Background: The United States envisions a 90% reduction in HIV infections by 2030. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the HIV continuum and disproportionately affected access to social and health services for people at the highest vulnerability. This study shows how COVID disrupted the HIV continuum in the state of Michigan, how stakeholders handled disruptions, and key recommendations. As
... [Show full abstract] a case study, this study adds to the literature about preparedness for future pandemics.
Methods: We used semi-structured interviews with 33 statewide Michigan HIV/AIDS Council members—practitioners, researchers, community representatives guiding service planning, improvement, and resource allocations. We asked: (1) how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the HIV continuum; (2) how disruptions were handled; and (3) recommendation to help address disruptions now and in the future. Using thematic analysis, we coded the interviews. We measured group cohesiveness as a proxy for how individual opinions reflected those of the Council as a group.
Results: We found a high degree of cohesiveness among participants. Participants agreed that the pandemic disrupted all HIV continuum services (e.g., HIV testing, PrEP education, referrals to primary care, etcetera) offered by community organizations, hospital clinics, and health departmentsacross the state. In response, they developed online and curbside services to maintain HIV continuum services, abate social isolation, and address structural issues like lack of food and public transportation. We organized results in four categories: (1) HIV continuum disruptions (e.g., “Housing for women and children who are fleeing a legal situation”); (2) Responses to disruptions (e.g., “Some of them, we would say, hey, weather permitting, we’ll come out to your car”); (3) Minoritized groups disproportionately affected (e.g., “Especially in my community, to get people if there's ever a vaccine, Black people are going to be the last people to take it”); and Recommendations (below).
Conclusions: The pandemic unsettled and further exacerbated every aspect of HIV service provisions. The main recommendation was to overhaul communication systems between government and organizations offering HIV services to mitigate disruptions and improve the chances of achieving a 90% reduction.