DMIMS(DU)IEC/Aug-2019/8310 (10/9/2019)
KEYWORDS: study of effect of siddhasanadi asanas on range of motion of hip joint on healthy volunteers
I. BACKGROUND
Ayurveda is eternal science of life. Its main aim is not only to maintain the good health but also to cure any disease
from root.[1] Aacharya Sushruta has rightly said that there is very much importance of Ayurveda in day to day
life in treating the diseases and maintaining healthy life.[2] In present era, due to sedentary life style people are
facing many health related problems. People are losing their normal flexibility. Workplace conditions are also one
of the factors that are contributing to the postural problems related to various joints. Also due to sedentary and
stressful lifestyle, people are unable to concentrate on health. Due to restrictions in joint movement people are
often suffering from several joint problems. They are losing flexibility that is range of motion of various joints
and have affliction in the form of stiffness and many other annoying conditions. Range of motion is the flexibility
of joints. It is also the ability of joints to move freely. The range of motion around a joint as determined by the
elasticity of the muscles, tendon and ligaments associated with the joint under consideration. Hip joint (Vankshan
Sandhi) is one of the important joints of body. It has locomotor function. The commonest problems associated
with hip joint are Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Avascular necrosis in which range of motion it is adversely
affected. As per modern science, exercise is one of the preventive treatment of these diseases.
“Yogshastra” is one kind of science which is useful for maintaining physical, mental and spiritual health of human
being. Yoga is a skilled performance.[3] It is state of balance between failure and win or body and mind.[4]
Maharshi Patanjali stated Astanga Yoga.[5] Among them Asana is at third position. Stable and comfortable
posture is Asana.[6] Asana is the first step of Hathayopga, which produces lightness of the body, enhances
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strength and health.[7] Utility of Asana can be taken as two folds that is spiritually, it helps in controlling the
mind and to attain salvation. Also it help in preservation and cure of various diseases.
It is also kind of exercise which help to maintain body in healthy condition. That is stability is brought by Asana
and there is enhancement of strength due to it. It helps to sustain the exact and proper function of particular body
part for longer time. Asanas stated in Ayurveda resembles with the exercise. Various Asanas involves hip joint
during their procedure. Among them, we have chosen three Asanas viz. Siddhasana, Gomukhasana, Shalbhasana
as these are simple and easy and can be practiced on day to day basis by healthy individuals. These could have
great impact on flexibility of hip joint and these can help to sustain range of motion of hip joint and can keep hip
joint in healthy condition.
II. METHODS
Study design –
This is an observational study. Study will be conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & research
centre, Salod (H). In this study, effectiveness of Triaasanas on range of motion of hip joint will be tested. Healthy
volunteers will be randomly taken for the study. Study will be conducted for a period of 8 weeks. Ethical approval
has been got from institutional ethics comity.
Study setting –
Study will be conducted at Swasthavrutta O.P.D. of Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & research
centre, Salod (H) under the observation of trained Yoga expert.
Participants –
Healthy volunteers who are willing to participate in study will be recruited for study as per inclusion and
exclusion criteria.
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria –
1. Healthy volunteers willing to participate in study irrespective of sex, caste and religion from the age
group of 20-30 yrs will be taken for study.
2. Participants suffering from any systemic disorders, hip joint disorders or any sort of deformity will be
excluded. Also non co-operative participants will be excluded.
Sample size
30 healthy volunteers will be taken for study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. These were selected
randomly.
Recruitment –
Persons who are willing to take part in study will be abbreviated with detailed procedure of study. There written
consent will be taken prior to the start of study.
Baseline assessment –
Measurement of angles of both the hip joints will be taken in all 6 positions of movement with the help of 360
degree Goniometer will be carried out.
Methods of measurement of angles of hip joint to determine range of motion of hip joint are as follows
I) Flexion
Volunteer will be asked to lie in supine position with lower extremities in anatomical position. Goniometer axis
will be take over the greater trochanter of femur. Proximal (stationery) arm will be placed parallel to the
midaxillary line of the trunk and distal (moving) arm will be kept parallel to the longitudinal axis of femur in line
with lateral femoral codyle. Then individual will be asked to do hip joint flexion as possible as he can do and the
maximum reading will be taken. Knee joint flexion will be allowed.
II) Extension
Volunteer will be asked to lie in prone position on flat firm surface. He should maintain the contact of both iliac
crests with surface during measurement. Goniometer axis will be place over greater trochanter of femur. Proximal
(stationery) arm will be placed parallel to the midline of lateral pelvis and distal arm to the lateral condyle of
femur.
III) Adduction
Volunteer will be asked to lie in supine position and instructed to abduct opposite leg. Gonimeter axis will be kept
on the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) of measuring side. Proximal arm will be place in line with ASIS. Distal
arm will be aligned with the midline of patella. Angle will be measured when it is in full adduction.
IV) Abduction
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Volunteer will be asked to lie in supine position. The opposite innominate bone was asked stabilize. Goniometer
axis will be placed on the ASIS of the measuring side. Proximal arm will be place in line with ASIS. Distal arm
will be placed parallel to the long axis of femur. Angle will be measured when it is in full abduction.
V) Internal and VI) external rotation
Volunteer will be asked to sit with hip flexed and knee in 900. Opposite leg will be kept abducted resting on the
stool. Goniometer will be placed over the mid patella. Proximal arm of the goniometer will be placed
perpendicular to the floor. Distal arm will be place parallel to the long axis of tibia. Then individual will be asked
to rotate the hip externally and internally. And maximum reading of both will be taken.
Randomization –
Participants will be randomly selected by lottery method.
