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A new damselfly of the genus Forcepsioneura from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Abstract
A new Brazilian Protoneurinae damselfly, Forcepsioneura lopii sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZUP: Brazil, São Paulo State, Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso State Park) is described, and diagnosed based on two males and one female. This small dark yellow-orange Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999, inhabits typical restinga-like formations in southern Brazil. The coloration and short ventrobasal process of the male cercus of Forcepsioneura lopii sp. nov. make it similar to the larger montane species of the orange-black group, i.e., F. grossiorum Machado, 2005, F. itatiaiae (Santos, 1970), F. janeae Pimenta et al., 2019, F. lucia Machado, 2000, and F. serrabonita Pinto & Kompier, 2018. However it occurs in lowlands and the cercus is slender as in the light blue group, i.e., F. gabriela Pimenta et al., 2019, F. garrisoni Lencioni, 1999, F. haerteli Machado, 2001, F. regua Pinto & Kompier, 2018, and F. sancta (Hagen in Selys, 1860). The very acute, spur-like process on the mediobasal process of male cercus is unique. This is only one of several undescribed species recently discovered in Forcepsioneura, and it reaffirms the necessity for additional investigations to understand the richness and diversification of this genus.
... janeae Pimenta, Pinto & Takiya, 2019;F. lopii Pinto &Araujo, 2020 andF. machadorum Vilela, Venâncio &Santos, 2020) increasing the knowledge of the genus and its distribution along the Atlantic rain forest. ...
... Pinto & Kompier (2018) defined the "light blue group" for F. garrisoni, F. haerteli, F. regua and F. sancta, all bluish lowland species, and "orange-black group" including F. grossiorum, F. itatiaiae, F. lucia and F. serrabonita, for montane orange species. Pimenta et al. (2019) added F. gabriela in the "light blue group" and F. janeae in the "orange-black group", but the description of F. lopii (Pinto & Araujo 2020), an orange species from lowland of South São Paulo with cercal morphology much close to the "light blue group" create an impasse to the use of color as name of the groups. ...
A new species of Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 is described from seven males and three females (Holotype ♂ (FAAL NC 4521), Brazil, São Paulo, Monteiro Lobato—SP, 22° 57' 19'' S & 45° 50' 27'' W, 653 m, 28.xi.2010). The new species is compared with F. itatiaiae (Santos, 1970) its closest congener. Diagnostic illustrations are presented. The main differences between Forcepsioneura species are: in females, the posterior lobe of the prothorax and in males the shape of cerci and the posterior lobe of the prothorax. The species is named Forcepsioneura elizabethae sp. nov. in honor of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her platinum jubilee.
... Oertli 2008, Silva et al. 2010. Brazil has the richest assemblage of these insects (Pinto and Kompier 2018) with more than 900 species (Pinto 2020), and it is estimated that there are many species not yet described (Souza et al. 2017). The Odonata richness of the Atlantic Forest has been estimated to represent 50% of all Brazilian species of the order (Pinto and Kompier 2018). ...
... Web of Science) were regularly checked for update the data on the species occurrence. The full reference list with previous records in the literature was included in the Catalog of the Brazilian Taxonomic Fauna (Pinto 2020). ...
This study provides a comprehensive checklist of Odonata species from the protected area of Mananciais da Serra. The survey was conducted in the endangered Atlantic Forest domain at the southern Serra do Mar mountain chain within a well-preserved area in the municipality of Piraquara, state of Paraná, Brazil. Adults and larvae were sampled between June 2017 and March 2020 using different techniques in numerous mesohabitats, including phytotelmata, pools, small streams, and large reservoirs. A total of 1,708 specimens from 9 families, 43 genera and 84 species were sampled resulting in 53 new records for the state of Paraná, almost doubling the known occurrence records for dragonflies and damselflies in that state. Furthermore, two hitherto undescribed females from the genera Planiplax and Heteragrion , four ultimate stadium larvae from Planiplax , Neocordulia , Heteragrion , and Acanthagrion , and five undescribed species were detected, one each from the genera Heteragrion , Progomphus , Brechmorhoga , Erythrodiplax , and Dasythemis . The estimated richness of odonates in this area is greater than 100 species, while the observed richness corresponding to almost 10% of all Odonata species in Brazil, the species-richest country in the world. These results reiterate the need to investigate undersampled areas to improve knowledge on diversity, taxonomy, and distribution of neotropical species. Finally, taxonomic notes for some species, including the rare corduliid Neocordulia mambucabensis Costa & T.C. Santos, 2000, are provided.
