Content uploaded by Ayça Akça Uçkun
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Ayça Akça Uçkun on Jul 02, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Ayça Akça Uçkun
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Ayça Akça Uçkun on Jul 02, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
ACTA SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X)
Volume 4 Issue 6 June 2020
The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield
and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties
Ayça Akça Uçkun122
1Olive Research Institute, Izmir, Turkey
2Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
Ayça Akça Uçkun, Olive Research Institute, Izmir,
Tu rk ey.
Research Article
Olive; Thinning; NAA; Yield; Quality
Olive is a very important and useful fruit species that is cultivated economically in the Mediterranean regions. Yield and qual-
ity effects of olive oil and olive fruits are increased by many methods, one of them is fruit thinning. Fruit thinning is an application
to control periodicity as well as increasing fruit yield and quality in olive cultivation. In addition to olives, it is currently applied in
apricots, peaches, apples and pears. In recent years, potassium salt of naphthalene acetic acid (K-NAA) started to be used intensively
in thinning of various fruit crops. In this study, the effects of chemical fruit thinning by using naphthalene acetic acid as potassium
salt (K-NAA) on fruit yield and quality of the table olive varieties Domat, Gemlik and Memecik was determined. NAA was applied at
120, 160 and 200 ppm at 12, 16 and 20 days after full bloom, respectively, and at 100, 120 and 150 ppm at 3 - 5 mm fruit length. It
was determined that 160 ppm at post-bloom and 120 ppm at fruitlet stage gave the highest increase in yield. The highest yield was
yield per unit trunk sectional area, fruit width (mm), and fruit length (mm), 160 ppm at post-bloom and 120 ppm at fruitlet stage gave
the best results. This research is very important as it is a method to reduce alternate bearing and to increase yield and quality in olive.
May 04, 2020
May 31, 2020
© All rights are reserved by Ayça Akça
Uçkun., et al.
In Turkey, olive cultivation is increasing day by day with mod-
ern technic. Olive cultivation of Turkey reached about 846.061
[1]. According to the International
Olive and Olive Oil Council, it is predicted that olive production
is 1 million 515 thousand tons and olive oil production is 225
thousand tons in 2019 [2]. In Turkey, common olive varieties are
the Aegean region [3]
is conducted is a region that has a high olive cultivation potential
climate where is range of min 3°C, max 34.3°C in the temperature
orchards is intensively irrigated and fertilized in this region. Olive
intends to alternate bearing by genetical, environmental factors
(such as temperature or water and nutrient availability). Alternate
bearing affects vegetative growth and the performance of repro-
ductive processes (induction, evocation, differentiation, bloom,
fruit set, and fruit growth and ripening), endogenous determinants
such as the balances of carbohydrate, mineral nutrients, and hor-
mones [4,5].
Chemical thinning is the most useful practice to control the fruit
yield and quality and alleviate the alternate bearing in olive tree
both on and off years [6-9]. This phenomenon gives rise to an eco-
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
this causes severe labour, marketing and also economic problems
can affect the entire sector [7,8]. Chemical thinning such as NAA
(naphthaleneacetic acid) application, increases the fruit size and
cultivars. In addition to chemical thinning affects positively the
[10]. Chemical thinning
is the most useful practice to control the fruit yield and quality and
alleviate the alternate bearing in olive tree both on and off years
[6-9]
fruit production in olive tree. For example, this causes severe la-
bour, marketing and also economic problems can affect the entire
sector [7,8]. Chemical thinning such as NAA (naphthaleneacetic
-
pecially olive table cultivars and also oil olive cultivars. In addition
-
tion and full bloom [10].
“Gemlik, Memecik and Domat” varieties are the most important
table varieties in Turkey. Therefore these 3 olive varieties were
used as plant material in this study. Research were conducted on a
total of 63 trees (including control plots) in order to reveal the ef-
fects of different NAA application on fruit yield and quality in Gem-
took place same orchard which were 10 years old and planted at 6
x 6 meters. Selected trees were applied to appropriate agricultural
practices such as fertilization, irrigation, pruning and pest-diseases
control. Trees subjected chemical thinning were grown in experi-
-
ducted in two consecutive years (off-year 2015 and on-year 2016).
