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Abstract

Welas diri (self-compassion) merupakan sebuah sikap yang sehat terhadap diri dan berkaitan dengan kesehatan mental.Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) merupakan instrumen yang umum digunakan untuk mengukur welas diri, tetapi belum ada penelitian yang melihat kualitas psikometrik dari adaptasi SCS Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan adaptasi dan uji psikometrik SCS Bahasa Indonesia. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 329 mahasiswa aktif di salah satu universitas di Jakarta dan sekitarnya yang direkrut dengan convenience sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah SCS yang diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan diberi nama Skala Welas Diri (SWD). Berdasarkan hasil uji psikometrik menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), uji validitas konstruk, dan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha, ditemukan bahwa SWD memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik, serta memiliki model teoretik yang sama dengan SCS. Disimpulkan bahwa SWD dapat digunakan sebagai skala yang mumpuni untuk mengukur welas diri.
Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191 e-ISSN: 2580-1228
DOI: 10.24854/jpu02020-337 p-ISSN: 2088-4230
177
Handling Editor: Made Diah Lestari, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
This open access article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly cited.
RELIABILITAS DAN VALIDITAS SELF-COMPASSION SCALE
VERSI BAHASA INDONESIA
Dicky Sugianto1, Christiany Suwartono2, & Sandra Handayani Sutanto1
1Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jalan M.H. Thamrin Boulevard 1100, Lippo Village, Tangerang
15811, Indonesia
2Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta 12930,
Indonesia
Korespondensi:
e-mail: sugianto.ad@gmail.com
Abstract Self-compassion is a healthy attitude toward oneself which positively
associated to an individual’s mental health. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a
common instrument to measure levels of self-compassion However, to date, there is
no study that evaluates the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SCS.
This study aims to adapt the SCS into Indonesian language and to evaluate the
psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SCS. Participants in this study
were 329 college students enrolled in universities in Jakarta and surrounding areas
and were recruited through convenience sampling. Instrument used in this research is
the Indonesian version of SCS, which we named Skala Welas Diri (SWD). The result
of psychometric evaluation using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), construct
validity, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient showed good validity and reliability of
SWD. The study suggested that SWD have a similar theoretical model as SCS. The
study concludes that SWD could be used as an adequate measurement of self-
compassion.
Article history:
Received 23 December 2019
Received in revised form 7 April 2020
Accepted 9 May 2020
Available online 27 May 2020
Keywords:
confirmatory factor analysis;
scale adaptation;
self-compassion;
Self-Compassion Scale
Abstrak Welas diri (self-compassion) merupakan sebuah sikap yang sehat terhadap
diri dan berkaitan dengan kesehatan mental. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) merupakan
instrumen yang umum digunakan untuk mengukur welas diri, tetapi belum ada penelitian
yang melihat kualitas psikometrik dari adaptasi SCS Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk melakukan adaptasi dan uji psikometrik SCS Bahasa Indonesia.
Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 329 mahasiswa aktif di salah satu universitas di
Jakarta dan sekitarnya yang direkrut dengan convenience sampling. Instrumen yang
digunakan adalah SCS yang diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan diberi nama Skala
Welas Diri (SWD). Berdasarkan hasil uji psikometrik menggunakan confirmatory factor
analysis (CFA), uji validitas konstruk, dan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha, ditemukan
bahwa SWD memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik, serta memiliki model teoretis
yang sama dengan SCS. Disimpulkan bahwa SWD dapat digunakan sebagai skala yang
mumpuni untuk mengukur welas diri.
Kata Kunci: adaptasi skala; confirmatory factor analysis; Self-Compassion Scale; welas diri
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
178
PENDAHULUAN
Setiap orang pernah mengalami kesulitan, kegagalan, maupun penderitaan dalam hidup
yang memunculkan emosi negatif (Besser & Priel, 2011). Seseorang yang merespons kesulitan atau
kegagalan dengan sikap mengkritik diri dapat merasakan emosi negatif yang berkepanjangan
(Gilbert, Baldwin, Irons, Baccus, & Palmer, 2006), di mana hal ini akan menimbulkan
permasalahan kesehatan jiwa dan penyesuaian dalam hubungan sosial. Kritik diri berkaitan dengan
munculnya gejala distres, depresi, kecemasan, dan kesulitan dalam membangun hubungan sosial
yang memadai (Kannan & Levitt, 2013).
Sikap yang lebih sehat ketika mengalami kesulitan dan penderitaan hidup adalah welas diri
(self-compassion; Neff, 2011). Welas diri merupakan sikap sadar dan peka terhadap penderitaan
yang dialami diri dan meresponinya dengan pemahaman tanpa penghakiman, penerimaan tak
bersyarat, kehangatan, dan kepedulian (Cleare, Gumley, & O’Connor, 2018; Elices dkk., 2017;
Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2011; Neff, 2016). Hal ini diikuti dengan kesadaran bahwa
kesulitan yang dihadapi merupakan bagian dari kehidupan manusia yang tidak sempurna dan
komitmen untuk mengentaskan diri dari penderitaan (Breines & Chen, 2012; Leary, Tate, Adams,
Allen, & Hancock, 2007). Welas diri memungkinkan seseorang untuk meregulasi emosinya ketika
menghadapi penderitaan (Feldman & Kuyken, 2011).
