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AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF JODA BLOCK IN KEONJHAR DISTRICT, ODISHA

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Abstract and Figures

The report presents the aquifer mapping details prepared on the basis of available data on aquifers from drilling, water level data, water quality and groundwater resources data. The report also suggests the Aquifer Management Plan for sustainable development of aquifers for various uses in the block.
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1
BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND
MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR
DISTRICT, ODISHA
HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK, GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS &
AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN – JODA BLOCK. KEONJHAR DISTRICT
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD
SOUTH EASTERN REGION
BHUJAL BHAWAN
KHANDAGIRI SQUARE
BHUBANESWAR-751030
MAY 2020
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
SALIENT INFORMATION
Prepared by:
DR. SUDARSAN SAHU
Scientist ‘C’
Data Collection:
Dr Sudarsan Sahu, Scientist ‘C’
Sh. Rajeev Tripathy, Asst. Hydrogeologist
Technical Support:
Smt. Chirashree Mohanty, Scientist ‘C’
Overal Supervision:
Sh. P K Mohapatra, Regional Director (IC)
Dr. B K Sahoo, Scientist ‘D’
Sh. D N Mandal, Scientist ‘D’
Smt. Sandhya Mohapatra, Scientist ‘D’
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD
SOUTH EASTERN REGION
BHUJAL BHAWAN
KHANDAGIRI BHUBANESWAR
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
Author’s View
The contour maps prepared in this report, taking the
limited available number of aquifer parameters may vary
from the real scenario in the field. Specifically, such maps
for the fracture aquifers and their yield potentials have
been prepared to depict their broader geographic
distribution, which may bear limited practical value in the
field condition.
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK, GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS & AQUIFER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
CONTENTS Page no.
LIST OF TABLES I
LIST OF FIGURES II
LIST OF PLATES III
JODA BLOCK 1 - 23
2.1 Salient Information
2.2 Drainage, geomorphology and soil types
2.3 Geology
2.4 Hydrogeology
2.5 Aquifer geometry and characters
2.6 Ground water potential zones
2.7 Ground water quality
2.8 Ground water resources
2.9 Aquifer management plan
PLATES 9.1 – 9.15 9 - 23
I
LIST OF TABLES
Table 9.1 : Ground water quality at various locations in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Table 9.2 : Salient information on annual dynamic groundwater resources, Joda block,
Keonjhar district, Odisha (Phreatic/unonfined/1st Aquifer).
Table 9.3 : Total groundwater resoure available in the Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Table 9.4 : Number of additional feasible groundwater abstraction structures in Joda block,
Keonjhar district, Odisha (as on 31st Mar 2017) by enhancing the stage of
groundwater development up to 60%.
Table 9.5 : Irrigation potential likely to be created in Joda block, Keonjhar district, Odisha
(as on 31st Mar 2017) by enhancing the stage of groundwater development up to
60%.
Table 9.6 : Areas in Joda block with depth to water level (DTW) >5.0 m bgl
Table 9.7 : Estimation of volume of water required for artificial recharge to groundwater in
Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Table 9.8 : Number of feasible recharge structures in Joda block, Keonjhar district for
artificial recharge to groundwater
Table 9.9 : Estimation of cost of artificial recharge structures in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
II
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 9.1 : Bar diagram depicting the area percent (%) distribution of different hydro-
geomorphic units in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Figure 9.2 : Bar diagram depicting the area percent (%) distribution of ground surface slope
in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Figure 9.3 : Percentage (%) of Joda block area (Keonjhar dist.) covered by various rock types.
Figure 9.4 : Bar diagram depicting the percentage (%) area of Joda block, Keonjhar district
falling under different weathered zone thickness (m) ranges.
Figure 9.5 : 3D aquifer disposition in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Figure 9.6 : Pie diagram depicting the perentage (%) of Joda block, Keonjhar district, falling
under different groundwater potential zones.
Figure 9.7 : The Piper trilinear diagram depicting the groundwater quality in Joda block,
Keonjhar district.
Figure 9.8 : Bar diagram depicting the net dynamic groundwater resource (in Ham) available
for future use, Joda block, Keonjhar district.