Two methods were used to accurately time NAA applications. In
May 2015, 12, 16, 20 days later after full bloom (AFB) (Full bloom
in 2015: 16 May; in 2016: 26 April), thinning applications were
done as dilute sprays of NAA (1-Naphtalene Acetic Acid, Potassium
Salt, Amvac, USA) as 120 ppm, 160 ppm, 200 ppm respectively (10
tree appears to be white, with shoots containing 80 to 90 percent
as full bloom [6,8]. In second year (on-year), full bloom was opened
20 days earlier following the phenology of olive trees (Table 1).
NAA
NAA
120 ppm 01.06.2015 100 ppm 01.07.2015
160 ppm 05.06.2015 120 ppm 01.07.2015
200 ppm 10.06.2015 150 ppm 01.07.2015
Phenology periods and doses of NAA application in
Gemlik, Domat and Memecik varieties (off- year).
*16 May 2015 full blossom began.
Another NAA application was sprayed as respectively 100 ppm,
120 ppm, 150 ppm at same time in which average fruit size is be-
tween 3 to 5 mm in diameter (in 2015: 1 July; in 2016: 26 June).
In second year (on year), NAA application was sprayed in average
fruit size at 5 days earlier following the phenology of olive trees
(Table 2).
NAA
NAA
120 ppm 08.05.2016 100 ppm 26.06.2016
160 ppm 12.05.2016 120 ppm 26.06.2016
200 ppm 16.05.2016 150 ppm 26.06.2016
Phenology periods and doses of NAA application
in Gemlik, Domat and Memecik varieties (on- year).
*26 April 2016 full blossom began.
The fruit harvested in November, each treatment in accordance
with the appropriate average maturity level (3 - 4), determined
according to the international standard index for olive ripeness
experiments, on the basis of fruit maturity index, Domat and Mem-
ecik trees were harvested on 17 November, Gemlik was harvested
on 21 November in 2015 (none-year). Domat and Memecik were
harvested on 9 November, Gemlik was harvested on 18 November
in 2016 (on-year).
46
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
Determination of effects of NAA treatments on fruit yield and
section area, fruit width (mm), and length (mm) were determined
(Hermoso., et al. 1991).
The design of the experiments was completely randomized
block design with tree factors (variety*doses*year) of a tree. Data
-
cance level of 0.05 and all calculations were performed using by
SPSS software.
-
higher 160 ppm among olive varieties in post-bloom (Table 3). In
post-bloom, Domat variety was 7.28 kg in control while Domat va-
riety was highest (9.27) with 160 ppm in none year (2015). How-
ever, Domat variety was 10.28 kg in control while Domat variety
was highest (12.45 kg) with 160 ppm in on year (2016). In post-
bloom, Gemlik and Memecik varieties were respectively 9.05 kg
and 8.86 kg in control (untreated), but highest yield (kg) were ob-
tained respectively with 160 ppm (12.30 kg and 12.25 kg) in none
year (2015).
2016 2016 2016
Control 7.28 cd 10.28 c 9.05 d 9.80 d 8.86 d 10.05 c
120 ppm 8.23 b 11.34 b 10.42 c 10.35 c 10.76 b 11.78 b
160 ppm 9.27 a 12.45 a 12.30 a 12.27 a 12.25 a 12.49 a
200 ppm 7.76 c 12.30 ab 11.53 b 11.48 b 9.06 c 10.14 c
Mean 8.14 b 11.59 ab 10.83 c 10.95 c 10,23 b 11.12 b
Kontrol 7.64 c 10.34 d 9.05 c 9.11 d 9.11 d 10.11 c
100 ppm 8.41 b 11.42 c 10.51 b 10.41 c 10.41 c 11.81 b
120 ppm 8.80 a 12.51 a 11.11 a 12.33 a 12.33 a 12.53 a
150 ppm 8.10 b 12.32 b 9.31 c 11.52 b 11.52 b 10.23 c
Mean 8.24 b 11.65 c 10.00 b 10.84 c 10.84 c 11.17 b
In second season (on year -2016), yield (kg) of Domat, Memecik
and Gemlik olive varieties were highest (respectively 10.28 kg, 9.80
kg, 10.05 kg) in 160 ppm than yield of olive varieties in 2015 (none
highest in all olive varieties in post-bloom (Table 3). In small fruit
period, Domat variety was 7.64 kg in control while Domat variety
was highest (8.80 kg) with 120 ppm in none year (2015). However,
Domat variety was 10.34 kg in control (untreated) while Domat
variety was highest (12.51 kg) with 120 ppm in on year (2016).