Welas diri berkaitan dengan kesehatan jiwa yang baik (Neff & Seppala, 2016). Welas diri
yang tinggi berkaitan dengan tingkat distres, depresi, dan kecemasan yang rendah (Soysa &
Wilcomb, 2013). Selain itu, tingkat welas diri yang tinggi juga berkaitan dengan tingkat kritik diri
yang rendah (Joeng & Turner, 2015).
Welas diri juga berkaitan dengan penyesuaian sosial yang lebih baik. Sikap berwelas diri
memungkinkan seseorang untuk fokus pada orang lain ketika berhubungan sosial (Bloch, 2018).
Hal ini membuat mereka merasa lebih dekat dengan orang lain (Bloch, 2018), di mana hal ini
menjadikan mereka merasa tidak kesepian dan terasing dari lingkungan sosial (Lyon, 2015).
Adanya hubungan sosial yang baik dengan orang lain mendukung kesehatan jiwa yang lebih baik
bagi individu.
Welas diri memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan jiwa individu. Hal tersebut menjadikan
welas diri sebagai variabel yang banyak diteliti sejak konstruk ini pertama kali dicetuskan (Neff
dkk., 2019). Alat ukur welas diri yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Self-Compassion
Scale (SCS) yang dikonstruksi oleh Neff (2003b). SCS telah diterjemahkan ke dalam banyak
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
179
bahasa lain, setidaknya terdapat 17 terjemahan SCS dalam bahasa lain (Neff, 2019). Meskipun
demikian, belum ada penelitian yang berfokus melakukan adaptasi terhadap SCS ke dalam Bahasa
Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kualitas psikometrik dan struktur
faktor dari adaptasi Bahasa Indonesia SCS, yang peneliti terjemahkan menjadi Skala Welas Diri
(SWD). Adaptasi SCS Bahasa Indonesia dapat mendorong perkembangan studi welas asih untuk
mempromosikan kesehatan jiwa pada masyarakat Indonesia.
Komponen Welas Diri
Welas diri memiliki enam komponen yang saling berinteraksi dalam suatu sistem dinamis
(Neff dkk., 2019). Komponen-komponen welas diri adalah sebagai berikut (Neff, 2003a; Neff,
2003b; Neff, Toth-Kiraly, & Colosimo, 2018; Neff dkk., 2019):
Mengasihi diri vs. menghakimi diri (self-kindness vs. self-judgment). Welas diri terdiri
dari sikap mengasihi diri yang tinggi dan sikap menghakimi diri yang rendah. Mengasihi diri
ditunjukkan dengan sikap yang ramah, lembut, pengertian, dan penuh dukungan terhadap diri.
Individu yang berwelas diri akan bersikap hangat dan menerima diri, serta tidak menghakimi diri
sendiri atas penderitaan, kekurangan, dan kegagalan yang dialami.
Kemanusiaan universal vs. isolasi (common humanity vs. isolation). Welas diri terdiri
dari kesadaran universal akan kemanusiaan yang tinggi dan rendahnya pemikiran bahwa ia
terisolasi dari seluruh dunia ketika mengalami penderitaan. Kemanusiaan universal ditunjukkan
dengan menyadari pengalaman universal manusia yang di dalamnya termasuk penderitaan,
kegagalan, dan kesalahan. Kemanusiaan universal juga melibatkan kesadaran bahwa manusia
sejatinya tidak sempurna. Individu yang berwelas diri melihat pengalaman penderitaan, kegagalan,
dan kesulitan hidup dari banyak perspektif, sehingga tidak larut dalam perasaan bahwa hanya
dirinya-lah yang gagal atau menderita.
Mindfulness vs. overidentifikasi (overidentification). Welas diri terdiri dari tingkat mindful
yang tinggi dan tingkat ruminasi terhadap perasaan negatif (overidentifikasi) yang rendah.
Kesadaran ditunjukkan dengan kejernihan dalam melihat bahwa individu sedang menderita tanpa
terokupasi pada pemikiran dan perasaan bahwa ia menderita atau gagal.
Komponen-komponen welas diri merupakan konstruk yang berdiri secara independen, tetapi
memengaruhi satu sama lain (Neff, 2016). Welas diri melihat respons emosional ketika mengalami
penderitaan (lebih mengasihi dan tidak menghakimi), memahami secara kognitif kesulitan yang
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
180
dialami (sebagai bagian dari kehidupan dan bukannya merasa sendirian dalam penderitaan), serta
memerhatikan kesulitan (secara jernih tanpa larut dalam perasaan menderita; Neff dkk., 2019).
Komponen-komponen welas diri tersebut secara sinergis berinteraksi satu dengan yang lain
membentuk sikap berwelas diri (Neff dkk., 2019). Komponen positif welas diri (mengasihi diri,
kemanusiaan universal, dan mindfulness) yang tinggi disebut dengan istilah respons diri penuh
welas asih (compassionate self-responding) dan komponen negatif welas diri (menghakimi diri,
isolasi, dan overidentifikasi) yang rendah disebut berkurangnya respons diri yang berwelas asih
(reduced uncompassionate self-responding; Neff dkk., 2019).
