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The Baltic Storm Surge in November 1872
... In the early morning of 14 November 1872, the disastrous effect of the worst coastal floods impacting Denmark in recent time became evident. When waters receded the storm had killed more than 250 people around the Southwestern Baltic Sea; destroyed more than 3000 houses, and made 15,000 people homeless (Dahlberg et al. 2017). The event revealed a lack in society to mitigate large flood events, insufficient technologies to support mitigation, and a lack of coastal resilience in the early days of industrialization. ...
The main aim of Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation is to lower the risk for the population and the society at large. Risk assessments constitute an important part of flood risk management and their quality is crucial to well-informed decision making. This requires an in-depth understanding of the society and its vulnerabilities. Often attention to the flood risk and vulnerability in developed countries is absent due to the assumption that society can cope with disaster; For Denmark, a mixed methods’ research inquiry reveals that this is not always the case. In a critique of current Danish approaches to deal with Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation including coordination and planning, the paper proposes a new pathway for coping with the risks of coastal floods: Global frameworks like the Hyogo and Sendai tailored to suit Danish conditions may serve to mainstream Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation and provide for a holistic, sustainable and more consistent national approach. In addition, such an approach will advance coordination and produce more elaborate guidelines and uniform progress report mechanisms to local and national actors when dealing with flood risks and adaptation.
... Much of the country's 7,300 km coastline is low-lying and despite many accounts of storm surges in the past, coastal flood protection schemes along the North Sea coasts and other coastal stretches mean that no lives have been lost due to sea floods in the past century [6]. However, the November 1872 Baltic Sea surge [17][18][19][20] stands out with its extremely high water levels that drowned 80 persons in Denmark alone. ...
We evaluate the impact and effect of the EU Flood’s Directive (2007/60/EC) in Denmark and the flood risk management plans that are the result of the national implementation. In a qualitative research approach, the flood risk management plans published by 22 Danish municipalities are reviewed and analyzed regarding main objectives and structural and non-structural mitigation measures. From the analyses conclusions are drawn on the non-structural risk management measures still to be improved to obtain the full benefits from the Directive. Conclusions point to the need of introducing better decision support systems, a need to define acceptable risks, and a need to enhance coordi-nation between municipal and cross-sectorial actors as well as an increased effort to involve civil society is necessary. In general, the implementation of the Directive has significantly advanced the national scientific and cross-sectorial working platform for dealing with risks from floods.
The paper evaluates the impact and effect of the EU Flood's Directive (2007/60/EC) in Denmark and the flood risk management plans that are the result of the national implementation in the first plan period (2010-2015). Twenty flood risk management plans have been elaborated and published by the 22 Danish municipalities included in 10 risk areas appointed due to a risk of floods from rivers, the sea, or both. For the municipal work, the national government has provided hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments and maps as well as guidelines to fulfil the legal binding of the Directive. The plans are reviewed and analysed regarding main objectives and structural and non-structural mitigation measures. Conclusions point to the need of introducing better decision support systems, a need to define acceptable risks, and a need to enhance coordination between municipal and cross-sectorial actors as well as an increased effort to involve civil society is necessary. In general, the implementation of the Directive has significantly advanced the national scientific and cross-sectorial working platform for dealing with risks from floods.
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