ArticlePDF Available

Erthesina Spinola, 1837 – a new alien genus for Europe found in Albania (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Authors:
Roland Lupoli at Université de Paris Cité
Roland Lupoli
  • Université de Paris Cité
Torsten van der Heyden at Independent Researcher
Torsten van der Heyden
  • Independent Researcher
Paride Dioli at Natural History Museum Milan - Italy
Paride Dioli
  • Natural History Museum Milan - Italy
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract and Figures

The genus Erthesina is recorded for the first time in Europe. It has been observed at least 16 times in Albania since 2017 and since nymphs were found, it means the species is well implanted, can survive in winter, may become invasive and cause damage to crops.
Figures - uploaded by Torsten van der Heyden
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Torsten van der Heyden
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Torsten van der Heyden
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Torsten van der Heyden on Jun 07, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica
vol. 14: 121–123. Opole, 7 VI 2020
ISSN 2083-201X
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3882222
Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica, vol. 14: 121–123, Opole, 7 VI 2020 ISSN 2083-201X
Erthesina Spinola, 1837 – a new alien genus for Europe found in Albania
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
ROLAND LUPOLI1*, TORSTEN VAN DER HEYDEN2, PARIDE DIOLI3
1 79 rue Jules Ferry, F-94120 Fontenay-sous-bois, France; 2 Immenweide 83, D-22523 Hamburg, Germany; 3 Museo
civico di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Entomologia, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milan, Italy
*corresponding author: lupoli@free.fr
Abstract. The genus Erthesina is recorded for the first time in Europe. It has been observed at least 16 times in Albania since
2017 and since nymphs were found, it means the species is well implanted, can survive in winter, may become invasive and
cause damage to crops.
Key words: Heteroptera, Halyini, Erthesina fullo, Yellow Spotted Stink Bug, true bugs, invasive pest, Citrus, Pyrus, Albania.
Introduction
Since March 2017, a large 20 to 25 mm dark stink bug
species never seen before in Europe has been observed
in Albania, close to the cities of Tirana and Durrës. A
total of 13 observations of this Pentatomidae species
were submitted to the iNaturalist internet platform
(https://www.inaturalist.org), three observations we-
re submitted to the Facebook group “Regjistri Elektro-
nik i Specieve Shqiptare”, as photographs of specimens
by various observers, as summarized below.
Material
ALBANIA: 1 adult, 22.03.2017, Tirana, phot. teamcoordi-
nator; 1 adult, 30.10.2017, Tirana, phot. Aleksander Gole-
maj (Fig. 1); 1 adult, 04.2018, Tirana, phot. Besjan Cangu;
1 adult 09.2018, Linzë (Tirana), phot. Mediterranean loves
Albania; 1 adult, 24.12.2018, Durrës, phot. Marsel Mersi-
naj; 1 adult, 01.06.2019, Durrës, phot. Arian; 1 adult, 04.06.
2019, Durrës, phot. Arian; 1 nymph 4th instar, 17.06.2019,
Durrës, phot. Arian; 1 adult, 27.07.2019, Durrës, phot.
Arian; 1 nymph 4th instar, 27.07.2019, Durrës, phot. Arian
(Fig. 2); 8 nymphs (6 at 4th instar and 2 at 5th instar),
29.07.2019, on the trunk of a plane tree, Durrës, phot.
Arian; 1 adult, 07.09.2019, Durrës, phot. Arian; 1 adult,
14.09. 2019, Durrës, phot. Scott; 1 nymph at 5th instar, 15.
09.2019, Durrës, phot. Scott; 1 adult, 14.11.2019, Tirana,
phot. Eridan Xharahi; 1 adult, 29.03.2020, on strawberry,
Tirana, phot. Ermal Pishtari (Fig. 3).