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
III
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 9.1 : Index map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.2 : Drainage map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.3 : Geomorphology map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.4 : Land surface slope map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.5 : Lithology map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.6 : Generalized hydrpgeological map of Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.7 : Pre-monsoon depth to water level map (year 2018) Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.8 : Post-monsoon depth to water level map (year 2018) Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.9 : Annual fluctuation in water level, Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.10 : Map depicting the variation in weathered zone thickness in Joda block, Keonjhar
district
Plate 9.11 : Distribution of fracture zones within 100 m depth in Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.12 : Distribution of fracture zones between 100-200 m depth range in Joda block,
Keonjhar district
Plate 9.13 : Distribution of yield potential of aquifers in Distribution of fracture zones within
100 m depth in Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.14 : Ground water potential zones in Distribution of fracture zones within 200 m
depth in Joda block, Keonjhar district
Plate 9.15 : Map of part of Joda block showing the areas with depth to water levels >5.0 m
bgl, suitable for groundwater artificial recharge.
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
1
HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS &
AQUIFER MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.0 JODA BLOCK
9.1 Salient information
Location, area and demography
Location (Plate 9.1) 85
0
14’ - 86
0
35’ E longitude
210 47’ – 220 10’’ N latitude
Area 727 sq. km
No. of Gram Panchayats 15
No. of villages 120
Population (Census 2011) 1,25,728
Rural: 1,06,538
Urban: 9,190
Literacy 47.27%
Climate and rainfall
Climate Hot and humid
Normal annual rainfall 1538.5 mm
Monsoon normal rainfall 1205.8 mm (78.4% of total)
Land use, agriculture and irrigation
Gross cropped area (1) 19524 Ha
Net sown area (2) 14351 Ha
Area sown more than once (1-2) 5173 Ha
Cropping intensity (%) 136.1 Ha
Area under forest 14872 Ha
Area under wasteland 1718 Ha
Area under other uses 20959 Ha
Important cropping seasons Kharif and rabi
Total irrigated area (as on 2015-16) 2942 Ha
Kharif: 1471 Ha
Rabi: 1471 Ha
9.2 Drainage, geomorphology and soil types
The Baitarani and Karo are the two major rivers that flow in the nortrh-east direction and
drain the block. The drainage pattern is dendritic to sub-trellis in nature. The water bodies are
less and some of them are found in the Baitarani basin (Plate 9.2).
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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Major parts of the block (53% of block area) are occupied by structural hills that bear poor
groundwater potential. Pediments and intermonatane valleys lie in between the hills. The
north-eastern parts of the block are predominated by pediments and buried pediments. The
pediments, buried pediments and intermontane valleys, considered as good for groundwater,
occupy ~43% of the block area (Fig 9.1 and Plate 9.3). Though, ~30% of the block area in the
hills possesses relief >10% (Plate 9.4), the intervenning areas are characterized by slope <10%,
which area suitable for groundwater recharge (Fig 9.2). The soil types include red and yellow
(ultisol), red sandy (alfisol) and red gravel (ultisol).
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Hydrogeo morphic units in Joda block, Keonjhar district, Odisha
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
0
-
5%
5
-
10%
10
-
20%
20
-
40%
40
-
100%
% of land area
Range of land surface slope, Joda block, Keonjhar district,
Odisha
Slope of land surface (in %), Joda block, Keonjhar
Figure 9.1: Bar diagram depicting the area
percent (%) distribution of different hydro-
geomorphic units in Joda block.
Figure 9.2: Bar diagram depicting the area
percent (%) distribution of ground surface
slope in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
% of area
Rock types in Joda block, Keo njhar district, Odisha
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
5 – 10 10 – 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
% of land area
Range of weathered zone thic kness (m)
% of area of Joda block under diff. thickness (m) of
weathered zone
Figure 9.3: Percentage (%) of Joda block area
(Keonjhar dist.) covered by various rock types.
Figure 9.4: Bar diagram depicting the
percentage (%) area of Joda block, Keonjhar
district falling under different weathered zone
thickness (m) ranges.