... Garrison and von Ellenrieder 2015), sometimes with helpful techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (e.g. Pinto and Araujo 2020). Some descriptions also include DNA sequences and phylogenetic hypotheses (e.g. ...
This research-level text documents the latest advances in odonate biology and relates these to a broader ecological and evolutionary research agenda. Despite being one of the smallest insect orders, dragonflies offer a number of advantages for both laboratory and field studies. In fact, they continue to make a crucial contribution to the advancement of our broader understanding of insect ecology and evolution. This new edition provides a critical summary of the major advances in these fields. Contributions from many of the leading researchers in dragonfly biology offer new perspectives and paradigms as well as additional unpublished data. The editors have carefully assembled a mix of theoretical and applied chapters (including those addressing conservation and monitoring) as well as a balance of emerging (e.g. molecular evolution) and established research topics, providing suggestions for future study in each case. This accessible text is not about dragonflies per se, but rather an essential source of knowledge that describes how different sets of evolutionary and ecological principles/ideas have been tested on a particular taxon. This second edition of Dragonflies and Damselflies is suitable for graduate students and researchers in entomology, evolutionary biology, population and behavioral ecology, community ecology, and conservation biology. It will be of particular interest and use to those working on insects and an indispensable reference text for odonate biologists.
... There are about 900 Odonata species recorded in Brazil (Pinto & De Araujo, 2020), with Minas Gerais State having 324 species (Vilela, 2021). Checklist studies have been conducted in several locations and phytophysiognomies of the state (Table 1), including Poços de Caldas (Santos, 1966); Viçosa and Marliéria, in the Rio Doce State Park (Ferreira-Peruquetti & De Marco-Jr., 2002); Baú Forest, in Barroso (Souza et al., 2013); Serra do Cipó National Park (Almeida et al., 2013); Dragonflies Wildlife Refuge (Bedê et al., 2015); Itorotó Hunting and Fishing Club Ecological Reserve, in Uberlândia (Vilela et al., 2016); Serra do Papagaio State Park (Dos Anjos, 2017); Rio Pandeiros Wildlife Refuge (Souza et al., 2017); Bueno Brandão (Amorim et al., 2018); a stretch of the Uberabinha River in Uberlândia (Barbosa et al., 2018); Fazenda Nova Monte Carmelo, in the municipalities of Araguari, Estrela do Sul, Indianápolis, Nova Ponte, and Romaria (Borges et al., 2019); different localities of the western Cerrado biome ; Ibitipoca State Park (Dos Anjos et al., 2020); Inconfidentes, Ouro Fino, and Tocos do Moji (Silva & Souza, 2020); Cachoeira das Andorinhas Protected Area, in Ouro Preto (De Ávila Junior et al., 2020); Fernão Dias Environmental Protected Area (Stefani-Santos et al., 2021); and several localities on the outskirts of Uberlândia (Venâncio et al., 2021). ...
Only 8% of the approximately 120 conservation units in Minas Gerais State collect information on the order Odonata, which motivated this study. We aimed to survey communities of this insect group in the Environmental Protection Area of the Machado River hydrographic basin, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. For this purpose, 12 areas were sampled by active searching from September 2018 to March 2019. Representatives of 71 Odonata species belonging to 8 families were collected. Seven species were found exclusively in this conservation unit, and two species were newly recorded for the state, namely Erythrodiplax chromoptera (Borror, 1942) and Micrathyria venezuelae De Marmels, 1989. This study surveyed the fifth richest odonatofauna in Minas Gerais State, underscoring the importance of the studied area for conservation of Odonata communities and necessitating actions for decreasing environmental impacts on this biological patrimony.
Phytotelm-breeding Odonata are rare: from the 6,300 known species of these charismatic freshwater organisms, only a small number of about 50 develop in phytotelmata habitats. Mainly members of the damselflies (suborder Zygoptera) are dependent on this special type of environment. The small coenagrionid Roppaneura beckeri Santos (Odonata Coenagrionidae Protoneurinae), a damselfly endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is the only known Odonata breeding in the terrestrial umbellifers of Eryngium floribundum (Cham. et Schltdl.). This is a species-specific association with a hostplant unparalleled in the order. It also is the only species within the subfamily Protoneurinae to occupy phytotelmata habitats. Here, we report on a population of R. beckeri rediscovered after 42 years and recorded for the first time from the southern Atlantic Forest from the state of Paraná. The morphology and the distribution of this species is reviewed and based on these primary data future conservation strategies are discussed. We suggest including R. beckeri as a priority species for dragonfly conservation policies due to its exclusive biological characteristics, evolutionary relevance , and occurrence in urban to peri-urban landscapes.
Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 is a small genus of eight forest-dependent damselfly species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. Some of its species are difficult to identify due to their strong morphological similarities. Thus, the use of DNA sequences for taxonomic purposes is warranted. This study examined the diversity among mitochondrial COI and 16S and nuclear PRMT markers in Forcepsioneura, identified discrete evolutionary units based on morphological and molecular characters, and described two new species using an integrative approach to propose species-level hypotheses. The first molecular phylogeny of Forcepsioneura species, including seven of the 10 valid species, is presented. Forcepsioneura gabriela sp.n. and Forcepsioneura janeae sp.n. are described and illustrated based on males. Forcepsioneura gabriela sp.n. is closely related to F. garrisoni Lencioni, 1999 and F. regua Pinto & Kompier, 2018 and was included in the light blue group, but was recovered with high K2P COI divergence values relative to F. garrisoni. PRMT and ribosomal 16S rDNA sequences were too conservative to distinguish this new species from others of the light blue group. Nevertheless, F. gabriela sp.n. can be distinguished from other Forcepsioneura by its coloration and shape and length of the ventrobasal process of cercus and MP vein. On the other hand, we were unable to get COI sequences for F. janeae sp.n., but morphological diagnostic characters, such as, coloration and shape of the posterior lobe of the prothorax and ventrobasal process of cercus supported its proposal as a new species. A concatenated Bayesian analysis of all markers supported the monophyly of both Forcepsioneura and the light blue group of species. This study affirmed the value of COI sequence variation for species-level studies but did not support the use of PRMT anand 16S for this group of damselflies, as there was very little interspecific variation between some closely related species.
Two new Brazilian Protoneurinae damselflies, Forcepsioneuraregua sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZRJ: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, RPPN Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu) and Forcepsioneuraserrabonita sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZRJ: Brazil, Bahia State, Camacan municipality, RPPNs Serra Bonita) , are described, illustrated and diagnosed based on males and females. The bluish and smaller F.regua sp. nov. has been confused with at least three previously described species, being very similar to the type species of Forcepsioneura , F.garrisoni Lencioni, 1999, but lacking a defined tubercle-like process on the posterolateral margin of the median lobe of the prothorax in both sexes, which allows it to be distinguished from all other known species. The shape of the cercus of the male of F.serrabonita sp. nov. is similar to that of F.grossiorum Machado, 2001 and F.lucia Machado, 2000, two species with very short ventrobasal process. However, it differs from them mainly by the mediobasal process of the cercus, which is rounded in dorsal view and almost not visible in lateral view. The taxonomic status of Forcepsioneura is discussed and a comparison with the other species of the genus is provided. Based on size, habitat and coloration, Forcepsioneura can be informally divided into two groups: (1) large, orange-black and montane species, including F.grossiorum , F.itatiaiae (Santos, 1970), F.lucia and F.serrabonita sp. nov.; (2) small, bluish and lowland species, including F.garrisoni , F.haerteli Machado, 2001, F.regua sp. nov. and F.sancta (Hagen in Selys, 1860). Our findings highlight the urgency in directing collecting efforts to unexplored areas, as well as the importance of private preserves that harbor the type localities as guardians of the threatened and diverse Atlantic Forest diversity. Together these two localities surveyed account for more than 210 species of odonates, representing almost 24% of the number of Brazilian species. Brazil has the greatest number of known species of odonates in the world. This study shows that further research is required in order to fully understand the diversity of Forcepsioneura .
The genus Amazoneura Machado, 2004, regarded by Lencioni (2005) as a junior synonym of Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999, is revalidated based on morphological and zoogeographic evidence.
The genus Amazoneura is erected to contain A. ephippigera (Selys, 1886), A. westfalli (Machado, 2001) and A. juruaensis sp. nov. The new genus is close to Forcepsioneura Lencioni, 1999 but differs from it mainly by the poorly-developed postero-lateral tubercles of the medium prothoracic lobe, by the dark colour of the metepimerum and of the rear of the head. A. juruaensis sp. nov. (holotype male, Acre, Brazil) differs from the other two species of the genus mainly by the structure of the superior anal appendages.
The exoskeleton of the female genitalic region in Phenes raptor is described based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that in this species the pattern of sclerites, articulations, processes, and apodemes is overall the same as in other ovipositor-bearing Odonata, i.e. Zygoptera, the anisozygopteran Epiophlebia, and the anisopteran Aeshnidae. However, many morphological details differ among all these taxa. Fifty-four characters were scored for P. raptor in order to be included in a previously compiled dataset for phylogenetic analysis of ovipositor-bearing Odonata. These characters include only few specific similarities between P. raptor and either Aeshnidae or Epiophlebia. Instead, P. raptor shows a number of features that are unique among ovipositor-bearing Odonata. Absence of serration on the ovipositor in P. raptor and reduction of the interlocking mechanism connecting the two first valves medially is probably correlated with the endosubstratic egg-laying of the female. The ovipositor bears numerous sensilla of different shape, which probably detect suitable places for oviposition.