Discussion
This insect is a pentatomid with five-segmented an-
tennae and it belongs to the tribe Halyini characterized
by antennal insertions on the head, separated from eyes
by a distance at least equal to their diameter (Der-
janschi & Péricart 2005). It is blackish with many little
irregular yellow spots and a continuous longitudinal
median yellow line across the head and pronotum;
connexivum alternates black and yellow markings and
tibiae are yellow-banded. The head is relatively long,
pointed and tapered. These morphological characters
and comparisons with preserved specimens and pho-
tographs made us identify those specimens as a spe-
cies belonging to the genus Erthesina Spinola, 1837.
Fig. 1. Adult of Erthesina cf. fullo (Thunberg, 1783) from
Tirana, Albania, 30.10.2017 (photo: Aleksander Golemaj).
Three other species of Pentatomidae found in Eu-
rope and Albania look similar: Rhaphigaster nebulosa
(Poda, 1761), Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) and
Apodiphus amygdali (Germar, 1817). The first two can
easily be distinguished because they are smaller than
Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica, vol. 14: 121–123. Opole, 7 VI 2020 ISSN 2083-201X
122
17 mm and because the shape of the apex of their head
is rounded and not pointed. A. amygdali may have the
same size, but its head ends with two sharp teeth cor-
responding to the external borders of its jugae. All
those three species do not have a yellow middle longi-
tudinal line on the head and the pronotum.
Fig. 2. Nymph (4th instar) of Erthesina cf. fullo (Thunberg,
1783) from Durrës, Albania, 27.07.2019 (photo: Arjan Ndoni).
Fig. 3. Adult of Erthesina cf. fullo (Thunberg, 1783) from
Tirana, Albania, 29.03.2020 (photo: Ermal Pishtari).
In their revision of the genus Erthesina, Ah-
mad et al. (2004) recognized seven known world spe-
cies distributed from Pakistan to Japan: E. aberrans
Distant, 1918, E. acuminata Dallas, 1851, E. fullo
(Thunberg, 1783), E. guttata (Fabricius, 1787), E. ilia
China, 1925, E. pakistanensis Ahmad, Memon & Kama-
luddin, 2003, and E. robertsi Distant, 1908.
The head of E. fullo is as long as the pronotum so it
can be distinguished from E. pakistanensis with a head
longer than the pronotum and from E. aberrans with
a head shorter than the pronotum. In E. fullo anten-
nomers II are longer than III, although in E. robertsi they
are subequal and III shorter than II in E. ilia. E. guttata’s
body is olivaceous green and it is testaceous brown in
E. fullo. The head of E. acuminata is remarkably pointed
in the front with lateral margins slightly toothed near
the apex. Also its labium is long, reaching the base of the
last abdominal segment, although it is only reaching the
third abdominal segment in E. fullo.
From this revision of the genus Erthesina, we could
conclude that the species found in Albania is E. fullo.
However, Rider (2020) believes there are only two
Erthesina species in the world, one from the oriental
region, E. fullo, and one from the Indian subcontinent,
E. acuminata, meaning the other ones should be intra-
specific variations and considered as synonyms.
In order to distinguish E. fullo from E. acuminata,
the best would have been to examine the length of the
labium on the ventral side of the specimens from Alba-
nia, since the shape of the head seems to be a variable
character. But unfortunately, all the photographs from
Albania show the dorsal side of the specimens. Thus,
we cannot conclude without examining the specimens
from Albania if they are E. fullo or E. acuminata, and as
a consequence, if the species was introduced from
Southeast Asia or India.
However, we strongly believe the specimens ob-
served in Albania to be E. fullo. When we compare the
1170 observations of E. fullo in Southeast Asia on the
iNaturalist platform, we realize that the Albanian spe-
cimens have the same relatively stable coloration pat-
tern (globally dark brown with multiple small white
spots and two large black impunctate patches on me-
socoriae) while this coloration pattern is much more
variable and different in the 64 observations of
E. acuminata from India submitted to iNaturalist.
Also from these observations, we found in E. fullo
that its basal white spot of the antennomer V is rela-
tively small and represents less than 1/4 of its length,
while in E. acuminata it is relatively long, representing
about 1/3 of its length.