Also, Gemlik and Memecik varieties were respectively 9.05 kg and
9.11 kg in control, but highest yield (kg) were obtained respec-
tively with 120 ppm (11.11 kg and 12.33 kg) in none year (2015).
In on year (2016), Yield (kg) of Domat, Memecik and Gemlik olive
varieties were highest (respectively 12.51 kg, 12.33 kg, 12.53 kg)
in 120 ppm than yield of olive varieties in 2015 (none year). Also,
olive varieties in small fruit period (Table 3).
The effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat,
Memecik, Gemlik olive varieties were found to be statistically sig-
-
est fruit weight (g) was obtained with 160 ppm doses in after full
bloom period (Table 4). The effect of different application doses
ppm during the small fruit period (p < 0.005). In 2015 (none year),
Domat variety increased (8.12g) compared to the control (8.01 kg)
47
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
in 160 ppm NAA dose, Gemlik and Memecik varieties were found
3.53g and 11.03g in control (untreated) while Gemlik and Memecik
varieties increased respectively 3.24g and 11.23g in 160 ppm NAA
doses in 16 days after full bloom (Table 4). According to the results
of the statistical analysis in 2016 (on year), it was determined that
the application dose of 160 ppm NAA of Domat variety increased
(8.41g) compared to the control (8.04g). Gemlik and Memecik va-
rieties were found 4.54g and 10.97g in control while fruit weight
(g) of Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively 4.95g
and 11.98g in 160 ppm NAA doses in after full bloom (Table 4). The
effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat, Memecik,
small fruit period. In 2015 (none year), Fruit weight (g) of Domat
variety increased (7.43g) compared to the control (7.23 kg) in 120
ppm NAA dose, Gemlik and Memecik varieties were found 3.54g
and 10.96g in control (untreated) while fruit weight (g) of Gemlik
and Memecik varieties increased respectively 3.87g and 11.12g in
120 ppm NAA doses in small fruit period (Table 4).
According to the results of the statistical analysis in 2016 (on
year), it was determined that the application dose of 120 ppm
NAA of Domat variety increased (8.13g) compared to the con-
trol (8.19g). Gemlik and Memecik varieties were found 4.56g and
11.06g in control while Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased
respectively 4.97 g and 11.45 g in 120 ppm NAA doses in small fruit
period (Table 4).
2016 2016 2016
Control 8.01 c 8.04 c 3.53 c 4.54 c 11.03 c 10.97 c
120 ppm 8.03 c 8.20 b 3.77 b 4.87 b 11.02 c 11.74 b
160 ppm 8.12 a 8.41 a 3.84 a 4.95 a 11.23 a 11.98 a
200 ppm 8.08 b 8.23 b 3.80 b 4.82 b 11.07 b 11.79 b
Mean 8.06 a 8.22 b 3.74 b 4.80 b 11.09 b 11.62 b
Control 7.23 c 8.13 c 3.54 c 4.56 c 10.96 c 11.06 c
100 ppm 7.27 c 8.15 b 3.74 b 4.88 b 10.98 c 11.08 c
120 ppm 7.43 a 8.19 a 3.87 a 4.97 a 11.12 a 11.45 a
150 ppm 7.32 b 8.14 b 3.75 b 4.86 b 11.08 b 11.23 b
Mean 7.31 b 8.15 b 3.73 b 4.82 b 11.04 b 11.21 b
The effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat,
Memecik, Gemlik olive varieties were found to be statistically sig-
trunk section area (g), the highest yield per unit trunk section
(g) was obtained with 160 ppm doses in 16 days after full bloom
period (Table 5). The effect of different application doses on yield
in 120 ppm during the small fruit period (p < 0.005). In 2015
(none year), Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased re-
spectively 251g, 300g, 350g compared to the control (untreated)
206g, 265g, 259g in 160 ppm NAA dose in after full bloom (Table
5). According to the results of the statistical analysis in 2016 (on
year), it was determined that the application dose of 160 ppm
NAA of Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respec-
tively 343g, 330g, 354g compared to the control (291g, 264g,
294g) in 16 days after full bloom period (Table 5). The effect of
NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat, Memecik, Gemlik
fruit period. In 2015 (none year), yield per unit trunk section
area (g) of Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties respectively in-
creased (265g, 273g, 291g) compared to the control (240g, 264g,
255g) in 120 ppm NAA dose in small fruit period (Table 5). Ac-
cording to the results of the statistical analysis in 2016 (on year),
it was determined that 120 ppm NAA doses of Domat, Gemlik
and Memecik varieties respectively increased (344g, 318g, 355g)
compared to the control (291g, 285g, 295g) in 120 ppm NAA
doses in small fruit period (Table 5).