Alat Ukur Welas Diri
Welas diri diukur dalam beberapa instrumen penelitian. Compassion Scale (Pommier, 2010)
dikonstruksi dengan konsep welas diri yang dikemukakan oleh Neff (2003b) untuk mengukur welas
asih kepada diri dan orang lain. Gilbert dkk. (2017) juga mengonstruksi skala untuk mengukur
welas asih, baik pada diri maupun orang lain. Alat ukur lain untuk welas diri adalah Self-
Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003b) yang dikonstruksi berdasarkan definisi dan komponen-
komponen welas asih oleh Neff (2003b; Neff, 2016; Neff dkk., 2019).
SCS merupakan alat ukur yang paling banyak digunakan dan paling sesuai dengan konsep
welas diri yang dikemukakan pertama kali oleh Neff (2003a) dan melalui proses validasi berulang
(Neff, 2016; Neff dkk., 2019). Compassion Scale ditemukan tidak memiliki korelasi dengan SCS
(Pommier, 2010), meskipun dikonstruksi dengan konsep welas diri dari Neff (2003b). Sementara
itu, skala welas asih yang dikonstruksi oleh Gilbert dkk. (2017) memiliki korelasi yang baik dengan
SCS. Meskipun demikian, Gilbert dkk. (2017) mendefinisikan welas diri sebagai sikap meyakinkan
diri yang menunjukkan kompetensi seseorang dalam berwelas asih, tetapi tidak melihat proses
dinamis welas diri sesuai konseptualisasi dari Neff (Neff, 2003b; Neff dkk., 2019).
Penelitian ini hendak mengadaptasi SCS ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Ketika pertama kali
diteliti konstruksinya, SCS menunjukkan kualitas psikometrik yang baik. SCS memiliki koefisien
reliabilitas internal yang tinggi dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar .92 dan kualitas butir yang
baik (tiap subskala yang mengukur komponen welas diri memiliki koefisien .57 sampai dengan .80;
Neff, 2003b). Penelitian ini hendak melihat kualitas psikometrik SCS Bahasa Indonesia dengan
menggunakan metode yang sama, yaitu confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). SCS yang telah
diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia akan diterjemahkan menjadi Skala Welas Diri (SWD).
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
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METODE
Partisipan
Partisipan penelitian adalah mahasiswa berusia 17-28 tahun yang berjumlah 329 orang (M =
19.37; SD = 1.413). Partisipan direkrut dengan convenience sampling dengan membagikan tautan
skala daring pada tiap-tiap angkatan mahasiswa pada beberapa universitas di Jakarta dan sekitarnya.
Sebanyak 261 partisipan (79.33%) adalah perempuan, sementara 68 partisipan sisanya (20.64%)
adalah laki-laki.
Desain
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini, welas diri didefinisikan
sebagai sikap yang hangat, suportif, dan memahami diri ketika mengalami penderitaan atau
kesulitan hidup. Welas diri juga merupakan sikap seseorang yang sadar bahwa penderitaan dan
kesulitan hidup wajar dialami oleh semua manusia.
Skala Welas Diri (SWD) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan merupakan adaptasi dari Self-
Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003b). SWD terdiri dari 26 butir pernyataan yang mengukur
keenam komponen welas diri dan menggunakan skala Likert dengan rentang angka 1 (Hampir
Tidak Pernah) sampai 5 (Hampir Selalu). SWD menggunakan sistem skoring yang sama dengan
SCS, di mana komponen negatif welas diri akan diskor terbalik. Rata-rata tiap komponen akan
dihitung, kemudian dihitung rata-rata totalnya (grand mean). Cetak biru SWD dijelaskan dalam
Tabel 1.
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
182
Tabel 1.
Cetak Biru Skala Welas Diri
No
Komponen
Nomor Butir
Favorable
Unfavorable
1
Mengasihi Diri
(Self-Kindness; SK)
5, 12, 19, 23, 26
5
2
Menghakimi Diri
(Self-Judgement; SJ)
1, 8, 11, 16, 21
5
3
Kemanusiaan Universal
(Common Humanity; CH)
3, 7, 10, 15
4
4
Isolasi
(Isolation; I)
4, 13, 18, 25
4
5
Mindfulness (M)
9, 14, 17, 22
4
6
Overidentifikasi
(Overidentification; O)
2, 6, 20, 24
4
Total
26
Prosedur
Penelitian dimulai dengan meninjau literatur mengenai welas diri dan pengukurannya.
Setelah mendapatkan tinjauan teoretis mengenai konstruk welas diri dan pengukurannya berupa
SCS, peneliti melakukan adaptasi skala menggunakan teknik terjemahan langsung dan balik
(forward and backward translation; International Test Commission, 2017). Peneliti melakukan
terjemahan langsung terhadap SCS dengan bantuan sarjana Sastra Inggris. Kemudian, peneliti
melakukan tinjauan dan koreksi terhadap hasil-hasil terjemahan langsung. Setelah mendapatkan
terjemahan yang dianggap paling kontekstual, peneliti melakukan terjemahan balik dengan bantuan
seorang sarjana Psikologi lulusan universitas di Amerika Serikat dan juga penerjemah. Hasil dari
proses terjemahan langsung dan balik menunjukkan kesesuaian makna antara hasil penerjemahan
dengan bahasa aslinya.
Selanjutnya, peneliti mempersiapkan angket penelitian daring yang menyertakan informed
consent dan kuesioner demografis. Setelah angket penelitian siap, peneliti menyebarkan angket
penelitian kepada mahasiswa. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah dan dianalisa secara statistik.