Although, taking into account the observations
submitted to iNaturalist and Facebook, only five adults
were observed in 2017 and 2018 in Albania, which
could have been like accidental introductions without
consequence, observations of six adults but especially
of eleven 4th and 5th instars nymphs between June and
November 2019 indicate that the species was able to
settle in Albania, reproduce and spend there at least
one or two winters.
Biology and damages
E. fullo is known as a phytophagous pest by the name
Yellow Spotted Stink Bug or YSSB in Asia (Malaysia,
Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Southern China up
to Beijing, Southern Japan up to Tokyo). It feeds on
timber, leaves and fruits of different species of trees. It
is considered as a major pest of orange and mandarin
fruits (Citrus sp.) (Li et al. 1997) and pear fruits (Pyrus
sp.) in Southern China. On common jujube (Ziziphus
jujuba) no damages are mentioned on fruits, but loss is
caused by precocious fruit drop (Song & Wang 1993).
It is also known as a pest of pine trees and hardwood
trees in Taiwan and of the cinnamon tree (Cin-
namomum cassia) in Vietnam. It is also able to feed on
various arbustive plants and trees in tropical and sub-
tropical areas, including the genera Ailanthus, Aver-
Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistica, vol. 14: 121–123. Opole, 7 VI 2020 ISSN 2083-201X
123
rhoa, Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Hibiscus, Mangifera, Melia,
Prunus, Psidium, Punica, Populus, Salix and Tectona
(EPPO 2020).
Conclusions
E. fullo is known to spread as a hitchhiker and it could
infest fruit consignments as eggs, nymphs or adults.
One adult specimen was intercepted once, apart from
its original geographical distribution, in New Zealand
in 2014 (EPPO 2020), but it was managed and control-
led and no other observation has been recorded there
since. In Albania, specimens were found on plane tree
(Platanus sp.), strawberries (Fragaria sp.) (Ermal
Pishtari, personal communication), and sometimes at
the homes or offices of various observers up to now
(Besjan Cangu and Aleksander Golemaj, personal
communications).
Before this actual report, it has never been re-
corded as an invasive species in Europe (Rabitsch
2008).
E. fullo might become an economic and ecological
danger in Europe. In Albania, citrus (orange and man-
darin) and pear crops should be inspected to check if
this alien species is present there and in that case,
control measures should be implemented to avoid the
spreading of this pest, knowing what happened with
H. halys, the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB)
imported from China, which has almost entirely in-
vaded Europe and the United States (Leskey & Nielsen
2018).
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Aleksander Golemaj, Arjan Ndoni and
Ermal Pishtari for allowing us to use their photos to illustrate
this paper and for additional information, Besjan Cangu,
Besnik Fetiu, Roland Lelaj and I. Nanaj for useful information,
Anja von Seth for reviewing the English language in this paper
and the social forum “Regjistri Elektronik i Specieve Shqip-
tare” for introducing a useful “Citizen Science” in researches
on the fauna of Albania.
References
Ahmad I., Memon N., Kamaludin S. 2004. A Revision of
Hayline Stink Bug Genus Erthesina Spinola (He-
miptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) and Their
Clasdistics [sic!]. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 36:
285–293.
Derjanschi V., Péricart J. 2005. Faune de France. – 90 –.
Hémiptères Pentatomoidea euro-méditerranéens.
Volume 1. Généralités, systématique: première par-
tie. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences
Naturelles, Paris, 496 pp.
EPPO 2020. EPPO Global Database (Online database).
https://gd.eppo.int. DROPSA, October 2016. Erthesi-
na fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae); available from:
https://gd.eppo.int/download/doc/1184_minids_
ERTNFU.pdf; accessed: 02.04.2020.
