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BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

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Abstract

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tourism has been using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for many years before and after-sales with tourism product creation. Information Communication Technologies include artificial intelligence, blockchain, developing technologies, wireless connectivity, big data, augmented reality, high-performance computer, internet of things and cloud computing technologies. Tourism is connected with all of these technologies and has a wide usage area. As tourism develops, it gets automation by getting help from technological infrastructures. Within this framework, previously used manual, laborious jobs are replaced by easier and more efficient technological infrastructures. Cloud technologies changed the tourism industry infrastructure. Recently, their usage areas have increased and beneficial effects have started to be seen in many fields, especially in costs. The purpose of this section is to examine the cloud technology used in tourism in detail. Cloud technologies are also called cloud computing. In this section, firstly, the definition, historical development, features, detailed presentation of service delivery and installation models are provided for a deeper understanding of the cloud computing concept. In the second part, tourism and cloud computing applications are examined in detail. TÜRKÇE ÖZET: Turizm turizm ürün oluşturma ile satış öncesi ve sonrasında Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerini (BİT) uzun yıllardır kullanmaktadır. Bilgi İletişim Teknolojilerinin arasında yapay zekâ, blok zinciri, gelişen teknolojiler, kablosuz bağlantı, büyük veri, artırılmış gerçeklik, yüksek performans bilgisayar, nesnelerin interneti ve bulut bilişim teknolojileri yer almaktadır. Turizm bu teknolojilerin hepsi ile bağlantılı ve kullanım alanı geniş bir yapıya sahiptir. Turizm geliştikçe, teknolojik altyapılardan yardım da alarak işleri otomasyona geçirmektedir. Bu çerçevede, daha önceden kullanılan manuel, zahmetli işlerin yerini daha kolay ve etkili teknolojik altyapılar almaktadır. Bulut teknoljileri turizm sektörü altyapısını değiştirdi. Son zamanlarda kullanım alanları artmış ve başta maliyetler olmak üzere birçok alanda faydalı etkileri görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu bölümün amacı, turizmde kullanılan bulut teknolojisini detaylı bir şekilde incelemektir. Bulut teknolojileri ayrıca bulut bilişim olarak da adlandırılmaktadır. Bu bölümde ilk olarak bulut bilişim kavramını daha derin anlaşılması için tanımı, tarihsel gelişimi, özellikleri, hizmet sunum ve kurulum modellerinin detaylı incelenmesi yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise, turizm ve bulut bilişim uygulamaları detaylı olarak incelenmektedir.
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
Prof. Dr. Abdullah KARAMAN
SAYIN
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 14824
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VIII+225 s., 165x240 mm
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Dr. .  YAZICI 
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
 

 
Dr. 
 

 

 

 

VI
 
Dr. 
 
Dr. 
 191

 199

 219


Dr. . 12

           
  1    


2

        

        
    

         
          
   
    


          
          
4-5    
      
          
  6  
7
         
         
8.
 
 
62 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

1959 John McCarthy zaman paylaşımlı ana bilgisayarı buldu
1964 IBM CP/CMS zaman paylaşımlı operasyon sistemi gelişrdi
1966 Douglas Parkhill “Challenges of the Computer Ulity” başlıklı kitabını yayınladı
1969 J.C.R. Licklider tarandan “ARPANET” bulundu (ilk internet)
1972 IBM VM/370 sanal makina gelişrdi
1980 Ana Bilgisayar (Mainframe) /Mini Bilgisayar/Kişisel Bilgisayar dönüştü
1990 Virtual Private Network (VPN) gelişrildi
1991 WWW – world wide web bulundu
1995 Amazon WWW kullanarak kitap satmaya başladı
1997 “Bulut Bilişim” Prof Ramnath tarandan tanımlandı ve kullanılmaya başlandıß
1999 Salesforce.com yazılım hizmeni www ğzerinden ücret ile satmaya başladı
1999 Ian Foster ve Carl Kesselman “The Grid: Blueprint for a new compung infrastructure
and develop Globus tool kit to create a computer grid” başlıklı kitaplarını yayınladılar
2002 Amazon Web Servis (SOA) başladı
2004 Google ücretsiz e-posta hizme vermeye başladı
2005 Google Haritayı çıkardı
2006 Amazon kullandıkça öde sistemini başla (Amazon Web Services) (Elasc Cloud Com-
pung (EC2) ve Simple Storage Service (S3)).
2006 Google “Google uygulamaları” 2 GB boş alan vererek başla
2008 Özel bulut model, gelişrildi
2009 Bulut sağlayıcılar internet tarayıcı tabanlı uygulamalar sunmaya başladılar
2010 Microso bulut hizme vermeye başladı (Windows Azure).
2010 Bulut 2.0 gelişrildi
2011 IBM akıllı bulut hizme vermeye başladı
2011 Hibrit Bulut bulundu
2017 Bulut tabanlı nesnelerin interne
2019 Edge Bilişim
2019 Sis Bilişim (Fog Compung), Cisco; 3. Nesil Bulut bilişim
9-10-11-12--14-15


           
16
          
      
        
          
17         

DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
        
  18      

19.
        