Teknik Analisis
Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah confirmatory factor analysis
(CFA). CFA merupakan metode evaluasi model pengukuran di mana model teoretis sebuah
pengukuran dibandingkan dengan data (Brown, 2006). Beberapa indikator CFA digunakan untuk
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
183
menentukan apakah pengukuran memiliki model teoretis yang didukung dengan data, seperti nilai
RMSEA < .08, nilai CFI, IFI, NFI, dan TLI > .90, nilai GFI > .90, serta rasio X2/df < 2 (Brown,
2006; Cangur & Ercan, 2015; Schumaker & Lomax, 2010). Selain CFA, koefisien korelasi butir-
total juga dihitung untuk melihat kesesuaian butir dengan konstruk yang diukur (Azwar, 2013).
Validitas konstruk juga diuji lebih lanjut dengan melihat hubungan antara SWD dengan distres
psikologis. Distres psikologis diukur dengan menggunakan skala Kessler 10 (K10; Kessler dkk.,
2002) yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dari Transcultural Mental Health
Centre (n.d.). Sementara itu, reliabilitas alat ukur dinilai berdasarkan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha.
ANALISIS DAN HASIL
Analisis faktor dilakukan terhadap SWD menggunakan teknik confirmatory factor analysis
(CFA). CFA menguji model enam komponen SWD yang saling berkorelasi, yaitu Mengasihi Diri
(Self-Kindness), Menghakimi Diri (Self-Judgment), Kemanusiaan Universal (Common Humanity),
Isolasi (Isolation), Mindfulness, dan Overidentifikasi (Overidentification). Model ini sesuai dengan
model awal yang dikonstruksi oleh Neff (2003b). Model enam komponen yang saling berkorelasi
dan membentuk sistem dinamis ini juga ditemukan valid pada penelitian-penelitian di sampel yang
berbeda (Neff, 2016; Neff dkk., 2019; Neff, Toth-Kiraly, & Colosimo, 2018).
Berdasarkan hasil tes CFA, SWD memiliki kesesuaian model (model fit) yang cukup baik
(X2/df = 1.324; RMSEA = .043; GFI = .910; CFI = .935; TFI = .923; NFI = .848; IFI = .936) dengan
model yang diajukan oleh Neff (2003b). Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan beberapa indikator, yaitu nilai
X2/df yang kurang dari 2, nilai RMSEA kurang dari .08, dan nilai GFI, CFI, TFI, dan IFI di atas .90
yang menunjukkan bahwa data cukup sesuai dengan model teoretis (Cangur & Ercan, 2015;
Schumaker & Lomax, 2010). Indikator-indikator tersebut menunjukkan model yang cukup sesuai,
meskipun nilai NFI di bawah .90 yang merupakan salah satu indikator kesesuaian model
(Schumaker & Lomax, 2010). Meskipun demikian, perlu dilakukan analisis evaluasi model lebih
lanjut karena model mengalami modifikasi error sebanyak 12 kali.
CFA dua tingkat (second order CFA) dilakukan untuk melihat adanya faktor yang lebih
tinggi dari keenam faktor SWD untuk menjustifikasi penggunaan skor total SWD. Hasil second
order CFA menunjukkan model yang kurang sesuai (X2/df = 2.54; RMSEA = .068; GFI = .853; CFI
= .831; TFI = .805). Neff (2016) mengajukan cara lain untuk menjustifikasi penggunaan skor total
SCS, yaitu dengan model bifaktor di mana skor butir-butir SCS merepresentasikan keenam
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komponen welas diri, sekaligus welas diri secara keseluruhan. Hasil CFA bifaktor menunjukkan
tingkat kesesuaian model ambang (marginal fit; X2/df = 1.935; RMSEA = .053; GFI = .893; CFI =
.910; TFI = .882). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa skor total SWD valid digunakan untuk mengukur
tingkat welas diri.
Figur 1. Model, Muatan Faktor, dan Interaksi Antar Komponen Skala Welas Diri
Butir-butir dalam SWD memiliki muatan faktor yang cukup memuaskan (> .3, p < .01;
Brown, 2006). Selain itu, butir-butir SWD juga memiliki korelasi butir-total yang cukup baik, yaitu
berkisar antara .26-.57. Indikator-indikator ini menunjukkan bahwa butir-butir SWD
merepresentasikan welas diri dan komponen-komponennya. Selain itu, korelasi butir-total untuk
tiap butir juga dianggap cukup baik, yaitu berkisar antara .21-.59. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
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tiap butir SWD mengukur hal yang sama (Azwar, 2013). Ringkasan muatan faktor dan korelasi
butir-total SWD tercantum dalam Tabel 2.
Tabel 2.
Hasil Analisis Validitas dan Reliabilitas Subskala Skala Welas Diri
No.
Butir
Deskripsi
AVE
MSV
α
rix
MF
Subskala Mengasihi Diri
.36
.70
.71
5
Saya mencoba untuk mencintai diri saya ketika saya
merasakan sakit secara emosional.
.30
.50
12
Ketika saya mengalami waktu sulit, saya akan
memberikan kepedulian dan kelembutan yang saya
butuhkan.
.47
.57
19
Saya baik terhadap diri saya saat mengalami
penderitaan.