Leskey T.C., Nielsen A.L. 2018. Impact of the Invasive
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in North America
and Europe: History, Biology, Ecology, and Man-
agement. Annual Review of Entomology 63: 599–
618.
Li L., Wang R., Waterhouse D.F. 1997. The Distribution
and Importance of Arthropod Pests and Weeds of
Agriculture and Forestry Plantations in Southern
China. ACIAR, Monograph No. 46, Canberra, 185
pp.
Rabitsch W. 2008. Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta:
Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 1827: 1–44.
Rider D.A. 2020. Erthesina Spinola, 1837. Available from:
https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rider/Pentatomoide
a/Genus_Halyini/Erthesina.htm; accessed: 02.04. 2020.
Song H.W., Wang C.M. 1993. Damage by Halyomorpha
halys (Stål) and Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) to ju-
jube trees and their control. Entomological
Knowledge 30 (4): 225–228.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Received: 2 April 2020
Accepted: 18 May 2020
... Due to the negative impact on crop yield, the lack of control methods and native natural enemies to regulate populations, and legal regulations, invasive pest species often threaten crops (Carruthers, 2003;Paini et al., 2016;Eschen et al., 2021). For example, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), also known as the yellow-spotted stink bug and native to Asia, was recently discovered in Europe (2017) and Brazil (2021), posing a threat to crops (Lupoli et al., 2020;Brugnera et al., 2022). Erthesina fullo is a polyphagous species that attacks 57 species from 29 botanical families (Mi et al., 2020). ...
... Until 2016, E. fullo distribution was limited to the Asian continent. However, this species was detected in Albania in 2017 and more recently (2021) in Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Lupoli et al., 2020;Brugnera et al., 2022). In 2014, individuals were intercepted in New Zealand but not found again (Mitchell, 2014). ...
... Erthesina fullo has been identified in 14 countries across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and most recently, South America ( Fig. 1). In addition to its native area (Asia), this species was detected in Europe (Albania) in 2017 (Lupoli et al., 2020), and in South America (Brazil) in 2021. In 2014, one female was intercepted in New Zealand (Teulon and Xu, 2018). ...
Predicting suitable areas for the invasive species Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Article
  • Jun 2023
  • CROP PROT
Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest that has recently been detected in Europe (2017) and South America (2021). Due to polyphagia and temperature adaptation, this pest has a high risk of establishing in introduced areas. However, despite recent invasion events, there are no data on potentially suitable areas for E. fullo occurrence outside its native range. In this study, we presented a model for the potential distribution of E. fullo based on the CLIMEX algorithm. We built the model using global species occurrence (1424 points), three climate scenarios (current, 2030, and 2080), and available biological data. The ecoclimate index and weekly growth index were then estimated to determine the suitability of regions in a general scenario over time. Our model shows suitable areas for E. fullo in America, Africa, Europe, and Oceania under the current climate scenario. These regions have tropical and subtropical climates. However, the suitability was reduced (-28%) in those climates under future climate scenarios while increasing in temperate regions. In addition, we found that the weekly growth index of E. fullo was positively correlated with photoperiod. Our findings can help guide future efforts to prevent potential invasion and establishment of E. fullo beyond its current range.
View
... Therefore, YSSB possesses a strong potential to become the next successful global invader. YSSB has been frequently observed in Albania since March 2017 and its nymphs were found indicating that it has successfully invaded Europe (Lupoli et al., 2020). The first occurrence of YSSB has also been reported in November 2021 in Brazil (Brugnera et al., 2022). ...
... Erthesina has been reported as a new alien genus in Europe and identified as YSSB based on its morphological characteristics, in line with the observations in Southeast Asia on the iNaturalist platform (Lupoli et al., 2020). Here, we confirmed the samples from Albania were E. fullo based on the morphological feature (with the elongate and spinelike anteromesial lobe of paramere) (Fig. S5) and molecular evidences (with the minimum intraspecific genetic distance of ARBN population based on COI was 0.06% from JSNS population) (Table S5). ...