Abstract A cladistic analysis of Neotropical Protoneuridae was performed on a data matrix of 48 morphological characters and 43 terminal taxa. Representatives of Paleotropical Protoneuridae, Platycnemididae and Isostictidae were included to test their relationships with Neotropical Protoneuridae. Coenagrionidae was chosen as the outgroup, but alternative analyses with Platycnemididae as the outgroup were also performed. Protoneuridae appears as a polyphyletic clade, with its Paleotropical component being more closely related to Platycnemididae and Isostictidae. Neotropical Protoneuridae appear as a monophyletic clade; included genera considered monophyletic or valid monotypic taxa are Epipleoneura Williamson, 1915; Idioneura Selys, 1860; Junix Rácenis, 1968; Neoneura Selys, 1860; Peristicta Hagen in Selys, 1860; Roppaneura Santos, 1966; and Lamproneura De Marmels, 2003. A key to the Neotropical Protoneuridae genera is included.
Insect extraordinary evolutionary success is due to different reasons among which their ability to receive and respond to a great variety of sensory cues thanks to their developed sense organs encompassing a high number of diversified sensilla, mainly located on their antennae. The successful invasion of lotic and lentic freshwaters by terrestrial insect required physiological constraints also regarding sensory systems. This chapter reviews the present knowledge about antennal sensory equipment in adult and aquatic stages of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Trichoptera. These insect orders have aquatic larval stages well adapted to this environment, while they move to the terrestrial habitat as adults. To be able to receive sensory cues in two very different biotopes during the young and the adult stage is a fundamental prerequisite for these insects. The data reported are mainly based on morphological investigations under scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM, TEM), and behavioural and electrophysiological investigations (the latter available only for Odonata and Plecoptera). The chapter considers separately the main sensory capacities located on the antennae in the above-reported aquatic insect orders, in particular mechanoreception, chemoreception, thermo-hygroreception and their modifications from the aquatic to the adult stage.
The dragonflies from the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, municipality of Cananéia, located at the southern limit of the state of São Paulo in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, were surveyed for the first time through a short sampling effort lasting four days in October 2011. A total of 36 species, including four new state records for species of the genera Lestes, Phyllocycla, Navicordulia and ‘Schizocordulia’, and three undescribed species of damselflies belonging to Cyanallagma, Forcepsioneura and Idioneura were identified. Some notes are also given for other species, as well as on the morphology and behavior of the intriguing corduliid Lauromacromia picinguaba (incertae sedis). The results, based on a small sample, indicate that the local dragonfly biota at Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso is rich and impressive, and needs to be investigated and protected.
The genus Phasmoneura is reviewed with the description of Phasmoneura janirae sp. n. (holotype ♂, allotype ♀: Brazil: Mato Grosso, Sinop, X-1976; in MNRJ). Forcepsioneura gen. n. is established for Forcepsioneura garrisoni sp. n. (generotype and holotype ♂: Brazil, Sao Paulo, Iguape, 22-IV - 1995, in coll. Lencioni) and includes three previously described spp., viz. Phasmoneura ephippigera (Selys, 1886), P. ciganae Santos, 1968 and P. itatiaiae Santos, 1970. Keys and illustrations are given for all members of both genera.
The new sp. (holotype ♂: Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 25-VII-2002; deposited in the author's collection in Belo Horizonte) is described, illustrated and compared with its congeners. It differs from all congeners by the unique structure of the posterior prothoracic lobe.
Protoneuridae are represented in the neotropics by 16 genera and 117 species, of which 64 species in 12 genera are known to occur in Brazil. Most of them are known only from the original descriptions or isolated records. During 2009 the Protoneuridae collection of MNRJ was revised; 2800 specimens were studied, belonging to 40 species in nine genera. As a result, the distribution of 25 species is extended, including 50 new records for several states and three new records for the country: Epipleoneura lamina Williamson, Protoneura woytkowskii Gloyd, and Psaironeura remissa (Calvert). The widest distributions are shown by Neoneura sylvatica Hagen in Selys, Epipleoneura venezuelensis Rácenis, and Epipleoneura metallica Rácenis, which are also recorded from the highest number of states: 11 and eight respectively. Additionally, the distribution of most species within previously recorded states is extended.
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