.40
.48
23
Saya bersikap toleran terhadap kelemahan dan
kekurangan saya.
.55
.66
26
Saya mencoba untuk memahami dan bersabar pada
aspek-aspek kepribadian saya yang tidak saya sukai.
.44
.66
Subskala Menghakimi Diri
.31
.97
.69
1
Saya tidak menerima dan menghakimi kelemahan dan
kekurangan saya.
.48
.55
8
Di waktu-waktu yang sangat sulit, saya cenderung
bersikap keras pada diri saya.
.27
.38
11
Saya tidak toleran dan tidak sabar terhadap beberapa
aspek kepribadian saya yang tidak saya sukai.
.41
.53
16
Ketika saya melihat aspek-aspek diri saya yang tidak
saya sukai, saya merasa sedih pada diri saya.
.57
.77
21
Saya bisa bersikap tidak berperasaan pada diri saya saat
mengalami penderitaan.
.44
.46
Subskala Kemanusiaan Universal
.39
.63
.72
3
Ketika hal-hal buruk terjadi pada saya, saya melihat
kesulitan hidup sebagai bagian hidup yang dilewati
semua orang.
.26
.46
7
Ketika saya merasa sedih, saya mengingatkan diri saya
bahwa ada banyak orang di dunia ini yang mengalami
hal yang sama dengan saya.
.30
.59
10
Ketika saya merasa merasa tidak mampu pada beberapa
hal, saya mengingatkan diri saya bahwa perasaan tidak
mampu juga dirasakan oleh sebagian besar orang.
.36
.69
15
Saya mencoba untuk melihat kegagalan saya sebagai
bagian dari kondisi yang dialami manusia pada
umumnya.
.48
.72
Subskala Isolasi
.43
.93
.78
4
Ketika saya memikirkan kekurangan saya, hal tersebut
akan membuat diri saya terkucil dari seisi dunia.
.56
.77
13
Ketika saya merasa sedih, saya cenderung merasa
orang lain mungkin lebih bahagia dibandingkan saya.
.43
.60
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
186
No.
Butir
Deskripsi
AVE
MSV
α
rix
MF
18
Ketika saya sungguh menderita, saya cenderung merasa
bahwa orang lain lebih mudah dalam menjalani hidup.
.51
.61
25
Ketika saya gagal pada hal yang penting bagi saya,
saya cenderung merasa sendiri di tengah-tengah
kegagalan tersebut.
.51
.63
Subskala Mindfulness
.30
.70
.60
9
Ketika sesuatu membuat saya kesal, saya berusaha
menjaga emosi saya tetap stabil.
.31
.51
14
Ketika suatu hal menyakitkan terjadi, saya mencoba
untuk melihat situasi secara berimbang.
.49
.71
17
Ketika saya gagal pada suatu hal yang penting bagi
saya, saya berusaha untuk melihatnya sebagai sesuatu
yang wajar.
.34
.40
22
Ketika saya sedang terpuruk, saya mencoba
menanggapi perasaan saya dengan rasa ingin tahu dan
keterbukaan.
.29
.54
Subskala Overidentifikasi
.34
.97
.68
2
Ketika saya sedang terpuruk, saya cenderung terobsesi
dan terus terpaku pada segala hal yang salah.
.53
.60
6
Ketika saya gagal pada suatu hal yang penting bagi
saya, saya larut dalam perasaan tidak mampu.
.57
.70
20
Ketika suatu hal menjengkelkan terjadi, saya terbawa
perasaan.
.34
.49
24
Ketika sesuatu yang menyakitkan terjadi, saya
cenderung membesar-besarkan kejadian tersebut.
.42
.51
Keterangan: AVE = Average Variance Extracted; MSV = Maximum Shared Squared Variance; α = Cronbach’s alpha;
rix = korelasi butir total; MF = muatan faktor
Validitas konstruk SWD juga diuji dengan melihat korelasi antara SWD (M = 3.18, SD =
.527) dengan skala yang mengukur distres psikologis, yaitu K10 (M = 26.872, SD = 8.036). SWD
memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan K10 (r(327) = -.502, p < .001). Hal ini
menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi welas asih dalam diri seseorang, maka semakin rendah distres
psikologis yang dimiliki. Dengan demikian, SWD memenuhi kriteria validitas konstruk.
SWD juga dianalisis validitas konvergen dan diskriminannya dengan menghitung nilai AVE
dan MSV (Hair, Black, Babin, & Anderson, 2010). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keenam
subskala welas diri memiliki validitas konvergen yang kurang baik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai AVE
< .5 (Hair dkk., 2010). Selain itu, validitas diskriminan subskala welas diri juga kurang baik. Hal ini
ditunjukkan dengan nilai MSV tiap subskala yang lebih besar dari AVE (Hair dkk., 2010).
Hasil uji reliabilitas SWD menunjukkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar .872 untuk
keseluruhan SWD. Sementara itu, reliabilias komposit SWD yang ditinjau menggunakan
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
187
MacDonald’s ω menunjukkan nilai .873. Nilai reliabilitas untuk tiap subskala berkisar antara .60-
.78. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa SWD memiliki reliabilitas yang cukup baik.
