Miospores – based palynostratigraphy of the Hojedk Formation at the Eshkeli Section, north of Kerman

Abstract

Reasonably diverse and fairly preserved palynoflora dominated by land-derived palynomorphs (miospores) in association with minor marine entities, such as dinoflagellate cysts, foraminiferal test linings, and acritarchs occur in surface samples of the Hojedk Formation, at the Eshkeli stratigraphic section, north of Kerman. Spores with radiosymmetrical symmetry (trilete spores), bisaccate and monosaccate pollen, in descending order, are abundant in the assemblages; twenty-six species of spores (assigned to 18 genera) and eight species of pollen (distributed among 7 genera) are recovered. Klukisporites Zone and Klukisporites variegatus Subzone are identified based on the notable abundance of the ubiquitous index species in the assemblages and dated as as late Bajocian-early Bathonian. Co-occurrence of miospores with known vertical ranges, viz., Klukisporites variegatus, Osmundacidites senectus, Concavissimisporites verrucosus, Striatella spp. suggests a Middle Jurassic age (late Bajocian-early Bathonian) for the host strata thus corraborating with the available palnt megafossil data.

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Sajjadi@khayam.ut.ac.ir
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Klukisporites variegatus
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Klukisporites ZoneKlukisporites variegatus
SubzoneConcavissimisporites
verrucosusKlukisporites variegatusKlukisporites scaberisOsmundacidites senectusStriatella spp.
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
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
      
      
  
       
        
        
        
Wilmsen et al., 2009b
Seyed-Emami & Alavi-Naini 1990Fursich et al.,
2009b     
       
    Seyed-Emami et al., 2004
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


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
Paleontology
Spring & Summer 2014, 2 (1): 111-127
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


Kimiyai, 1968
Arjang, 1975Vassiliev, 1984Poole & Mirzaie –
Ataabadi, 2005Fursich et al., 2009b





., 2009bet alFürsich 






Barnard1967



Vassiliev1984


Schweitzer & Kirchner1996, 1998

Poole & Mirzaie
Ataabadi2005 

Vaez-Javadi & Mirzaei-Ataabadi2006

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
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

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

Phipps & Playford1984













Immersion Oil















 






Klukisporites variegates

Klukisporites ZoneKlukisporites
variegatusArjang, 1975

Arjang1975




Alisporites simillis, Araucariacites australis,
Retitriletes austroclavatidites, Chasmatosporites
major, Cycadopites spp., Cyathidites australis,
Ischyosporites crateris, Deltoidospora hallii,
Concavissimisporites punctatus, Dictyophyllidites
harrisii, Dictyophyllidites mortonii, Riccisporites
tuberculatus, Todisporites minor, Osmundacidites
senectus, Gleicheiniidites senonicus, Converru-
cosisporites parvitumulus, Klukisporites scaberis,
Biretisporites sp., Osmundacidites injunensis,
Podocarpidites biformis, Striatella seebergensis,
Limbosporites lundbladii, Callialasporites
dampieri, Alisporites australis, Concavissimis-
porites

subgranulosus, Granulatisporites granu-
latus, Sellaspora passa, Todisporites major,
Concavissimisporites verrucosus, Classopollis
simplex,

Cyathidites concavus, Osmundacidites
wellmanii.








Kimyai1968, 1974




Cyathidites, Deltoidospora, Dictyophyllidites,
Klukisporites, Osmundacidites, Todisporites,
Alisporites, Inaperturopollenites (Araucariacites),
Gleicheiniidites, Classopollis, Monosulcites
(Cycadopites), Ischyosporites, Podocarpidites,
Tsugapollenites (Callialasporites).
Arjang1975


Concavisporites
(Dictyophyllidites) Zone
Klukisporites ZoneKlukisporites
variegatus Subzone


Cyathidites australis
Osmundacidites wellmaniiTodisporites minor
Concavisporites labrapunctatus (Dictyophyllidites
harrisii)Concavisporites persicus (Dictyophyllidites
mortonii)Deltoidospora halliiLimbosporites
lundbladiiPodocarpidites biformis


Arjang1975
Ischyosporites (Klukisporites)
variegatusConcavisporites (Dictyophyllidites) 

Achiilles et al.