Assessment –
After baseline assessment given above volunteers will be trained with Siddhasanadi Asanas which are Siddhasana,
Shalbhasana, Gomukhasana under the guidance of Yoga expert.
For the procedure volunteers will be instructed to wear loose clothes while performing Asanas
They will be asked to come with empty stomach at 8 a.m. in the Swasthavritta O.P.D.
Warm exercise will be perform for 3 minutes before the actual start of Aasanas
Siddhasanadi Asanas will be performed every day morning collectively for 15 minutes and at the end
Shawasana will be done for 5 minutes.
Procedure of Siddhasana[8]
Participants will be instructed as follows -
Sit on the ground with legs stretched to front.
Flex the left leg at the knee. Hold the left foot with hands keep the heel near perineum and keep the sole
of left foot against right thigh.
Flex the right leg at the knee and keep the right foot over the left ankle, keeping the right heel against the
pubic bone
Keep the sole of right foot between the thigh and the calf of the left leg.
Sit in the position comfortably for some time and then come to earlier position.
Procedure of Gomukhasana[9]
Participants will be instructed as follows -
Participants are asked to do following procedure for Gomukhasana
Sit erect on floor with both legs stretched out.
Gently bend left leg and place it under right buttock. Fold right leg and place it over left thigh.
Place both knees close together as long as they are stacked one on the top of other.
Gently fold the left arm and place it behind back. Take right arm over right shoulder and stretch it as
much as possible until it reaches the left hand
Keep the trunk erect, expand chest and lean slightly back
Hold this pose until comfort, breath slowly and deeply
Concentrate on breathing. After that release the hands, straighten the legs and repeat the pose on opposite
side.
Procedure of Shalbhasana[10]
Participants will be instructed as follows -
Participants are asked to do following procedure for Shalbhasana
Lie flat on the stomach with the legs and feet together. Keep the soles of feet uppermost.
Place the arms at the sides of body. Keep the palms downward.
Slightly stretch the chin in forward direction. Rest the chin on the floor throughout the whole practice of
this Asana.
Gently close eyes, relax the whole body, inhale deeply.
Slowly start raising the legs as high as possible without straining. Don’t bend the knees , keep the legs
together and straight.
Hold this position as long as possible.
Exhale and slowly lower the legs on ground. Come back to the initial position.
Relax the whole body and let the breathing normal.
This course of Asanas will be performed for period of 8 weeks.
After the course of Siddhasanadi Aasana that is at end of study measurement of angles will be carried out
again with the help of 360 degree Goniometer as per the method given in baseline assessment.
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Comparison of the angles before and after will be carried out. From this range of motion that is flexibility of
hip joint will be studied.
III. METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS
Paired t-test will be applied to get the results of the study.
IV. DISCUSSION
Yoga is part and partial of Ayurveda which has been originated thousand years ago. There are mainly 8 component
of Yoga which are called Astang Yoga. Asana is one of the important constituent of these Astang Yoga. Asanas
have somewhat resemblance with exercises but these are different in many aspects. Asanas have preventive as
well as therapeutic use on many diseases especially of musculoskeletal system. Due to hurry, scurry and sedentary
lifestyle there is total ignorance towards health and people suffer from various agonizing problems such as
stiffness in joints, restriction in movements, pain in joints even at early age. It deteriorates range of motion of
the various joints. One of such joint that get badly affected is hip joint. Its range of motion also get affected in
diseases such as osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis etc. Proper procedure of Siddhasanadi Asana can have definite
results for increasing range of motion of hip joint. These can be used for strengthening muscles and ligaments in
relation of hip joint. It can be proven boon in the prevention of loss of flexibility and further disease pathogenesis
by increasing the range of motion. Articles on effects of Yoga and related exercises were reviewed [11-12].
Strength and limitations
To the best of our knowledge, there is no work done till today on this topic. This study will provide effect of
Siddhasanadi Asana on range of motion of hip joint of healthy volunteers. Further study should be carried out to
study the effect of these Asanas on diseased condition of hip joint.
Authors contribution
Study is conceptualize by investigator and co-investigators. And further study also will be conducted by
investigator and co-investigators.
Funding – no funding is taken
Availability of data and materials – Nil
Ethics approval and consent to participate-
Ethical comity has given approval to conduct this observational study. Written informed consent of all the
participants will be taken prior to participation in the study.
Consent for publication – Not applicable
Competing interests - Authors don’t have any competing interest.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Shukla Vidyadhar, Vaidya, Tripathi Ravidutt, Carakasamhita Sutrasthana 30/26, Varanasi:
Chaukhambha Sanskrit Pratishthan, ,Reprint 2010, 447p.
[2] Shashtri Ambikadatta, Susruta Samhita Sutrasthana 1/13, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, ,
Reprint 2010, 7p
[3] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
375p
[4] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
375p
[5] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
386p
[6] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
391p
[7] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
390p
[8] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
396p
[9] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
391p
[10] Dr. Rao Mangalagowari V. A textbook of Svasthavrtta, Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, Reprint 2014,
402p
[11] Khatib, M.N., R. Kirubakaran, S. Gaidhane, A.H. Shankar, and Z. Quazi Syed. “Yoga for Improving
Functional Capacity, Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Heart Failure.”
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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, no. 7 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012015.pub2.
[12] Gaidhane, A., A. Sinha, M. Khatib, P. Simkhada, P. Behere, D. Saxena, B. Unnikrishnan, M. Khatib, M.
Ahmed, and Q.S. Zahiruddin. “A Systematic Review on Effect of Electronic Media on Diet, Exercise,
and Sexual Activity among Adolescents.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine 43, no. 5 (2018): S56–
65. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_143_18.