DISKUSI
Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa SWD menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan model
teoretis SCS yang dikembangkan oleh Neff (2003b). SCS terdiri dari enam komponen, yaitu
Mengasihi Diri (Self-Kindness), Menghakimi Diri (Self-Judgment), Kemanusiaan Universal
(Common Humanity), Isolasi (Isolation), Mindfulness, dan Overidentifikasi (Overidentification)
yang merupakan konstruk-konstruk yang nyata berbeda (distinct), tetapi saling berkorelasi (Neff,
2003b; Neff dkk., 2019). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa SWD memenuhi validitas konstruk, secara
khusus validitas faktorial (Azwar, 2013).
Model enam komponen yang saling berkorelasi ini dianggap lebih merepresentasikan
konseptualisasi welas diri (Neff, 2016; Neff, Toth-Kiraly, & Colosimo, 2018). Model second order
CFA di mana satu faktor tertinggi menaungi enam komponen di bawahnya tidak didukung pada
penelitian ini. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini menemukan kesesuaian ambang dengan model
bifaktor, di mana butir-butir mengungkapkan adanya satu komponen laten utama dan enam
komponen laten yang saling berkaitan. Hal ini mengonfirmasi penelitian sebelumnya yang
menemukan bahwa SCS memiliki model teoretis bifaktor (Neff dkk., 2019; Neff, Toth-Kiraly, &
Colosimo, 2018). Dengan demikian, skor total SWD dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat
welas diri dalam diri seseorang.
Skor SWD memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan dengan skor K10. Hal ini berarti
semakin tinggi tingkat welas diri pada diri seseorang, maka semakin rendah tingkat distres
psikologisnya dan sebaliknya. Temuan ini konsisten dengan temuan dari penelitian sebelumnya
yang menemukan bahwa welas diri berkaitan dengan tingkat distres, gejala depresif, dan gejala
kecemasan yang lebih rendah (Marsh, Chan, & Macbeth, 2017; Neff, 2003b; Soysa & Wilcomb,
2013).
Indikator-indikator di atas menunjukkan bahwa SWD yang merupakan adaptasi Bahasa
Indonesia dari SCS memiliki validitas konstruk yang baik. Selain itu, SWD juga memiliki
reliabilitas yang cukup baik. Meskipun demikian, SWD menunjukkan validitas konvergen dan
diskriminan yang kurang baik. Dengan demikian, SWD dapat digunakan sebagai alat ukur untuk
mengukur welas diri, tetapi membutuhkan analisa lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih beragam.
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
188
SWD diadaptasi dan diuji pada sampel mahasiswa yang direkrut dengan convenience
sampling. Pengujian SWD yang melibatkan partisipan dari berbagai daerah dan melibatkan sampel
yang lebih representatif akan bermanfaat untuk melihat kualitas psikometrik SWD. Selain itu,
pengujian SWD pada sampel lain dalam jumlah besar juga akan bermanfaat untuk mengevaluasi
kecocokan model SWD dengan SCS.
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Simpulan
Adaptasi SCS ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang diberi nama SWD memiliki kualitas
psikometrik yang cukup baik. Hasil CFA menunjukkan kesesuaian model yang cukup baik dengan
teori. Selain itu, SWD juga memiliki reliabilitas yang baik.
Saran Teoretis
SWD ditemukan memiliki kualitas psikometrik yang cukup baik dan dapat digunakan dalam
penelitian. Meskipun demikian, pada sampel penelitian ini SWD ditemukan memiliki validitas
konvergen dan diskriminan yang kurang baik. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menguji SWD dalam
jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan beragam untuk menghasilkan analisis psikometrik yang lebih
akurat. Penelitian selanjutnya juga dapat menguji validitas konkuren dengan membandingkan SWD
dengan alat ukur lain yang mengukur konstruk terkait welas diri. Dengan demikian, kualitas
psikometrik SWD dapat semakin terbukti.
Saran Praktis
SWD dapat digunakan oleh peneliti yang tertarik untuk mengeksplorasi welas diri pada
populasi yang berbahasa Indonesia. SWD juga dapat digunakan dalam penelitian intervensi yang
bertujuan untuk meningkatkan welas diri, seperti dalam program Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC;
Germer & Neff, 2013). Intervensi yang berdasarkan pada konsep welas asih maupun welas diri juga
dapat menggunakan SWD sebagai metode asesmen maupun evaluasi.
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. / Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat (2020), 7(2), 177-191
189
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... However, the scale is built based on a Western cultural context, so it pays less attention to local cultural factors, especially in collectivism, such as in Indonesia. Sugianto et al. (2020) adopted the Self-Compassion Scale for students in Indonesia. The adaptation was limited to translation without developing new relevant dimensions. ...
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Keywords: Self-compassion Measurement scale Validity Reliability Junior high school students Purpose-This study aims to develop an instrument in the form of a self-compassion scale for public junior high school students in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. Methodology-This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method. The scale's validity was assessed by three expert judgments consisting of Guidance and Counseling lecturers. The sampling technique for the reliability test used simple random sampling with a total sample of 32 public junior high school students in Sleman Regency. The instrument readability test involved 13 Guidance and Counseling teachers and five public junior high school students. The scale instrument was developed based on Neff's Self-Compassion theory, which consists of three dimensions: self-kindness vs self-judgment, common humanity vs isolation, and mindfulness vs over-identification. Content validity was measured by Aiken's Coefficient V, while reliability was tested using Cronbach's Alpha with the help of SPSS. Findings-The results of scale validation by three expert judgments showed an Aiken V index of 0.96 (highly valid). The scale's reliability based on Cronbach's Alpha was 0.88 (very high). The instrument's feasibility test showed that 100% of the statement items were feasible. In contrast, the readability test confirmed that the language in the instrument was appropriate for the age level of junior high school students. Significance-The self-compassion scale developed in this study proved valid and reliable, so it can be used as a measuring tool appropriate for the age development of junior high school students. This instrument is helpful for educators and practitioners in the field of Guidance and Counseling to measure and improve students' self-compassion in an educational context.