1984




Duplexisporites 

115 












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
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

Plate 1
Figs. 1-2. Dictyophyllidites mortonii (de Jersey) Playford & Dettmann, 1965; proximal foci. Fig. 3. Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross
emend. Skarby, 1964; proximal focus. Figs. 4-5. Ischyosporites crateris Balme, 1957; 4, 5a proximal foci. 5b distal focus. Figs. 6-
8. Klukisporites variegates Couper, 1958. median foci. Fig. 9. Striatella seebergensis Mädler, 1964. median focus. Fig. 10.
Limbosporites lundbladii Nilsson, 1958. median focus. Fig. 11. Sellaspora passa McKellar, 1998. median focus. Fig. 12.
Chasmatosporites major Nilsson, 1958. median focus. Fig. 13. Alisporites grandis (Cookson) Dettmann, 1963, median focus. Fig.
14. Concavissimisporites punctatus (Delcourt & Sprumont) Brenner, 1963. Proximal focus. Fig. 15 Cribroperidinium crispum
(Wetzel) Fenton, 1981.

 



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

117 








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
problematicus (Striatella seebergensis)
Ischyosporites (Klukisporites) variegates
Leptolepidites argenteaeformis Zone

Leptolepidites argenteaeformis


Dictyophyllidites mortonii

Limbosporites
lundbladii



Cyathidites australis



Achiilles et al.1984 Arjang1975
Ashraf1977
Ischyosporites (Klukisporites) variegatus
Concavisporites (Dictyophyllidites)





Bharadwaj & Kumar1986
A-C
Dictyophyllidites
Cyathidites



Klukisporites
Arjang1975
Klukisporites variegatus
                                   

B


Araucariacites, Cyathidites, Cycadopites,
Dictyophyllidites, Gleicheniidites, Retitriletes.





 






Alisporites similis, Araucariacites australis,
Biretisporites sp., Concavissimisporites punctatus,
Concavissimisporites subgranulosus,
Concavissimisporites verrucosus, Cyathidites
australis, Cyathidites minor, Dictyo-phyllidites
harrisii, Dictyophyllidites mortonii, Klukisporites
variegatus, Osmundacidites senectus, Todisporites
major, Todisporites minor.

 

Striatella seebergensis


Contignisporites burgeri



Alisporites australis, Alisporites simillis,
Araucariacites australis, Callialasporites
dampieri, Concavissimisporites verrucosus,
Cyathidites australis, Deltoidospora hallii,
Dictyophyllidites harrisii, Dictyophyllidites
mortonii, Gleicheiniidites senonicus, Limbosporites
lundbladii, Osmundacidites senectus, Retitriletes
austroclavatidites, Striatella seebergensis,
Todisporites minor.
Sajjadi et al., 2007
A-C




Alisporites similis, Araucariacites australis,
Callialasporites dampieri, Concavissimisporites
punctatus, Concavissimisporites verrucosus,
Cyathidites australis, Cyathidites minor,
Deltoidospora sp., Dictyophyllidites harrisii,
Dictyophyllidites mortonii, Gleicheniidites senonicus,
Klukisporites variegatus, Klukisporites variegatus,
Osmundacidites senectus, Osmundacidites wellmanii,
Sellaspora asperata, Todisporites minor.


Klukisporites variegatus
Klukisporites variegates Aboundance
Zone






Klukisporites ZoneKlukisporites
variegatus Subzone
Klukisporites variegatus

Callialasporites dampieri
Callialasporites dampieri

Dictyotosporites complex Oppel zone
Klukisporites variegatus Subzone







Alisporites australis, Alisporites simillis,
Araucariacites australis, Biretisporites sp.,
Callialasporites dampieri, Chasmatosporites
major, Classopollis simplex, Concavissimisporites
punctatus, Concavissimisporites verrucosus,
Converrucosisporites parvitumulus, Cyathidites
australis, Cyathidites

concavus, Cycadopites spp.,
Deltoidospora hallii, Dictyophyllidites harrisii,
Dictyophyllidites mortonii, Gleicheiniidites

119 






senonicus, Ischyosporites crateris, Limbosporites
lundbladii, Osmundacidites wellmanii, Retitriletes
austroclavatidites, Riccisporites tuberculatus,
Sellaspora passa, Striatella seebergensis,
Todisporites major, Todisporites minor.











