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BULBOPHYLLUM TRINERVOSUM, A NEW SPECIES OF SECTION MACROCAULIA (ORCHIDACEAE: BULBOPHYLLINAE) FROM WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Abstract
VICTORIANO, M. & YUDISTIRA, Y. R. 2020. Bulbophyllum trinervosum, a new species of section Macrocaulia (Orchidaceae: Bulbophyllinae) from West Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 19(1): 67‒73. ‒‒ A new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae: Bulbophyllinae) in section Macrocaulia from West Java, Indonesia is described as Bulbophyllum trinervosum Victoriano & Y.R.Yudistira spec. nov. This miniature orchid is found around Cakrabuana mountain range at an elevation of 1,300–1,550 m. The key characteristic of this species is unique among section Macrocaulia in having three nerves on its median sepal instead of five like the other species in this section.
... Every year, some new Bulbophyllum species are described, making this genus grow steadily [27]. Due to the extraordinary diversity, a general description would be too extensive [1,27]. ...
... Every year, some new Bulbophyllum species are described, making this genus grow steadily [27]. Due to the extraordinary diversity, a general description would be too extensive [1,27]. Over 50 generic names have been proposed, in addition to Bulbophyllum [19]. ...
The genus Bulbophyllum is of scientific interest due to the phytochemical components and diverse biological activities found across species of the genus. Most Bulbophyllum species are epiphytic and located in habitats that range from subtropical dry forests to wet montane cloud forests. In many cultures, the genus Bulbophyllum has a religious, protective, ornamenting, cosmetic, and medicinal role. Detailed investigations into the molecular pharmacological mechanisms and numerous biological effects of Bulbophyllum spp. remain ambiguous. The review focuses on an in-depth discussion of studies containing data on phytochemistry and preclinical pharmacology. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the therapeutic potential of Bulbophyllum spp. biocompounds. Data were collected from several scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, other professional websites, and traditional medicine books to obtain the necessary information. Evidence from pharmacological studies has shown that various phytoconstituents in some Bulbophyllum species have different biological health-promoting activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective. No toxicological effects have been reported to date. Future clinical trials are needed for the clinical confirmation of biological activities proven in preclinical studies. Although orchid species are cultivated for ornamental purposes and have a wide traditional use, the novelty of this review is a summary of biological actions from preclinical studies, thus supporting ethnopharmacological data.
... Pulau Jawa merupakan salah satu penyumbang kekayaan flora di Indonesia. Jumlah jenis tumbuhan berbiji di pulau Jawa mencapai 6.650 jenis, 1.148 marga dan 235 suku (Backer & van den Brink, 1963;1965;1968;Widjaja et al., 2014) dan bertambah seiring dengan penemuan jenis (Sudarmono & Conn, 2010;Metusala & Supriatna, 2017;Rustiami et al., 2014;Victoriano & Yudistira, 2020), catatan baru (Djarwaningsih, 2012;Puspaningrum et al., 2017) maupun revisi flora (Zhu, Roos, & Ridsdale, 2012;Kartonegoro & Veldkamp, 2013;Sulistyaningsih, 2016;Ganesan, Middleton, & Wilkie, 2019;) selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Naturalisasi tanaman dari kebun raya dan perkebunan masih terjadi (Wahyuni & Tjitrosoedirdjo, 2013) menambah jenis data flora di Jawa. ...
Pendataan flora di Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu Bandung Jawa Barat masih terbatas. Di sisi lain, eksploitasi tumbuhan menjadi ancaman terhadap penurunan flora yang mengakibatkan rawan kepunahan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pendataan jenis tumbuhan berbiji di kawasan tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan di zona pegunungan Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu, Bandung, Jawa Barat, untuk mengungkap keanekaragaman spesies di kawasan tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei di blok Malagembol, pada ketinggian 1.500 - 2.100 mdpl. Pendataan jenis meliputi nama daerah dan nama ilmiah, sedangkan data morfologi dicatat dalam buku lapangan dan difoto. Sampel yang belum teridentifikasi dijadikan sebagai voucer herbarium untuk diidentifikasi lebih lanjut. Status konservasi tumbuhan dicatat berdasarkan pangkalan data IUCN redlist. Studi pustaka dilakukan untuk melengkapi data biopotensinya. Sebanyak 74 suku, 178 marga dan 260 jenis dicatat pada area pengamatan. Hasil temuan pada penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam rencana pengelolaan hutan untuk menentukan spesies prioritas untuk dikonservasi. Data tumbuhan endemik dan terancam yang tercatat dari daerah penelitian dapat digunakan lebih lanjut untuk memastikan bahwa daerah tersebut tetap terlindungi dan lestari serta digunakan untuk tujuan konservasi dan penelitian.