View
... In 2014, a specimen of E. fullo was found in Temuka, New Zealand (Mitchell 2014), however, new records were not detected. Since 2017, it has been recorded in Tirana and Durrës, Albania, where it was able to reproduce and survive (Lupoli et al. 2020(Lupoli et al. , 2021. These records call attention to Here, we report for the first time the presence of E. fullo in the Neotropical Region based on four records found in Santos, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. ...
... On the other hand, there is no record of the YSSB on any important commodity crops, such as corn, cotton, and soybean, which in Brazil include other native Nevertheless, considering the polyphagous habits of E. fullo, the plant diversity, and the extensive and varied agricultural activity in Brazil, the surveillance of the species is an important step toward its management. The installation of traps in the area and the constant inspection of citizen science initiatives, such as iNaturalist and other online resources, are important tools to contribute to the identification and monitoring of this stink bug, as demonstrated to B. subaenus (Eger et al. 2020), H. halys (Maistrello et al. 2016), and E. fullo (Lupoli et al. 2020). ...
Occurrence of the Yellow-Spotted Stink Bug Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Brazil, a Polyphagous Species from Asia
Article
  • Nov 2021
  • NEOTROP ENTOMOL
In recent years, the management of invasive stink bugs (Pentatomidae) has been a challenge in many regions of the world, including the Neotropical, where four non-native species were detected in the last two decades. Species with invasive potential include the yellow-spotted stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg). It is polyphagous and is known to cause damages to fruit crops in Southeast Asia. Herein, we report for the first time the occurrence of E. fullo in Brazil (Santos, São Paulo). Nymphs and adults have been recorded nearby the Harbor of Santos since November 2020. A fifth instar nymph was collected and reared until adulthood. The insect was found feeding on Inga sp. leaves (Fabaceae), a plant restricted to the Neotropical Region. The detection of multiple specimens in Santos, plus their ability to feed on native and or on cultivated plants, may represent a threat to the Brazilian agribusiness and environment.
View
... In the last few years, several papers have been published demonstrating the potential that citizen science projects and websites have for mapping neglected species of high conservation priority or to enhance our knowledge on species diversity and distribution (Goula et al. 2012;Zapponi et al. 2017). More recently, invasive species of Heteroptera have been identified from such records, demonstrating how citizen science data, available in online databases, have become useful even to applied sciences (Eger et al. 2020;Lupoli et al. 2020;Brugnera et al. 2021;Çerçi et al. 2021;Forero 2021). The availability of data from online resources speeds up the identification of potential invasive species, and detection of these species with the traditional steps of collection, identification and publications processes might otherwise have taken much longer. ...
Synopsis of the remarkable family Phloeidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea): species identification, chromatic polymorphism and updated distribution
Article
  • Jan 2024
The Neotropical family Phloeidae includes three species within two genera, Phloea Lepeletier and Serville, 1825 and Phloeophana Kirkaldy, 1908, distributed in South America. Due to their large size and notable morphological features, such as cryptic colouration, extreme body flattening and lateral expansions around the body, these insects became known as Neotropical bark bugs. These characteristics also make them easily recognisable; nonetheless, the correct identification of the species is still tricky, even more so for the nymphs. In this work, we clarify the identity of the species, present new diagnoses for the family, both genera and all species, and provide an updated identification key to both adults and nymphs of the three species. We also describe and illustrate chromatic variation in Phloea subquadrata Spinola, 1837, and high-resolution photos of the three species and important diagnostic characters are provided. Literature information is synthesised and updated, and an exhaustive synonymic list is provided for the three species, including two nomenclatural corrections: Phloeocoris paradoxus Burmeister, 1835 is removed from synonymy with Phloeophana longirostris (Spinola, 1837) and considered a new junior synonym of Phloea corticata (Drury, 1773); and Phlaea paradoxa Signoret, 1863 is removed from synonymy with Phloea corticata and considered a new junior synonym of Phloeophana longirostris. Lastly, we review the distribution of the species based on collection specimens and citizen science data and, for the first time, present distribution maps for the three species of Phloeidae.