48
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
The effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat,
Memecik, Gemlik olive varieties were found to be statistically sig-
ppm doses in 16 days after full bloom period (Table 6).
In 2015 (off- year), Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties in-
creased respectively 2.07g, 1.77g, 2.20 g compared to the control
1,95g, 1,72g, 2.04g on fruit width (cm) in 160 ppm NAA dose in
after full bloom (Table 6). Also, Domat, Gemlik and Memecik va-
rieties increased respectively 2.94g, 2.26g, 3.32g compared to the
control (untreated) 2.74g, 2.09g, 3.12g on fruit length (cm) in 160
ppm NAA dose in 16 days after full bloom (Table 6). In addition
to Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively
2016 2016 2016
Control 206 c 291 c 265 d 264 d 259 d 294 b
120 ppm 240 b 331 b 294 c 296 b 324 b 355 a
160 ppm 251 a 343 a 330 a 330 a 350 a 354 a
200 ppm 210 c 331 b 322 b 317 c 265 c 297 b
Mean 227 b 324 b 303 c 302 b 300 b 325 b
Control 240 b 291 c 264 c 285 c 255 c 295 c
100 ppm 244 b 332 b 272 b 296 c 274 b 312 b
120 ppm 265 a 344 a 298 a 331 a 291 a 355 a
150 ppm 242 b 331 b 273 b 318 b 270 b 318 b
Mean 248 b 325 b 277 b 308 b 273 b 320 b
The effect of different olive varieties, NAA doses and years (on-off)
on yield per unit trunk section area (g) in different phenology period.
4.78 g, 3.87 g, 4.46 g compared to the control 4.45g, 3.12g, 4.05g
on fruit length (cm) in 160 ppm NAA dose in post-bloom (Table 6).
The effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat, Mem-
in post-bloom period (Table 6). In terms of fruit width (cm), fruit
doses in post-bloom (Table 6). In 2016 (on year), Domat, Gemlik
and Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.15g, 1.76g, 2.23g
compared to the control 1,97g, 1,68g, 2.06g on fruit width (cm) in
160 ppm NAA dose in post- bloom (Table 6). Domat, Gemlik and
Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.74g, 2.11g, 2.93g com-
pared to the control 2.05g, 2.01g, 2.65g on fruit length (cm) in 160
ppm NAA dose in 16 days after full bloom (Table 6). In addition
to Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively
4.46g, 3.81g, 4.43g compared to the control 4.22g, 3.01g, 4.08g
bloom (Table 6).