Balme1957
IIIaIIb
 
I
Corollina (Classopollis)Exesipollenites
Exesipollenites Assemblage
IIa
Callialsporites dampieri
Podosporites

Microcachryidites
Dampieri Assemblage
IIb
Microcachryidites Assemblage 
(Balme, 1964)
Balme1964Dampieri
Assemblage







Araucariacites australis, Gleicheniidites,
Corollina (Classopollis), Lycopodiumsporites
(Retitriletes), Cyathidites, bisaccate pollen.
Reiser & Williams1969(Surat)
Tsugapollenites
(Callialasporites) segmentatus - Tsugapollenites
dampieri Assemblage zone





Callialasporites dampieriCyathidites
spp.Dictyophyllidites mortoni
Filatoff1975
Exesipolleinites tumulus Assemblage zone
Callialasporites dampieri
Assemblage zone
(Pert)



Dictyotosporites complex Oppel zone



Converrucosisporites variverrucatus (verrucosus),
Duplexisporites (Striatella) problematicus
(seebergensis), Gleicheniidites senonicus,
Klukisporites neovariegatus (variegatus),
Lycopodiumsporites (Retitriletes) austroclavatidites,
Callialasporites dampieri.
Ashraf1977
 
Ischyosporites (Klukisporites)

 



Concavisporites (Dictyophyllidites)
Ischyosporites (Klukisporites) variegatus-
Duplexisporites (Striatella) problematicus
(seebergensis)

BiretisporitesCycadopites

Gleicheiniidites
KlukisporitesPodocarpidites

Todisporites


Helby et al.

1987
Callialasporites dampieri Superzone
Microcachryidites Superzone




Dictyotosporites complex
Oppel Zone (Filatoff, 1975 - modified)


Retitriletes
circolumenusContignisporites cooksoniae



Duplexisporites (Striatella) problematicus
(seebergensis), Gleicheniidites senonicus,
Callialasporites dampieri, Corollina (Classopollis)
simplex.
Filatoff & Price1988
Contignisporites



Striatella



Striatella seebergensis



.
McKellar1998


Retitriletes circolumenus Association Zone


Aequitriradites norrisii

 Corollina (Classopollis) spp., Callialasporites
spp., Klukisporites scaberis, Klukisporites
variegates.
Mantle & Riding2012



Alisporites, Araucariacites, Classopollis,
Concavissimisporites, Cyathidites, Dictyophyllidites,
Gleicheniidites, Klukisporites, Osmundacidites,
Striatella.
Tripathi2001
(Rajmahal)

Assemblage 5
                                                  

Alisporites, Araucariacites, Callialasporites,
Cyathidites, Podocarpidites.
Ibrahim et al.2001
Zone II: Converrucosisporites spp.,
Verrucosisporites spp., Trilobosporites spp.
assemblage zone

Classopollis (Corollina) torosa

Concavissimisporites variverrucatus (verrucosus)
Camarozonosporites sp. (ramosus)Dictyophyllidites
harrisii

Klukisporites variegatus



Verrucosisporites
varians

Cicatricosisporites spp. 


121 







ConcavissimisporitesConverrucosisporites
KlukisporitesTrilobosporitesVerrucosisporites
Verrucosisporites
Trilobosporites



Yin & Zhang2002
Cyathidites-Psophophaera-Cycadopites


Cyathidites-Quadraeculina-
ClassopollisCyathidites-
Callialasporites-Classopollis



Neoraistrickia gristhorpensis (truncata)
Cyathidites
Deltoidospora
Neoraistrickia gristhorpensis
(truncata)






Araucariacites australis, Callialasporites
dampieri, Cyathidites australis, Cyathidites minor,
Dictyophyllidites mortoni, Osmundacidites
wellmanii.



Concavissimisporites variverrucatus (verrucosus),
Duplexisporites (Striatella) problematicus
(seebergensis), Klukisporites variegatus.
Tripathi2004(Rajmahal)


Callialasporites




                                        

Assemblage 1

CallialasporitesConcavissimisporitesKlukisporites

Contignisporites
Contignisporites



Vijaya & Sen2005Contignisporites
cooksoniae Assemblage

Callialasporites
Callialasporites dampieriCallialasporites
turbatus

Callialasporites trilobatus

Callialasporites
segmentatus



Araucariacites australis, Classopollis simplex,
Dictyophyllidites harisii, Duplexisporites
(Striatella) problematicus (seebergensis),
Gleicheniidites senonicus, Lycopodiacidites
(Sellaspora) asperatus (asperata), Osmundacidites
wellmanii, Podocarpidites spp.
Jiang et al.

2008
Tarim


Alisporites lowoodensis, Callialasporites dampieri,
Chasmatosporites major, Cyathidites australis,
Cyathidites minor, Dictyophyllidites harrisii,
Klukisporites variegatus, Osmundacidites
wellmanii, Todisporites minor
Stefanowicz2008
(A-E)
D

 





Ischyosporites (Klukisporites)Araucariacites
ClassopollisRetitriletesCallialasporites
Volkheimer et al.2008



Alisporites, Araucariacites, Callialasporites,
Classopollis, Dictyophyllidites, Podocarpidites.
Ainsword & Riley2010

Converrucosisporites
Deltoidospora

Callialasporites

Gleicheniidites


Rostortseva2011
Palynocomplex I
Palynocomplex II


Alisporites, Classopollis, Cyathidites australis,
Cyathidites minor, Duplexisporites (Striatella),
Gleicheniidites senonicus, Klukisporites
variegatus, Lycopodiumsporites (Retitriletes),
Osmundacidites, Podocarpidites.
Zobaa et al.