9.3 Geology
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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The Banded Iron Formations like BHQ/BHJ (forming hills) and metasediments
(quartzite/shale/sandstone) occupy ~80% of the block area. The volcanics, shales and granites
occupy the rest area (Fig 9.3 and Plate 9.5).
9.4 Hydrogeology
The weathered residumm in the Precambrian rocks at shallow depth and the fracture zones
at deeper depths form groundwater repositories in the hard rock areas of the block. The
generalized hydrogeological map of the block is presented in Plate 9.7. The Iron Ore series rocks
including the variegated shales yield between 3-10 lps of water, whereas the volcanics suite of
rocks are promising and yield between 10-15 lps of water.
Except minor patches in the east, almost the entire block depicted water levels >5.0 m bgl
during the pre-monsoon of the year 2018 (Plate 9.7). The water levels remained deeper (>7.5 m
bgl) in the northern parts of the block which might be reflecting mine-water dewatering (Plate
9.7). During the post-monsson period, though a major part of the block recovered the water
level to <5.0 m bgl, those remained >5.0 m bgl in the northern parts and patches in the west
and south (Plate 9.8). The annual fluctuations in the water levels remained largely between 4-6
m in the block (Plate 9.9).
9.5 Aquifer geometry and characters
Except the areas with volcanics and granitic rocks where the weathered zone remain 20-30
m thick, the major part of the block (77% of the area) in the iron ore formations possesses 30-
60 m thick weathered zones (Plate 9.10; Fig 9.4). The thick weathered zones form good
prospect for groundwater to dug wells and shallow tube wells. The general 3D disposition of
the aquifers in the block has been produced in Fig 9.5.
In the block, in major cases 1-3 sets of fracture zones are encountered in bore wells
which increase up to 4 sets in the northern parts within the depth of 100 m bgl (1st aquifer
system) (Plate 9.11). Beyond this depth in the 2nd aquifer system, 1-2 sets of fractures are
observed in the areas occupied by volcanics rocks in the east, whereas in rest of the block 0-1
sets of fractures have been encountered (Plate 9.12). The bore wells both in the volcanics and
the BIF formations registered yield between 1-5 lps (Plate 9.13).
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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4
Figure 9.5: 3D aquifer disposition in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
9.6 Ground water potential zones
Based on the overlay analysis (in GIS platform) of 9 input parameters (Geomorphology,
Geology, land slope, land use/land cover, drainage density, lineament density, soil, weathered
zone thickness and rainfall) which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater, the
probable groundwater potential zones in the block have been delineated (Plate 9.14). As per
this analysis, 64% of the block area has been delineated as good to very good groundwater
potential zones (Fig 9.6). Such areas fall both in the volcanics and BIF rocks.
9.7
26.7
42.5
21.1
Ground water potential zones Joda block, Keonjhar
district, Odisha
Low
Moderate
Good
Very good
Figure 9.6: Pie diagram depicting the
perentage (%) of Joda block, Keonjhar district,
Odisha, falling under different groundwater
potential zones.
9.7 Ground water quality
Ground water in the block is alkaline in nature (Table 9.1) and pH range of 7.5-8.3. The
water is moderately hard to hard. The mineralization is low to moderate with TDS in the range
of 66-257 mg/L (ave.: 146 mg/L). Ground water is fit for drinking and irrigation except certain
pockets. The water types are predominantly Ca-HCO3 types with Ca2+ and HCO3- as the principal
ions contributing to the groundwater quality (Fig 9.7).