49
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
2016
Domat
Control 1.95 d 2.74 d 4.45 d 1.97 d 2.05 d 4.22 c
120 ppm 2.04 b 2.90 b 4.69 b 2.13 b 2.80 b 4.35 b
160 ppm 2.07 a 2.94 a 4.78 a 2.15 a 2.74 a 4.46 a
200 ppm 2.01 c 2.80 c 4.51 c 2.10 c 2.70 c 4.30 b
Mean 2.02 c 2.85 c 4.61 b 2.09 c 2.57 c 4.33 b
Gemlik
Control 1.72 b 2.09 c 3.12 d 1.68 d 2.01 d 3.01 d
120 ppm 1.76 ab 2.16 b 3.69 b 1.74ab 2.05 c 3.74 b
160 ppm 1.77 a 2.26 a 3.87 a 1.76 a 2.11 a 3.81 a
200 ppm 1.73 b 2.13 b 3.39 c 1.80 c 2.08 b 3.55 c
Mean 1.75 ab 2.16 b 3.52 b 1.76ab 2.06 b 3.53 c
Memecik
Control 2.04 c 3.12 c 4.05 d 2.06 d 2.65 d 4.08 d
120 ppm 2.16 b 3.24 b 4.22 c 2.19 b 2.82 b 4.21 c
160 ppm 2.20 a 3.32 a 4.46 a 2.23 a 2.93 a 4.43 a
200 ppm 2.13 b 3.26 b 4.36 b 2.12 c 2.74 c 4.32 b
Mean 2.13 b 3.24 b 4.27 c 2.15 c 2.79 c 4.26 b
The effect of NAA application doses (p < 0.005) and Domat,
Memecik, Gemlik olive varieties were found to be statistically sig-
doses in small fruit period (Table 7). In 2015 (none year), Domat,
Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.21g, 1.67g,
2.24g compared to the control 2.11g, 1.54g, 2.12g on fruit width
(cm) in 120 ppm NAA dose in small fruit period (Table 7). Also,
Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.84g,
2.14g, 3.19g compared to the control (untreated) 2.75g, 2.03g,
3.11g on fruit length (cm) in 120 ppm NAA dose in small fruit pe-
riod (Table 7). In addition to Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties
increased respectively 4.47g, 3.37g, 4.46g compared to the control
small fruit period (Table 7). According to 2016 (on year), Domat,
Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.15g, 1.84g,
2.18g compared to the control (2.10g, 1,71g, 2.12g) on fruit width
(cm) in 120 ppm NAA dose in small fruit period (Table 7). Domat,
Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased respectively 2.93 g, 2.15
g, 2.92 g compared to the control (2.74g, 2.11g, 2.79g) on fruit
length (cm) in 120 ppm NAA dose in small fruit period (Table 7).
In addition to Domat, Gemlik and Memecik varieties increased re-
spectively 2.21g, 1.64g, 2.24g compared to the control 2.11g, 1.54g,
period (Table 7).
-
entiation and bloom [10]. In result of present study is in parallel
with Crous [11][12], Martin., et al. [13], Çigdem
[14]
and reduce to alternate bearing. El Kassas [15] found that spray-
50
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
2016
Domat
Control 2.11 c 2.75 b 4.31 c 2.10 d 2.74 c 2.11 c
100 ppm 2.16 b 2.77 b 4.36 b 2.12 c 2.82 b 2.16 b
120 ppm 2.21 a 2.84 a 4.47 a 2.15 a 2.93 a 2.21 a
150 ppm 2.15 b 2.76 b 4.35 b 2.14 b 2.76 c 2.15 b
Mean 2.16 b 2.78 4.37 b 2.13 b 2.81 b 2.16 b
Gemlik
Control 1.54 c 2.03 c 3.14 c 1.71 b 2.11 c 1.54 c
100 ppm 1.62 b 2.13 ab 3.28 b 1.75 b 2.14 ab 1.64 b
120 ppm 1.67 a 2.14 a 3.37 a 1.84 a 2.15 a 1.67 a
150 ppm 1.63 b 2.11 b 3.27 b 1.67 c 2.13 b 1.63 b
Mean 1.62 b 2.10 b 3.27 b 1.74 b 2.13 b 1.62 b
Memecik
Control 2.12 d 3.11 a 4.17 c 2.12 c 2.79 c 2.12 c
100 ppm 2.14 c 3.14 b 4.38 b 2.17 b 2.81 b 2.14 c
120 ppm 2.24 a 3.19 a 4.46 a 2.18 a 2.92 a 2.24 a
150 ppm 2.22 b 3.14 b 4.39 b 2.14 b 2.81 b 2.22 b
Mean 2.18 c 3.15 b 4.35 b 2.15 b 2.83 b 2.18 b
ing GA3 at 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, sprayed on Chemlali ol-
ive cv., 15 days after full bloom, increase oil content compared to
control (untreated). According to result of present study, different
weight (g), yield per unit section area (g).
In present study on Domat, Gemlik and Memecik olive table
weight (g), yield per unit section area (g) in 16 days after full
bloom period. According to result of analyze, 160 ppm NAA was
dose of NAA was found suitable 10 - 15 days after full bloom in
'Mission' and 'Manzanillo' varieties while it has been observed
variety and reduces olive fruit formation [11]. In a research re-
lated to Gemlik olive trees, according to results of 180 ppm NAA
dose treated gave the highest yield in both (on-off) years. Also, 180
ppm NAA dose obtained with two fold enhance in yield (kg) com-
pared to control (untreated) in off year while 180 ppm NAA dose
control (untreated) in on year [14]. In another research about NAA
application, according to results, some olive varieties which have
intermediate and high tendency to alternate bearing, increase in
applications [8,16]. Barouni, Mission and Manzanillo olive variet-
ies increased by using 400 ppm NAA dose in the rate of fruits [11].