View
... The occurence of Odontoplatys suturalis in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley fits well into the scenario of the increasing arrival of non-indigenous true bugs (as well as other alien species) in Europe during the last three decades (Callot & Matocq 2014, Günther 2004, Kondorosy 2012, Laterza & Dioli 2020, Lupoli et al. 2020, Petrakis & Moulet 2011, Rabitsch 2008, 2010. The most important pathways of alien Heteroptera to and within Europe are the translocation as contaminants, usually with plant material, the unintentional introduction of alien species through natural dispersal from donor regions where they are also alien, and their translocation as stowaways within a transport vector (Rabitsch 2008). ...
View
... The collected specimens, over 500, were gradually studied as species new for that region. New photographic images on naturalistic and social forums were also recently reported by van der Heyden's several papers (Lupoli et al. 2020(Lupoli et al. , 2021van der Heyden 2017avan der Heyden , 2017bvan der Heyden , 2017cvan der Heyden , 2017dvan der Heyden , 2017e, 2017f, 2018avan der Heyden , 2018bvan der Heyden , 2018cvan der Heyden , 2019van der Heyden & Dioli 2019). Also, some ecological notes were presented (Halimi et al. 2010). ...
Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) new in Albania and Kosovo
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2022
This paper discusses five species of the family Miridae, recorded from Albania and Kosovo. Closterotomus trivialis (A. Costa, 1853), Phytocoris (Phytocoris) tiliae tiliae (Fabricius, 1777) and Campyloneura virgula (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) are new in Albania. Closterotomus reuteri (Horváth, 1882) and Excentricus planicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836) are new in Kosovo. Data on distribution and ecology are also provided about the mentioned species.
View
... Belonochilus numenius (Say,1831), commonly referred to as Sycamore Seed Bug is a Nearctic species of the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeidae). It is one of the many alien Heteroptera species recently introduced to Europe (Rabitsch, 2008;Davranoglou, 2011;Petrakis & Moulet, 2011;Baena & Torres, 2012, Lupoli et al., 2020. Since its first record in Spain in 2008, it has spread throughout most of the European countries, except northern ones. ...
First Record of Sycamore Seed Bug Belonochilus numenius (Say, 1831) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in Turkey
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2021
Sycamore Seed Bug Belonochilus numenius (Say, 1831) is recorded from Izmir, for the first time in Turkey. This species is an invasive alien species in Europe and has been spreading there since its first record from France in 2008. In this paper, its current distribution in Europe and biology is summarized. Additionally, its habitus and that of similar species known from Turkey are illustrated.
View
Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): old and new stories of an invasive stink bug
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2023
The Yellow-Spotted Stink Bug Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783) (Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Halyini), native in East and South-East Asia, was recently discovered introduced in both Europe (Albania, 2017) and South America (Brazil: São Paulo, 2020). We report two cases of interception of living specimens in the Czech Republic. The first specimen (Zlín, 2021) was found in a sealed container with shoes imported from China, the second specimen (Prague, 2023) was recieved in a parcel sent from Poland. We also present the interesting story of Erthesina fullo in Japan, where the species was introduced to Dejima Island in Nagasaki (Kyushu) already before 1775; at that time Dejima was the only place in Japan where Dutch and Chinese ships were allowed to trade during the isolationist Edo period (1603–1868). One old name, also proposed based on specimens originating from Japan, Cimex aloes Lichtenstein, 1796, syn. nov., is proposed a junior subjective synonym of E. fullo. The invasion of Erthesina fullo in Japan seems to be the oldest exactly localised invasion in Heteroptera. The taxonomy of Erthesina Spinola, 1837 is discussed, the genus currently includes 9 species. The genus is in urgent need of revision and the resulting problems with identification of its species, including E. fullo, are pointed out. Distribution of all Erthesina species is briefly reviewed.