      
         
   


         

         21 
         
  22       


   

64 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0
23
   
   
   


 Normal 
   
   
   
   
 

 

   
 


 


  SETI 
   
          
          
          
         
    

              




          
           
     
           
  25       
          
     26     
        


         
      27,28,29
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65
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
         
      
        
.    


         

           

        
   

         
         
          
         
         
        



40
41

        
 .44     
        
          
   45    
46


  47-48       

   
         
 
     
     
         

66 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

          
          
49    
     .50 


•     
       
         
   51 T     

• 
        
    52    



•  

54

• 

55
• 
.56
         

         
        

57

      
.
• 
       
       

58
67
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
       
      59

•          
        
      
        
   60     
      
     61  

62
•  

    
        
         
         
64

        


65
         
          
         


SaaS
Yazılım
PaaS
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IaaS
Altyapı
KULLANICI
SAĞLAYICI
68 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

 

•          
         
        
     
         
66
•           

        

 
67
• 
         
68

    
   
  
69   

•             
          70
          
    
        
         


71 




        
       72 Son
        
 Kurum
69
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI


          
74-75
        76   
       
77
78
          
79        
           
         
80
         
    
    81   
        

82
  

•          
         


• 2019  
 .84 

•          
85        
       

          


86
         
         
          
         
87

70 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

88
   
89
         


          
       
        
90        
         
       


          
       
        
        
        
   
         
      
          


       
         
    
           
  
91
Esneklik.      
         

Mobilite;
         
       
         

71
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
Güvenlik;
         

Analiz;          


Senkronizasyon;




        



        
     
92 

        
            


         
       
        
        
        
       
        
          
       
         


         
        

        

         
72 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0
         
94-95-96
Uygun maliyet; 
          
 
    




    
 
 
          

Zamanında teslim / zaman tasarrufu;    
       
 

       

       
         
       
        
         

Daha az eğitim ihtiyacı;      
         



          
        
         


Emniyet ve güvenlik;       

           
          
    

DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
       

           


Artan esneklik / İstenilen zaman ve herhangi bir yerden çalışabilme
esnekliği;        



         


          
      

Teknoloji meraklısı seyahatçilere yönelik uygulamalar;
       
         
          
97
       
         

Turizm enformasyonu ve kaynak inşası için veri platformu;  

            

    
  
     


98
74 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0

Önbüro uygulamaları




İdari ofis uygulamaları




Restoran ve banket yönetimi


Misafire yönelik arayüz
uygulamaları




       
        


99.




     
         
         
        

      
100.


         
     

          
101.
        



75
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
 
      102 
   



  
       
sunar.

          
         
         
   
        
          
    
104.

        


  




          

105.
        
      
       
          
 
     
         
106.
         
    

107.
76 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0


         


 
108.
        


          
        

         
         


1 

2             

         

4 

5

6         

7             

8             


9             

10 
11    

12 



14                  
  

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DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
15 

16 

17 
18 


19 
 

20       
       
102.
21 

22       

 
24             

25  

26 

27 
28            

29         

 
 
 
 

 
        

 
 
             

   


 
40 

78 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0
41          

42            
     

   

44      
     

45  

46  

47    

48 

IEEE.
49 
50 
51 

52 
 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59    

60 
61 
62  
        

           
         

64 
65 

66             
            

67 
79
DIJITAL TURIZM: SEKTÖRÜN YENI GELECEĞI
68 
69 
70 
71            
           

72              

  

74   

75 

76 

77        

78  


79 

80     

81 
82        
  


            
 

84 
 -

85    

86 
         

87 


88 


80 BULUT BİLİŞİM VE TURİZM 4.0
89 

90            

91  

92       

 


94            

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95     

96 

 
97 
  
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98 
99 
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100
101         
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102 
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104
105 
106
107
108
... İşletme, Samsung Gear VR gözlükleri ile alanlarda yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Konuklar bulut bilişim aracılığıyla rezervasyon yaptırdığı odayı görebilmekte, akşam yemeği için rezervasyon yaptırabilmekte, işletmenin sunduğu özel promosyon veya teklifleri görüntüleyebilmektedir(Yazıcı ve Ayazlar, 2019). Bulut bilişim teknolojisini en fazla kullan konaklama işletmeleri arasında, Hotel Aqua, Hilton Bomonti, Ramada, Reasons Hotel, Elite Dragos Hotel, sunucu-veri merkezi gibi altyapı maliyetlerinin düşürülmesinde ve verimliliğinin arttırılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. ...
... Bulut bilişim ise kamunun kullanımına sunulan iletişim ağı ile güvenilir platformlardan veri depolama imkanı sunan teknolojidir (Masseno ve Sanstos, 2018). Önbüro uygulamalarında, restoran yönetiminde, seyahat acentacılığında ve turistin deneyimine ilişkin çok sayıda alanda bu teknolojilerden yararlanılabilmektedir (Yazıcı ve Ayazlar, 2019). Yapay zeka teknolojisi ise bilgisayar sistemlerine deneyimlerden otomatik olarak yararlanma fırsatı veren, verimliliği artırarak insan gibi günlük görevleri yerine getirebilecek özelliğe sahip insan zekasının simülasyonudur (Li, Bon ve Ye, 2019). ...
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