Quality of eggs from fermented dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) flour fed Isa Brown

Abstract

The objective of this study was to study the quality of eggs coming from Isa Brown chickens nourished with fermented dragon fruit peel ( Hylozereus polyrhizus ) dietary for 4 weeks. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments for 5 replications in which each consisted of 10 chickens; so that the total number of chickens was 150 heads aged 85 weeks. The given treatments were R0: feed without fermented dragon fruit peel flour +1% Calcium. Calcium in their diet. Variable observed: egg production, egg weight, exterior and interior eggshell weight, egg thickness, HU. The results showed that treatment of R0, R1, and R2 are not significantly different (P>0.05) for yolk colors, pH, Index but % egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness R1 and R2 is significantly different (P>0.05) than R0. Conclude this research that quality of egg Isa Brown gave ration fermentation four skin dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) 5% (R1) and with fermentation dragon fruit peel flour + 1% Calcium (R2) increase the egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness.

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Quality of eggs from fermented dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) flour
fed Isa Brown
To cite this article: Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina Dewi et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 823 012013
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International Seminar on Chemical Engineering Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (2020) 012013
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012013
1
Quality of eggs from fermented dragon fruit (Hylocereus
polyrhizus) flour fed Isa Brown
Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina Dewi1, Made Wirapartha1, I K. A. Wiyana1, and N.P.
M. Suartiningsih1
1Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
E-mail: kristinadewi@unud.ac.id
Abstract. The objective of this study was to study the quality of eggs coming from Isa Brown
chickens nourished with fermented dragon fruit peel (Hylozereus polyrhizus) dietary for 4
weeks. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3
treatments for 5 replications in which each consisted of 10 chickens; so that the total number of
chickens was 150 heads aged 85 weeks. The given treatments were R0: feed without fermented
dragon fruit peel flour in their diet, R1: feed with 5% fermented dragon fruit peel flour in their
diet, and R2: feed with fermented dragon fruit peel flour + 1% Calcium in their diet. Variable
observed: egg production, egg weight, exterior and interior eggshell weight, egg thickness, HU.
The results showed that treatment of R0, R1, and R2 are not significantly different (P>0.05) for
yolk colors, pH, Index but % egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness R1 and R2 is
significantly different (P>0.05) than R0. Conclude this research that quality of egg Isa Brown
gave ration fermentation four skin dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 5% (R1) and with
fermentation dragon fruit peel flour + 1% Calcium (R2) increase the egg production, egg
weight, HU, egg thickness.
1. Introduction
Isa Brown chicken is one of meat and egg-producing poultries that is increasingly reared by Balinese
community. Balance diet containing either macro and micronutrients is one factor that influences and
has important role in laying period. Many factors interact affecting to optimal production of However,
the maintenance of Issa Brown chickens faced with a variety of problems such as the increasing feed
prices are enough sharply because the feed is a primary need at the cost of approximately 60-70%. The
high price of feed indirectly requires that farmers are looking for alternative feed ingredients so it can
lower the feed costs and maximize revenues.
According to Dewi et al. [1] and Ahmad [2], Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast can increase fibrous
fiber digestibility and can act as a probiotic in poultry. Another benefit of fermentation products is to
suppress the enzyme activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCo-A reductase that serves to synthesize
cholesterol in the liver [3] and can decrease the amount of broiler fat [4]. Application of feed
technology is absolute must be applied in the optimization of waste utilization. Application of
supplementation technology utilizing superior Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin of yeast is very
potential developed.

International Seminar on Chemical Engineering Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (2020) 012013
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012013
2
According to Mustika et al. [5], dragon fruit peel is an agricultural waste that has not been widely
used by the community, especially in Indonesia. According Citramukti [6] part of dragon fruit, 30-
35% is peel and still rarely or even not been fully utilized, although some studies have reported peel
dragon fruit contains high antioxidant and contents phenolics in the dragon fruit peel amounted 28.16
mg/100 g, in addition to having antioxidant also contain anthocyanins [7].
Research on dragon fruit peel for livestock feed is still rarely done according to Mustika et al. [5]
dragon fruit peel can be given up to the level of 1% and Rosa et al. [8] can be given up to the level of
4%, without have negative effects on the body of livestock. Dewi et al. [1] used 5, 7% dragon fruit
peel fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase performance broiler chickens at 5 weeks
and Dewi et al. 9] gave significantly to increased productivity Lohman brown 23 aged. But shell
quality a little bit thinner than commercial ration. While for From the description above, the researcher
using dragon fruit peel meal without and fermented plush calcium as a feed ingredient in diets for egg
quality for Issa Brown.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal, ration and feeding treatment
This research conducted over weeks, located in Teaching Farm, Bukit Campus Faculty of Animal
Science, Udayana University. A total of 85 weeks with average body 1710 ± 15 g were kept in
individual cages of 30 x 30 x 35 cm.
2.2. Diets
Diets used in this research were independently prepared by recommendation Scott et al. [10] which
consists of yellow corn, fish meal, soybean meal, rice bran, dragon fruit peel meal, dragon fruit peel
meal fermented, coconut oil, premix and CaCO3. Diets given is iso energy (2900 Kcal/kg) and iso
protein (20%), and commercial ration.
2.3. Instrument
Instruments used in this research were a diet and drinking water, torch lighting cage, machine grinding
feed, knife, bowl, spoons stirrer, scissors, paper labels, markers, plastic bags, oven, stove, pans, trays,
thermometer, wood, bamboo, wire, sprayer and digital scales.
2.4. Research methods
In this research, there are two stages making process meal dragon fruit peel, first making of dragon
fruit peel meal is fresh dragon fruit peel chopped small, then dried and ground up into flour. Second
process namely the making of dragon fruit peel meal fermented with Saccharomyces Sp. In the process
of fermentation, the solution is ready for use. Fermentation process dragon fruit peel chopped small,
be dried, inserted in a plastic, then moistened with solution fermentation, closed tightly (3-5 days),
after it is dried, ground into flour and ready for use.
2.5. Research design
The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments, 5 replications in
which each replication consisted of 10 chickens so that the total chicken used was 150 heads 85 weak
aged. The treatments given were R0: ration without fermentation dragon fruit peel flour, R1: ration
with 5% fermentation dragon fruit peel flour, and R2: ration with fermentation dragon fruit peel flour
+ 1% Calcium.
2.6. Observed variables
Variables observed are egg production, egg weight, exterior and interior eggshell weight, egg
thickness, HU.