View
Impact of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in North America and Europe: History, Biology, Ecology, and Management
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2018
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive pentatomid introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile. In 2010, BMSB populations in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels and subsequent feeding severely damaged tree fruit as well as other crops. Significant nuisance issues from adults overwintering inside homes were common. BMSB is a highly polyphagous species with a strong dispersal capacity and high reproductive output, potentially enabling its spread and success in invaded regions. A greater understanding of BMSB biology and ecology and its natural enemies, the identification of the male-produced aggregation pheromone, and the recognition that BMSB disperses into crops from adjacent wooded habitats have led to the development of behavior-based integrated pest management (IPM) tactics. Much is still unknown about BMSB, and continued long-term collaborative studies are necessary to refine crop-specific IPM programs and enhance biological control across invaded landscapes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology Volume 63 is January 7, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
View
Alien True Bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2008
This paper reviews the alien (non-native, non-indigenous, exotic) true bug (Heteroptera) species in Europe. Forty-two established alien Heteroptera are recognized, of which 12 species are alien to Europe (originating outside Europe: eight from North America, three from the Eastern Palaearctic, one from New Zealand), 24 species are alien within Europe (translocated within Europe), and six cryptogenic species are of unknown origin. Since 1990 an approximate arrival rate of 7 species per decade has been observed. A recent trend of increased introductions from North America to Europe is suggested. The most important pathway of alien Heteroptera is translocation as contaminants (49 %), usually with ornamental plants, followed by unintentional introduction through natural dispersal (unaided) across political borders within Europe (28 %), and translocation as stowaways within a transport vector (21 %). The taxonomic composition of the alien Heteroptera of Europe is dominated by Miridae (17 species, 40 %), Tingidae (8 species, 19 %), and Anthocoridae (5 species, 12 %), all of which are overrepresented compared to the native European Heteroptera fauna. More than half of the species are phytophagous (24 species, 57 %) and the advantage of trophic specialization in invasion success is discussed. Most species are currently known to occur in the Czech Republic (19 species) and Germany (17 species), followed by Western European countries (Belgium 15 sp., France and United Kingdom 14 sp. each, and Netherlands 13 sp.), resulting in an apparent (north)west-(south)east gradient probably reflecting horticultural tradition in Europe. No unambiguous evidence exists so far for negative ecological or economical impacts, but more research is needed to investigate possible effects. Introductions of alien Heteroptera to and within Europe will increase, and deserve further consideration.
View
View
A Revision of Hayline Stink Bug Genus Erthesina Spinola (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) and Their Clasdistics
Article
  • Jan 2004
Hayline stink bug genus Erthesina Spinola with its seven known world species is revised with brief distinguishing features and zoogeographical distribution. The characters of each taxon are scanned from the present descriptions and those given in the literature to date, and their apomorphic states are recognized, on the basis of out group comparison within the tribe Haylini at large. A cladogram is also constructed based on the principle of parisimony to throw light on the evolutionary relationships of the included taxa.
View
Faune de France. -90 -. Hémiptères Pentatomoidea euro-méditerranéens
  • Jan 2005
  • V Derjanschi
  • J Péricart
Derjanschi V., Péricart J. 2005. Faune de France. -90 -. Hémiptères Pentatomoidea euro-méditerranéens.
Erthesina Spinola, 1837
  • Jan 2020
  • D A Rider
Rider D.A. 2020. Erthesina Spinola, 1837. Available from: https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rider/Pentatomoide a/Genus_Halyini/Erthesina.htm; accessed: 02.04. 2020.
Damage by Halyomorpha halys (Stål) and Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) to jujube trees and their control
  • Jan 1993
  • 225-228
  • H W Song
  • C M Wang
Song H.W., Wang C.M. 1993. Damage by Halyomorpha halys (Stål) and Erthesina fullo (Thunberg) to jujube trees and their control. Entomological Knowledge 30 (4): 225-228.