Bulbophyllum trinervosum (Orchidaceae) was described in mid 2020 as a new species from West Java, Indonesia. After careful examination and morphological comparisons, it has been concluded that the characters of B. trinervosum fall within the variation of widespread species, B. ovalifolium. Thus, B. trinervosum is proposed here as a synonym of B. ovalifolium. Detailed comparisons, including a series of photos of B. ovalifolium are provided.
The systematic position and generic differentiation of the morphologically and geographically outstanding tribe Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) was analyzed using the rbcL/atpB-spacer and trnL-F intron-spacer regions of chloroplast DNA. In our analysis Epithemateae forms a strongly supported monophyletic clade (bootstrap [BS] = 100%; jackknife [JK] = 100%; decay index [DI] = 12) and appears as sister to the rest of the paleotropical Gesneriaceae (= subfamily Cyrtandroideae). The paleotropical Gesneriaceae form a monophyletic group (BS = 88%; JK = 85%; DI = 3) that is sister to the neotropical Gesneriaceae (subfamily Gesnerioideae) plus Austral Gesneriaceae (subfamily Coronantheroideae) (BS = 99%; JK = 98%; DI = 10). Within Epithemateae Rhynchoglossum is sister to the remaining Epithemateae (BS = 97%; JK = 96%; DI = 12), in which Epithema is sister to a clade of two genera: Loxonia/Stauranthera (BS = 68%; JK = 64%; DI = 1), which form, together with Epithema, a sister clade (BS = 85%; JK = 83%; DI = 2) to Whytockia and Monophyllaea. While the support for Loxonia and Stauranthera is moderate, the relationship of Whytockia and Monophyllaea is very strongly supported (BS = 100%; JK = 100%; DI = 13). Apart from the somewhat surprising (but well-substantiated) isolated position of Rhynchoglossum, the results are in perfect accordance with the relationships worked out earlier on grounds of architectural and floral characters. Especially remarkable is the predicted coherence between the morphologically and geographically different genera Whytockia and Monophyllaea.
This dissertation is a grammatical description of the Austronesian language Keo. as spoken in the village of Udiworowatu in central Flores, eastern Indonesia. The language is unlike many previously described Austronesian languages became it is highly isolating. It has basic AVO/SV word order. Following an introduction to the language, its speakers and the area .in which it is spoken in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 describes the phonetics and phonology of Udiwotowatu Keo and Chapter 3 provides an overview of grammatical relations in Keo. Word classes are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. Two supercategories of open and closed word classes can be identified for Keo. Membership into the open classes of noun and verb presents some problems in Keo due to the multifunctional nature of many words. These Problems are discussed in Chapter 4 which also provides criteria for membership of the word classes of noun and verb and their respective subclasses. Chapter 5 examines the closed classes that can be distinguished. Chapter 6 describes the extremely minimal morphological processes that occerin Keo. There is a single clitic. Reduplication has been borrowed from Indonesian/Malay and there is some compounding. Chapters 7, 8 and 9 explore primarily nominal parts of the language. Chapter 7 describes noun phrases. Possessive constructions are described in Chapter 8. Keo has two distinct system for counting, one using base four and the Other using base ten. These are examined in Chapter 9 where the classifier system used with numerals is also described. Clause types are identified on the basis of transitivity, with ambient, intransitive, transitive and ditransitive clauses distinguished, Ellipsis of arguments within clauses is very common in Keo and is discussed alongside clause types in Chapter 10. The variety of serial verb constructions found in Keo are described in Chapter 11. In Chapter 12 predicate modification is described. Topics covered include aspect and mood, reciprocals and reflexives and negation. The spatial orientation of referents and participants within discourse is highly salient in Keo. Prepositions, directionals and demonstratives all contribute to this, and they are described in Chapter 13. In Chapter 14 clause combining techniques are described. There are two primary ways .to join independent clauses: simple juxtaposition, and the use of conjunctions. There are two types of embedded clauses: complement clauses and relative clauses. Interrogative imperative constructions are described in Chapter 15. There are five appendices. Appendix A is a list of the texts that have been used in the preparation of this description. Appendix B provides a discussion of speech genres. Appendix C presents sample texts from several genres. The final two appendices are word lists Appendix D contains word lists giving equivalents in a number of different Keo dialects, while the Appendix E lists all the words used in the corpus.
Bulbophyllum irianae and B. adolinae (Orchidaceae: Dendrobiinae), two new species of sections Hoplandra and Peltopus from Indonesian New Guinea
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