Recent studies of ancient Native American mtDNA and autosomal DNA have provided new data relevant to an old problem—the origins of the Algonquians. Here I review the linguistic and archaeological evidence for Algonquian origins, migrations, and relationships. Based mainly on a detailed comparative analysis of ancient mtDNA genomes from Newfoundland, I re-examine this evidence as it relates to the recent recognition of a basic, early divergence of distinct northern and southern Native American genetic clades.