International Seminar on Chemical Engineering Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (2020) 012013
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012013
3
3. Result and Discussion
The results showed that treatment of R0, R1, and R2 are not significantly different (P>0.05) for yolk
colors, pH, Index but % egg production, egg weight, HU, egg thickness R1 and R2 is significantly
different (P>0.05) than R0.
According to McDonald et al. [11], energy and protein ration can be used the productivity.
According to Weiss and Hogan [12], the material having the antioxidant content of livestock can
reduce the effects of free radicals such as increasing feed consumption. According to Mustika et al.
[5], it is because free radicals can cause oxidative stress in livestock resulting in lower feed
consumption. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between the amount of free radicals and
antioxidants in the body that can trigger the occurrence of cell damage and lowered immune system
[7].
Table 1. The effect of treatment for egg quality of Isa Brown
Variable
Treatment 1)
R0
R1
R2
SEM3)
Egg Production (%)
68,00b
70,00a
71 ,00
a
3,6
Egg Weight (g)
60
b
62
a
63
a
0,9
Egg Index
81
a
82
a
81
a
0,60
Egg shell weight (g)
6,1
a
6,3
a
6,4
a
0,102
Egg shell thickness (mm)
0,379
b
0,389a
0,399a
0.06
Egg yolk colour
8,7
a
8,9a
9
a
0.02
HU
93
a
96
a
98
a
1.2
Note: 1) R0: ration without fermentation dragon fruit peel flour, R1: ration with 5% fermentation dragon fruit peel
flour, and R2: ration with fermentation dragon fruit peel flour + 1% Calcium 2) Means with different Superskrip
in the same row differ significantly (P<0.05), 3) Standard Error of Mean
One of the candidates is dragon fruit peel which is not generally utilized. The dragon fruit peel is
potential as a natural colorant [13] an antibacterial against nine bacteria of food pathogen [14] and
natural antioxidant [15]. The average egg production for 85 weeks is shown in Table 1. Diet without
flour peel dragon fruit produced significantly lower (P<0,05) egg production (HD) as compared to
both treatments R1 and R2. This is presumably due to the same nutrients supply, such as protein,
energy, and fat, derived from a similar amount of feed consumption. The amount of energy, protein,
and fat consumptions can affect egg production. Energy and nutrient needs for the formation of eggs
are obtained from daily feed intake [16]. High egg production is usually positively correlated with
increasing egg mass because egg mass is the result of egg production multiplied by egg weight [17]
and further [18] explained that the egg mass is influenced by egg weight and egg production.
The results of studies on eggshells weight showed non-significant different (P>0,05) between R0,
R1, and R2. But in eggshell thickness showed a significant difference (P<0,05) and treatment R2 diet
resulted in higher (P<0,05) eggshell thickness compared to R1 and R0. This is due to the reduced
eggshell thickness and eggshell weight with the increased egg size. The average of eggshell thickness
was 0,36 – 0,389 Mm. The eggshell thickness had the same relative value because the treatment diets
have relatively similar Ca dan P contents. The quality of eggshell thickness can be influenced by many
factors including mineral, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are the major inorganic constituents of
the eggshell [19]. According to Kebreab et al. [20] the higher calcium intake can improve the quality
of the eggshell. According to Mine and D’Siva [21], standard yolk composition of bird’s egg ranging
from 32% -35%, egg whites 52%- 58% and eggshell 9% -14%
The results showed that the Haugh unit ranged between 93-98, with the R2 treatment showing
higher results than the other treatments. Haugh unit value was not different because each egg was
stored in the same place and time. Factors affecting the value of Haugh units were time and place of

International Seminar on Chemical Engineering Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (2020) 012013
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012013
4
egg storage, age, the strain of livestock, nutrients, disease, and supplementation (Vit C or E) [22].
Further results by Omara [23] reported that the dietary combination of protein, methionine and choline
did not significantly affect the Haugh unit.
4. Conclusion
This research has justified that the addition of fermented dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel
flour in their diet has successfully increased the egg production (egg weight, hu, and thickness) of the
Isa Brown chickens.
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International Seminar on Chemical Engineering Soehadi Reksowardojo (STKSR) 2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (2020) 012013
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012013
5
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