... Next, self-compassion was measured using The Self-Compassion Scale developed by Neff (2003) and adapted into Indonesian by Sugianto et al. (2020). The 26-item statement includes 13 favorable items and 13 unfavorable items, with a score range on the scale of 1 (Almost Never) to 5 (Almost Always). ...
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Final semester students must complete their education on time with a variety of academic assignments. Apart from that, the personal problems they experience are also increasingly complex, making final-semester students vulnerable to depression. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-compassion and stress mediated by emotional regulation in students who complete their final assignments. The design used in this research was quantitative, with three variables. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Scale with a Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.872, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) with a Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.790, and the stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) with a Cronbach Alpha reliability of 0.951. The subjects of this research were final-year students who were pursuing higher education in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data analysis used a mediation analysis model by testing the relationship between stress (dependent variable) and self-compassion (independent variable) and emotional regulation, cognitive reappraisal facets, and expressive suppression facets (mediator variables) using mediation analysis techniques via JASP. The results showed that the cognitive reappraisal facet of emotional regulation mediated the relationship between self-compassion and stress in students. The emotional regulation facet of expressive suppression did not mediate the relationship between self-compassion and stress in students. In addition, there was a direct negative relationship between self-compassion and stress. Students who complete their final assignment must make efforts to increase self-compassion in order to survive stressful situations.
... Secara operasional, hasil skor dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai berikut, semakin tinggi skor pada SCS, maka semakin tinggi tingkat self-compassion pada individu, demikian sebaliknya. SCS telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Sugianto et al. (2020) dan ditemukan valid dan reliabel. ...
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... This study used standardized questionnaires, including the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (K. Neff, 2003), adapted into Indonesian as Skala Welas Diri (SWD) (Sugianto et al., 2020). SCS includes 26 items covering six subscales-self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and overidentification-scored on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with scores classified as low, moderate, or high. ...
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Background: Learning achievement is primarily measured by GPA. A positive self-concept, nurtured by self-compassion, is essential for achieving academic excellence. Self-compassion helps students cope with stress and boost motivation. On the other hand, procrastination is a common obstacle to academic success. Ineffective time management and organizational skills are hallmarks of procrastination. Aims: To describe the levels of self-compassion and procrastination among medical students and to examine how these factors relate to academic performance. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 266 active medical students at UGJ, selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected using an online questionnaire, including the Self-Compassion Scale and the Academic Procrastination Scale. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted, with a Spearman correlation test used to assess the correlation between variables due to the non-normal distribution of self-compassion and academic achievement. Results: The majority of participants exhibited moderate levels of self-compassion (56%). Similarly, the majority (38.7%) demonstrated moderate levels of academic procrastination. In terms of learning achievement, the majority of participants achieved a GPA between 3.01 and 3.50 (32.3%). A significant positive correlation was found between self-compassion and learning achievement (p-value<0.001, r=0.339). Conversely, a significant negative correlation was observed between academic procrastination and learning achievement (p-value<0.001, r=-0.234). Conclusion: This research shows that higher self-compassion is associated with better learning outcomes whereas higher academic procrastination is associated with worse learning outcomes. Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 17 October 2024 | Revised: 17 November 2024 | Accepted: 30 November 2024.
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Self-compassion refers to healthy ways of relating to oneself in times of suffering, whether suffering is caused by failure, perceived inadequacy, or general life difficulties. Self-compassion allows individuals to accept themselves as they are, including the limitations and imperfections that make them human. Informally, it is defined as treating yourself with the same care with which you would treat a good friend who is struggling. Self-compassion helps people to better tolerate painful emotions such as grief, despair, anxiety, anger, and shame. The inherent challenge, however, is to extend a loving embrace to ourselves when we like ourselves the least, such as when we feel unworthy and isolated. In this chapter, we highlight the potential of self-compassion to alleviate some of the suffering caused by shame in PTSD. We explain how high shame and low self-compassion maintain and exacerbate PTSD and how existing psychological treatments for PTSD may be enhanced by integrating self-compassion. We focus on the adverse reactions to compassion in trauma survivors and give examples of how to safely work with such resistances.