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT, ODISHA
5
Table 9.1: Ground water quality at various locations in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
LOCATIONS
pH
EC (µS/cm)
Ground water quality parameters in mg/L
TDS
TH
Alkalinity
Ca
Mg
Na
K
CO
3
HCO
3
Cl
SO
4
F
Kandra
8.25
430
215
138
160
39
10
33.36
1.04
0
174
30
16.1
0.28
Bamebari
8
280
134
112
129
31
9
10
1.8
0
141
13
0
0.16
Nayagarh
8.1
470
257
173
237
51
11
25.31
3.5
0
223
20
19.06
0.49
Bhadrasahi1
8.3
230
115
87
82
25
6
8.5
3.5
0
90
28
0
0.18
Nalda Barbil
7.5
160
76
71
57
12
10
3
1
0
62
20
0
0.13
Soyabali
7.6
110
66
51
5
8
7
1
0.8
0
6
3
43.1
0.18
Bhadrasahi
8.1
215
129
115
93
30
10
5.1
1.77
0
114
24
1.3
0.21
Guali
7.95
180
116
90
74
26
6
8.5
3.09
0
90
24
3.2
0.26
Joda
7.88
265
147
125
64
24
16
5.4
2.96
0
78
29
31
0.21
Rugudi
7.92
360
200
165
127
40
16
3.8
9.84
0
155
41
12.2
0.27
Min.:
7.5
110
66
51
5
8
6
1
0.8
0
6
3
0
0.13
Max.:
8.3
470
257
173
237
51
16
33.36
9.84
0
223
41
43.1
0.49
Average
8.0
270.0
146
113
102.8
28.6
10.1
10.4
2.9
0.0
113.3
23.2
12.6
0.2
Ca2+
CATIONS
Mg
2+
Na
+
+ K
+
CO
3
2-
+ HCO
3
-
SO
4
2-
Cl-
ANIONS
SO
4
2-
+ Cl
-
Ca
2+
+ Mg
2+
Figure 9.7: The Piper trilinear diagram depicting the groundwater
quality in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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6
9.8 Ground water resources
The salient information on the annual dynamic groundwater resources are produced in
Table 9.2-9.4. The net dynamic groundwater available is 3936.1 Ham and the stage of
groundwater development stands at 68.3%. Net resource available for future irrigation needs
stands at 1038.5 Ham (Fig 9.8). The instorage/static groundwater resource component of
4961.2 Ham (Table 9.3) comes from the 1st aquifer system within 100 m bgl with a majnor
portion of it lying in the alluvial area. The total groundwater available in the block stands at
8908 Ham.
2688.1
1250.3
1038.5
Joda block, Keonjhar district
GW draft for ir ri and Ind.
(Ham)
Ann. GW Allo. fo r for
Dom. Use as on 2025
Net GW Avai. for future
use (Ham)
Figure 9.8: Bar diagram
depicting the net dynamic
groundwater resource (in Ham)
available for future use, Joda
block, Keonjhar district, Odisha.
Table 9.2: Salient information on annual dynamic groundwater resources, Joda block, Keonjhar
district, Odisha (Phreatic/unonfined/1st Aquifer).
Net dynamic groundwater resources available (Ham)
3936.1
Irrigation draft (Ham)
1565.7
Industrial draft (Ham)
81.6
Domestic draft (Ham)
1040.8
Total draft (Ham)
2688.1
Annual groundwater resource (Ham) allocation for for
domestic use up to 2025
1250.3
Net groundwater available for future use (Ham)
1038.5
Stage of groundwater extraction (%)
68.3
Table 9.3: Total groundwater resoure available in the Joda block, Keonjhar district, Odisha.
Sl No.
Category of groundwater resource
Resource
(Ham)
1
Annual dynamic groundwater resources (Ham) of 1st Aquifer System
3936.1
2
Static/ In
-
storage groundwater resource (Ham) of 1st Aquifer System
4961.2
3
Static/ In
-
storage groundwater resource (Ham) of 2nd Aquifer System
10.6
Block tota
l
8908.0
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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7
9.9 Aquifer management plan
The groundwater development in the block has already reached 68.3% of the annual
replenishable resource. Thus, there is little scope left for any further development of the
reource. Based on the existing resource potential no additional groundwater abstraction
structures are feasible in the block (Table 9.4). Once the stage of development exceeds 70%,
the block may come under “Semi-critical” category. Additional irrigation potential can only
becreated only if the resource base is augmented by means of artificial recharge to
groundwater (Table 9.5).
About 246.73 km2 area in the block (~34% of total area) showed post-monsoon depth to
water levels >5.0 m bgl (Plate 9.15; Table 9.6). Artificial recharge to groundwater is urgently
required, which should be taken up in the critical areas in order to restore the water level and
augment the groundwater resources. A total of 29.61 MCM of water (Table 9.7) can be
recharged by the help additional 59- percolations ponds, 30-subsurface dykes, 30-nala/contour
bunds and 59-check dams (Table 9.8) with a total cost of 19.25 crores (Table 9.9).
