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The most valuable features of flowering ornamental plants for breeding under the conditions of the south of Russia
... In this regard, the demand for planting material and cut flowers is increasing, especially for cultivars of domestic breeding. Many scientific organizations of the Russian Federation are working to create new cultivars [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The objects of research are various flower crops, including bulbous and bulbotuberiferous [8][9]. ...
Bulbous and bulbotuberiferous plants are the most popular flower crops among amateur flower growers, florists, landscape designers, introducers and breeders. These crops collected by the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences include both foreign and domestic cultivars. Breeding work within these collections has been carried out for more than 50 years, for many – for the first time in the country. The obtained cultivars are not inferior in decorative qualities to foreign ones, and they are superior in resistance. Currently, due to the limited import of foreign planting material, the demand for domestic products has significantly increased. This paper presents the results of research conducted over the last 15 years. During this period, researchers have created more than 90 cultivars of freesia, hippeastrum and tulip; an extensive hybrid fund has been collected; sources of economically valuable traits have been allocated. Currently, xiphium and crocus are included in the breeding process. In the course of the research, bulbous and bulbotuberiferous flower crops collected by FRC SSC of RAS have been replenished with 26 domestic highly decorative cultivar samples, productive and resistant to abiotic and biotic factors, including 22 freesias, 2 hippeastrums and tulips. New cultivars are different in flowering terms: 7 of them have an early flowering term, 11 – with an average, 8 – with a late one. There are six groups according to the main colour of the perianth lobes: white – 4 cultivars, yellow – 5, red – 3, medium blue – 4, pink-purple – 8, black – 2.
... In turn, scientific centres and botanical gardens preserve and maintain collections of flower crops, conducting diverse research [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In addition, breeding work is being actively carried out on many crops, varietal sources of valuable traits are being identified, and new original domestic cultivars are being bred [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. All this is the basis for import substitution and production commercialization. ...
The paper deals with topical issues of introduction and breeding research in the framework of import substitution in the floriculture industry. An extensive gene pool of flower crops has been mobilized at the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Sochi). On the basis of the Centre’s collections, apart from scientific purposes of conserving biodiversity, researching plants resistance and adaptability, as well as developing methods for studying cultivar samples, etc., there are practical tasks of obtaining planting material and cut flowers, including off-season periods, and using them in various forms of floral decoration, which are being solved. Bioresource collections include 1,499 cultivar samples, of which 34.29 % are perennial herbaceous plants, 20.61 % are bulbous and bulbotuberiferous, 16.94 % are irises, 14.34 % are pelargoniums, 9.47 % are species of natural flora, 4.34 % are chrysanthemums. The collections are also the basis for conducting breeding research in order to create highly ornamental, original, environmentally resistant and productive cultivars in the Centre with different flowering periods. Over the past 10 years, 85 cultivars of flower crops have been created (including 36 pelargoniums, 15 freesias and anemones, 12 chrysanthemums, 4 gerberas, 2 primroses, 1 tulip). The obtained cultivars are highly ornamental and resistant to bio- and abiotic factors. Freesia, anemone and pelargonium cultivars registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation belong only to the FRC SSC of RAS.
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