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This study examined the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) using secondary data drawn from 20 samples (N = 11,685)—7 English and 13 non-English—including 10 community, 6 student, 1 mixed community/student, 1 meditator, and 2 clinical samples. Self-compassion is theorized to represent a system with 6 constituent components: self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness and reduced self-judgment, isolation and overidentification. There has been controversy as to whether a total score on the SCS or if separate scores representing compassionate versus uncompassionate self-responding should be used. The current study examined the factor structure of the SCS using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to examine 5 distinct models: 1-factor, 2-factor correlated, 6-factor correlated, single-bifactor (1 general self-compassion factor and 6 group factors), and 2-bifactor models (2 correlated general factors each with 3 group factors representing compassionate or uncompassionate self-responding). Results indicated that a 1- and 2-factor solution to the SCS had inadequate fit in every sample examined using both CFA and ESEM, whereas fit was excellent using ESEM for the 6-factor correlated, single-bifactor and correlated 2-bifactor models. However, factor loadings for the correlated 2-bifactor models indicated that 2 separate factors were not well specified. A general factor explained 95% of the reliable item variance in the single-bifactor model. Results support use of the SCS to examine 6 subscale scores (representing the constituent components of self-compassion) or a total score (representing overall self-compassion), but not separate scores representing compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding.
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Pfattheicher and colleagues recently published an article entitled ‘Old Wine in New Bottles? The Case of Self‐compassion and Neuroticism’ that argues the negative items of the Self‐compassion Scale (SCS), which represent reduced uncompassionate self‐responding, are redundant with neuroticism (especially its depression and anxiety facets) and do not evidence incremental validity in predicting life satisfaction. Using potentially problematic methods to examine the factor structure of the SCS (higher‐order confirmatory factor analysis), they suggest a total self‐compassion score should not be used and negative items should be dropped. In Study 1, we present a reanalysis of their data using what we argue are more theoretically appropriate methods (bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling) that support use of a global self‐compassion factor (explaining 94% of item variance) over separate factors representing compassionate and reduced uncompassionate self‐responding. While self‐compassion evidenced a large correlation with neuroticism and depression and a small correlation with anxiety, it explained meaningful incremental validity in life satisfaction compared with neuroticism, depression, and anxiety. Findings were replicated in Study 2, which examined emotion regulation. Study 3 established the incremental validity of negative items with multiple well‐being outcomes. We conclude that although self‐compassion overlaps with neuroticism, the two constructs are distinct. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Research indicates that self-compassion is relevant to adolescents’ psychological well-being, and may inform the development of mental health and well-being interventions for youth. This meta-analysis synthesises the existing literature to estimate the magnitude of effect for the association between self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents. Our search identified 19 relevant studies of adolescents (10–19 years; N = 7049) for inclusion. A large effect size was found for an inverse relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress indexed by anxiety, depression, and stress (r = − 0.55; 95% CI − 0.61 to − 0.47). The identified studies were highly heterogeneous, however sensitivity analyses indicated that correction for publication bias did not significantly alter the pattern of results. These findings replicate those in adult samples, suggesting that lack of self-compassion may play a significant role in causing and/or maintaining emotional difficulties in adolescents. We conclude that self-compassion may be an important factor to target in psychological distress and well-being interventions for youth.
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Background Studies of the value of compassion on physical and mental health and social relationships have proliferated in the last 25 years. Although, there are several conceptualisations and measures of compassion, this study develops three new measures of compassion competencies derived from an evolutionary, motivational approach. The scales assess 1. the compassion we experience for others, 2. the compassion we experience from others, and 3. self-compassion based on a standard definition of compassion as a ‘sensitivity to suffering in self and others with a commitment to try to alleviate and prevent it’. We explored these in relationship to other compassion scales, self-criticism, depression, anxiety, stress and well-being. Methods Participants from three different countries (UK, Portugal and USA) completed a range of scales including compassion for others, self-compassion, self-criticism, shame, depression, anxiety and stress with the newly developed ‘The Compassionate Engagement and Actions’ scale. ResultsAll three scales have good validity. Interestingly, we found that the three orientations of compassion are only moderately correlated to one another (r < .5). We also found that some elements of self-compassion (e.g., being sensitive to, and moved by one’s suffering) have a complex relationship with other attributes of compassion (e.g., empathy), and with depression, anxiety and stress.A path-analysis showed that self-compassion is a significant mediator of the association between self-reassurance and well-being, while self-criticism has a direct effect on depressive symptoms, not mediated by self-compassion. DiscussionCompassion evolved from caring motivation and in humans is associated with a range of different socially intelligent competencies. Understanding how these competencies can be inhibited and facilitated is an important research endeavour. These new scales were designed to assess these competencies. Conclusions This is the first study to measure the three orientations of compassion derived from an evolutionary model of caring motivation with specified competencies. Our three new measures of compassion further indicate important complex relationships between different potentiation’s of compassion, well-being, and vulnerability to psychopathologies.
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In the last few years, compassion-based approaches have been integrated into the field of psychology and psychotherapy. In order to evaluate their efficacy – and to explore the relationship between compassion, self-compassion and other psychological processes –, several self-reported instruments have been developed. The objective of this paper is to give a description of the instruments that are available for assessing compassion and self-compassion, with a special focus on those instruments which have been adapted/validated in Spanish. The article begins with a brief definition of compassion, and self-compassion, and thereafter provides a description of the available scales. These scales are reviewed in three different groups: 1) instruments specifically developed to assess compassion/self-compassion that have been adapted/validated in Spanish; 2) other instruments specifically developed to assess compassion/self-compassion (which have not been validated for Spanish speaking populations); and 3) scales that include compassion as one of its components. The science of compassion is an emerging field for which psychometrically robust instruments are needed. Counting on validated measures for Spanish-speaking populations is mandatory for facilitating its use in Spanish-speaking contexts.