Table 9.4: Number of additional feasible groundwater abstraction structures in Joda block,
Keonjhar district, Odisha (as on 31st Mar 2017) by enhancing the stage of groundwater
development up to 60%.
Sl No.
Salient feature
1
Net dynamic GW avail. (Ham)
3936.1
2
Stage of GW deve. (%)
68.3
3
Present GW draft (Ham)
2688.1
4
Ground water draft at 60% stage of deve. (Ham)
2361.7
5
Addi. water to be d
eve. (Ham)
nil
6
Addi. no of BW/ dug
-
cum
-
bore wlls feasible in Each block (assuming unit draft
as 2.21/ ham/struct./ yr) using 50% of surplus
nil
7
Addi. no. of DW feasible (assuming unit draft as 0.26/ ham/struct./ yr) using
50% of surplus
nil
Abbreviations: GW- groundwater; deve.- development; Ham- hectare meter; Addi.- additional; struct.- structure;
yr.- year; avail.- availability
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
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Table 9.5: Irrigation potential likely to be created in Joda block, Keonjhar district, Odisha (as on
31st Mar 2017) by enhancing the stage of groundwater development up to 60%.
Sl No.
Salient feature
1
Present stage of GW development (%)
68.3
2
Surplus GW avai. for 60% stage of deve. (Ham)
nil
3
Irri, Pot. likely to be created for Paddy (Ha)
nil
4
Irri. Pot. likely t
o be created for ground nut, oil seed (Ha)
nil
5
Irri. Pot. likely to be created for veg. (Ha)
nil
6
Proj. area to be Irri. (ha)
nil
Abbreviations: GW- groundwater; deve.- development; Ham- hectare meter; Irri.- irrigation; yr.- year; avail.-
availability; proj- projected
Table 9.6: Areas in Joda block with depth to water level (DTW) >5.0 m bgl
Name of block
Total area in diff. DTW ranges (Km2)
Total area with DTW
>5.0 m bgl (Km2)
DTW
5.0 - 7.5 m bgl
DTW 7.5 -
9.3 m bgl
Joda 232.02 14.71 246.73
Table 9.7: Estimation of volume of water required for artificial recharge to groundwater in Joda
block, Keonjhar district.
Name of block
Total area
of the
block
(km2)
Area
identified for
artificial
recharge
(km2)
Average DTW
(m bgl)
Total
thickness of
aquifer to
be saturated
(m)
Aqui. Vol.
to raise
water level
to 3 m bgl
(MCM)
Tot. vol. of
water req.
to recharge
(MCM)
Joda 727.00 246.73 7 4 986.94 29.61
Table 9.8: Number of feasible structures in Joda block, Keonjhar district for artificial recharge to
groundwater
Name of block
Total reharge
volume
required
(MCM)
No of different freasible structures
Percolation tank
(40%) @0.2
MCM
sub
-
surface dyke
(15%) @0.15
MCM
Nala
bund/contour
bunding (15%)
@0.15 MCM
Check dams &
weirs (30%)
@0.15 MCM
Joda 29.61 59 30 30 59
Table 9.9: Estimation of cost of artificial recharge structures in Joda block, Keonjhar district.
Name of
block Cost of artificial recharge structures
Total cost in
each block
(rupees in
crores)
Percolation
tank (40%)
@20 lakhs
sub
-
surface dyke
(15%) @10 lakhs
Nala bund/contour
bunding (15%) @5
lakhs
Check dams &
weirs (30%) @5
lakhs
Joda 11.84 2.96 1.48 2.96 19.25
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.1
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.2
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.3
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.4
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.5
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.6
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.7
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.8
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.9
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.10
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.11
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.12
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
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PLATE – 9.13
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
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PLATE – 9.14
PART II BLOCK-WISE AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, KEONJHAR DISTRICT,
ODISHA
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PLATE – 9.15
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