2013




Araucariacites australis, Classopollis spp.,
Deltoidospora hallii, Dictyophyllidites harrisii,
Gleicheniidites senonicus, Osmundacidites
wellmanii,




Klukisporites variegatus
Klukisporites
ZoneKlukisporites variegatus Subzone
Arjang1975
Arjang1975


Klukia exilis (Philips) Raciborski, 1890


Klukisporites variegatus

Klukisporites
variegatus






Arjang1975Achilles et al.1984
Baharadwaj & Kumar1986Kimyai1975,
1977



Filatoff, 1975Backhouse, 1988
McKellar, 1998Sajjadi & Playford, 2002a
(Koppelhus & Dam, 2003)

Osmundacidites senectus
Balme, 1963
Playford & Dettmann, 1965Burger, 1996
Concavissimisporites verrucosus


Filatoff, 1975Burger, 1976,
1996Helby et al., 1987Backhouse, 1988



123 






Plate 2
Fig. 1. Elatides thomasii Hasris, 1979; Fig. 2. Klukia exilis
(Philips) Raciborski emend. Harris, 1961; Fig. 3. Klukia westi
Jacob & Shukia, 1955.
Klukisporites scaberis
McKellar, 1998


Filatoff & Price1988

StriatellaContignisporites
burgeri
Striatella


Contignisporites burgeri


Cribroperidinium crispum
Woollam & Riding,
1983







Cribroperidinium crispum
Total Range Biozone
Acanthaulax crispa
(Cribroperidinium crispum)

Cribroperidinium crispum


Cribroperidinium sp.Pareodinia sp.


Beania cf. mamayiCladophlebis
aktashensisConiopteris hymenophylloidesEquisetites
columnarisFerizianopteris undulateNilssonia
bozorgaNilssonia feriziensisNilssonia ingens
Nilssonia macrophyllaNilssonia sarakhs
Otozamites cf. graphicusTodites princeps

Vaez-Javadi & Mirzaei-Ataabadi,
2006Klukia exilis (Philips) Raciborski
emend. Harris, 1961

Fakhr, 1977
Vaez - Javadi & Mirzaei - Ataabadi, 2006
Vaez-Javadi & Abbasi, 2012
Klukia exilis



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 




 





Klukisporites variegatus

Klukisporites ZoneKlukisporites
variegatus Subzone

Klukisporites variegatusKlukisporites scaberis
Concavissimisporites verrucosusOsmundacidites
senectusStriatella spp.





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
    





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



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






            .(






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
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





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






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
Miospores – based Palynostratigraphy of the Hojedk Formation,
Eshkeli, north of Kerman
Hashemi-Yazdi, F.1*, Sajjadi, F.2, Hashemi, H.3
1- Ph.D. Student in Stratigraphy & Paleontology, School of Geology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2- Associate Professor, School of Geology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3- Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
*E-mail: Sajjadi@khayam.ut.ac.ir
Abstract
Reasonably diverse and fairly preserved palynoflora, dominated by land-derived palynomorphs
(miospores) in association with minor marine entities, such as dinoflagellate cysts, foraminiferal test
linings, and acritarchs, occur in surface samples of the Hojedk Formation, at the Eshkeli
stratigraphic section, north of Kerman. Spores with radiosymmetrical symmetry (trilete spores),
bisaccate and monosaccate pollen, in descending order, are abundant in the assemblages; twenty-six
species of spores (assigned to 18 genera) and eight species of pollen (distributed among 7 genera)
are recovered. Klukisporites Zone and Klukisporites variegatus Subzone are identified based on the
notable abundance of the ubiquitous index species in the assemblages and dated as Late Bajocian-
Early Bathonian. Co-occurrence of miospores with known vertical ranges, viz., Klukisporites
variegatus, Osmundacidites senectus, Concavissimisporites verrucosus, Striatella spp. suggests a
Middle Jurassic age (Late Bajocian-Early Bathonian) for the host strata thus corroborating with the
available plant megafossil data.
Keywords: Palynostratigraphy; Middle Jurassic; Hojedk Formation; central Iran; Kerman.