In a research about fruit thinning using NAA shows potential for
reducing biennial bearing of “Barnea” and ‘Picual’ oil olive trees.
bloom) diminished to alternate bearing in two oil olive varieties
and also showed the possibility of using NAA post-bloom spraying
to balance biennial bearing in Barnea and Picual oil olive trees [17].
51
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
In present study on Domat, Gemlik and Memecik olive table
weight (g), yield per unit section area (g) in small fruit period. Ac-
cording to result of analyze, 120 ppm NAA was highest effect on
(kg) both none and on years in small fruit period. Chemical thin-
ning such as NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) application, increases
and also oil olive cultivars. In addition to chemical thinning affects
-
sequently, this study is parallel as other studies [18].
The following conclusions can be drawn from the study:
• Post bloom and small fruit period is commercially increased
fruit weight and reduced to alternate bearing in table olive
varieties.
• Provide to balance for biennial bearing.
• Using NAA are effective for increasing olive quality especially
for table olive varieties.
• The different phenological periods are important to sprayed
NAA doses.
• It is applicable to spray 160 ppm NAA dose at 16 days later
after full bloom or spray 120 ppm NAA dose in 3 to 5 mm
small fruit on table olive varieties such as Gemlik, Domat and
Memecik olive varieties.
1. Faostat. “Food and Agriculture Organization of The United
Nations”. Statics Division (2018).
2.
3. Şengür Ş., et al
Şubat
(2011): 126-132.
4. Monselise SP and Goldschmidt EE. “Alternate bearing in fruit
trees”. Horticultural Reviews 4 (1982): 128-173.
5. Troncoso A., et al. “Evaluation of the present information on
and differentiation”. Acta Horticulturae (2010).
6. Krueger WH., et al. “Olive fruit thinning”. In: GS Sibbett and
of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication,
Oakland, California, USA (2005): 101-104.
7. Olea europaea) ”. Annales:
Series Historia Naturalis 17 (2007): 101-112.
8. Dag A., et al. “Fruit thinning using NAA shows potential for re-
ducing biennial bearing of ‘Barnea’ and ‘Picual’ oil olive trees”.
Crop and Pasture Science 60 (2009): 1124-1130.
9. Jackson D., et al. “Temperate and Subtropical Fruit Produc-
tion”. 3rd edition, CABI (2011): 327.
10. Therios IN. Olives, No. 18, CABI (2009): 409.
11. Crous JJ. “Managing olive yield and fruit quality under South
African conditions”. Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch Uni-
versity, Stellenbosch (2012): 1-111.
12.
growth regulators” 9 (1958): 129-138.
13. Martin GC., et al. “A new approach to thinning olives”. Califor-
nia Agriculture 34 (1980): 7-8.
14. Çiğdem Z. “Gemlik zeytin çeşidinde kimyasal seyreltmenin
Öğrenci
15. El Kassas SE. “Response of Chemlali olive to certain growth
regulators”. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13.6 (1982):
263-271.
16. Barone E., et al. “Improvement in yield and fruit size and qual-
ity of the main Italian table olive cultivar ‘Nocellara del Belice”.
Scientia Agricola 71.1 (2014): 52-57.
52
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
17. Arnon D and Riov J. “Fruit thinning using NAA shows potential
for reducing biennial bearing of ‘Barnea’ and ‘Picual’ oil olive
trees”. Article in Crop and Pasture Science (2009).
18. Goldschmidt EE. “Regulatory aspects of alternate bearing in
fruit trees”. Italus Hortus 12 (2005): 11-17.
• Prompt Acknowledgement after receiving the article
• Thorough Double blinded peer review
• Rapid Publication
•
• High visibility of your Published work
+91 9182824667
53
Ayça Akça Uçkun., et al.“The Effects of Chemical Thinning Applications on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Different Olive Varieties". Acta
Scientific Agriculture 4.6 (2020): 45-53.
