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k constant and energy
Bahram Kalhor
1
, Farzaneh Mehrparvar1
Abstract
We use the quantum of the mass and its equations to present a new formula that relates the energy
of a massive object to its wavelength. We use the energy-mass equation of Einstein and the mass-
frequency equation of the quantum of the mass. The new equation uses k constant, speed of the
object, and wavelength of the object for calculating the energy of the object. The existing equation
just relates the energy of a photon to its wavelength.
Introduction
In quantum mechanics, one of the most
popular equations that relate the energy and
wavelength of the photon is given by:
(1)
Where E is the energy of the photon, h is the
Planck’s constant, c is the speed of the light
and is the wavelength of the photon.
This equation is a combination of the
Planck’s formula [1] that relates the energy
of the photon to its frequency and public
equation that relates the speed of the particle
to its wavelength:
or
Where (nu) is the frequency of the photon
and:
(2)
According to the definition of wave-particle
duality [2], we know that all particles have
their frequency. Also, according to the
quantum of the mass [3], the equation that
1
Independent researcher form Alborz, IRAN
Corresponding author. Email: Kalhor_bahram@yahoo.com
relates the mass of each particle to its
frequency is given by:
(3)
Scientists believe that wavelength of the
massive object is too short, hence they use
equation (1) for investigating elementary
particles [4]. Now, our question is that it is
possible to change the speed of the light in the
equation (1) to the speed of the object and use
it to calculate the energy of the massive
particles based on their speed and
wavelength? We expect that formula would
be changed to:
(4)
Where v is the speed of the object. This
equation would be useful for predicting the
speed and path of stars in the galaxies [5] and
the formation of the supermassive objects [6-
7].
Energy and wavelength equation of
massive objects
According to the energy-mass equation [8],
for each object:
(5)
Where E is the energy of the mass, m is the
mass, and c is the speed of the light.
On the other hand, in the quantum of the mass
we have an equation that relates the mass of
the massive objects to their frequency:
(6)
Where k is the quantum of the mass, and f is
the frequency of the mass.
Using equation (5) and (6)
Where
hence
(7) or
Second method
There are several methods for proving
equation (7) based on the k constant and its
related formula. According to the definition
of the k constant:
or
also, the relation between wavelength and
mass is given by:
(8)
hence
or
then
Using equation (8)
hence
Equation (7) is the complete equation to
describe the energy of each particle based on
its wavelength and its speed. For instance,
equation (1) is a special case of the equation
(7) where v=c.
Conclusion
By using equations of the quantum of the
mass, we proved that we could calculate the
energy of all objects according to their
wavelength and speed. In astronomy,
wavelength and speed are observational
parameters, hence scientists can calculate
mass and energy of stars and supermassive
objects by using them.
On the other hand, in the quantum mechanics,
measuring speed and wavelength of the
elementary particles help to find out their
properties faster and with more precision.
Finally, using the quantum of the mass can
describe many unknown phenomena and
predict their behavior.
References
1. PLANCK, M.: Ann. Phys. 1, 69; -- Phys. Abh., Bd. I,
S. 614 (1900).
2. L. de Broglie, Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
(Researches on the quantum theory), Thesis (Paris),
1924; L. de Broglie, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 3, 22 (1925).
3. Kalhor, B., and Mehrparvar, F. (2020). "k constant",
Figshare. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12249479
4. Eisberg, Robert, and Robert Resnick. "Quantum
physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and
particles." Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules,
Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, 2nd Edition, by Robert
Eisberg, Robert Resnick, pp. 864. ISBN 0-471-87373-
X. Wiley-VCH, January 1985. (1985): 864.
5. Kalhor, B., and Mehrparvar, F. (2020). "Where is
antimatter?", Figshare. DOI:
10.6084/m9.figshare.12200717
6. Kalhor, B., and Mehrparvar, F. (2020). "Do stars in a
spiral galaxy simulate 4-dimensional movement in a 3-
dimensional space ", Figshare. DOI:
10.6084/m9.figshare.12234617
7. Kalhor, B., and Mehrparvar, F. (2020). “Theory of
black hole structure ", Figshare. DOI:
10.6084/m9.figshare.12198213
8. Einstein, Albert. "Does the inertia of a body depend
upon its energy-content." Ann Phys 18: 639-641
(1905).
9. Uzan, Jean-Philippe. "The fundamental constants and
their variation: observational and theoretical status."
Reviews of modern physics 75.2 (2003).
10. Kalhor, B., and Mehrparvar, F. (2020). "k constant
shows a mistake in the wavelength equation in the
wave-particle duality and presents a new formula",
Figshare. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12263858
11. Gladen, R. W., Chirayath, V. A., Fairchild, A. J.,
Koymen, A. R., & Weiss, A. H. (2020). Digital
methods for the coincident measurement of the
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shifted annihilation gamma quanta. Nuclear
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