An Enhanced E-Learning Application for Tertiary Institutions

Abstract

An enhanced E-learning platform took into consideration vital concerns of its target population (teachers and the learners). Also, it provided a conducive environment for teachers to carry out their teaching effectively and efficiently. It does also provide the same atmosphere for students (learners) to enjoy quality education. The main objective of this study is to design an enhanced E-learning application for a tertiary institution. To achieve this aim, existing E-learning applications were evaluated based on identified performance indicators (communicativeness of interface, security and system upgrade). Based on the limitations of the existing E-learning applications (Module, Blackboard and Edmodo E-Learningg applications) a logical and physical system for the proposed system was designed, and the unique system was also evaluated based on identified performance indicators. The analysis of the proposed system was carried out using the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM). This study also presented the model, system design and formal description of the e-learning system. Subsequently, the architectural design was implemented using the Apache Wamp Server, MySQL and PHP web technology tools on the backend. In contrast, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript technologies were used on the front end. The result of the design was a prototype system that was developed which has a better communication interface, security and system upgrade capabilities. To enjoy a better feel of security, a firewall system was integrated into E-learning platforms to filter out the activities of unsolicited traffic to the web platform.

Full text

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 176 – No. 21, May 2020
35
An Enhanced E-Learning Application for Tertiary
Institutions
U. F. Eze
Federal University of Technology,
Owerri
Department of Information
Management Technology
M. E. Ihuoma
Federal University of Technology,
Owerri
Department of Information
Management Technology
N. C. Ajanwachuku
Gregory University, Uturu
Department of Computer Science
ABSTRACT
An enhanced E-learning platform took into consideration vital
concerns of its target population (teachers and the learners).
Also, it provided a conducive environment for teachers to
carry out their teaching effectively and efficiently. It does also
provide the same atmosphere for students (learners) to enjoy
quality education. The main objective of this study is to
design an enhanced E-learning application for a tertiary
institution. To achieve this aim, existing E-learning
applications were evaluated based on identified performance
indicators (communicativeness of interface, security and
system upgrade). Based on the limitations of the existing E-
learning applications (Module, Blackboard and Edmodo E-
Learningg applications) a logical and physical system for the
proposed system was designed, and the unique system was
also evaluated based on identified performance indicators.
The analysis of the proposed system was carried out using the
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology
(OOADM). This study also presented the model, system
design and formal description of the e-learning system.
Subsequently, the architectural design was implemented using
the Apache Wamp Server, MySQL and PHP web technology
tools on the backend. In contrast, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
technologies were used on the front end. The result of the
design was a prototype system that was developed which has
a better communication interface, security and system upgrade
capabilities. To enjoy a better feel of security, a firewall
system was integrated into E-learning platforms to filter out
the activities of unsolicited traffic to the web platform.
Keywords
E-Learning, Security, Upgrade, Communication Interface,
Enhanced.
1.INTRODUCTION
Each time the word Education is spoken of, the classroom
system is envisaged by many. The thought of people receiving
lessons from teachers in an enclosed space called classroom
comes to mind. However, the advent of technology and the
internet is gradually overturning such thoughts or impression
about education. E-learning is a concept that emerged from
technological and internet advancement of this present era and
is gradually being integrated into many tertiary educational
programs, thus resulting in a paradigm shift from the
traditional method of education to an electronic method in
which students can have access to instructional resources
irrespective of time and location. [1] defines E-learning as
using electronic media such as the internet, DVD, CD-ROM,
videotape, television, cell phones, etc. for teaching and
learning at a distance. Why adopt this concept of learning at
the tertiary level of education? The reason being that E-
learning enables learners to broaden their knowledge horizon
since learning is self-paced and results in the improvement of
learner‟s level of confidence and independence [14]. The
Nigerian government has made a promise to improve the
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills of
its people and to bridge the digital divide by targeting
Nigerian higher institution [2]. The Federal Republic of
Nigeria (2004:53)[3] earlier stated that “the government shall
provide facilities and necessary infrastructure for the
promotion of ICT and e-learning.” These commitments are in
line with that of the New Partnership for Africa‟s
Development to attain sustainable development in the 21st
century. Hence, e-learning, as a component of ICT, has
suffered some setbacks. The existing e-learning platforms
(Moodle, Blackboard and Edmodo E-Learning applications)
have limitations in areas such as security, system upgrade, and
communicativeness of interface. These problems have made it
very difficult for many students both at home and abroad to
enjoy learning programmes from this innovative platform.
The enhanced e-learning platform will improve on the
existing e-learning system, which is in line with the Nigerian
government‟s objective to bridge the digital divide through e-
learning platforms to achieve sustainable development in the
economy. The enhanced e-learning system will provide better
security, system upgradeability, and communicativeness of
interface. This paper is organized as follows: section two
presents a review of related works. Section three describes the
proposed system, its architecture, implementation, and test,
Section four presents the result and discussion, and finally,
section five concludes the work.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Review of Empirical Framework
In recent years, different needs of versatile e-learning have
pulled in consideration of numerous scientists in computer
sciences and information fields. Subsequently, various works
have been done toward versatile e-learning frameworks,
which are displayed beneath.[4] Designed an extended e-
learning platform called i-coverage which incorporates social
networking approach to improve the learning experience in
Universities. It also has a comprehensive learning platform
that allows for the exchange of information between
stakeholders in the University in a simplified and consistent
manner. [5] Focused on providing comprehensive guide on
designing and implementing e-learning courses for trainers
and instructional designers who are new to e-learning design.
It also provides basic concepts and information on the
processes and resources involved in e-learning development,
which might be of interest to capacity-development managers.
[6] Investigated the application of e-teaching and e-learning in
Nigerian educational system. Result of their research shows
that Nigeria has been slow when it comes to implementing
ICT infrastructures in most of the Universities in the country

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due to poor policy making, poor information infrastructure,
poor implementation strategies, and lack of steady electrical
power supply and this has affected the adoption of e-teaching
and e-learning in most tertiary institutions across the country.
[7] Developed a customized web-based virtual classroom
system (webVCS) model, which is a substitute teaching or
learning system to the traditional approach. However, for the
smooth functioning of the system, factors such as internet
facilities and availability of computers even at remote
locations need to be addressed. [8] Designed and implemented
a robust system that integrated both intranet-based
communication and e-learning together. The synergized
platform provides institution-wide communication and remote
learning with the aid of local intranet networks already
available in most of the Nigerian Universities at a little cost.
[9] Presents the adoption of cloud computing in tertiary
institutions intending to make higher educational processes
seamless. [10] Used component-based software to design a
computer-based testing system. The concept of reuse in object
programming is evident in this work. Multiple components of
the software were achieved by reusing single-core
components again and again. However, it should be noted that
each reused single component differs from the other, though
having the same template format. [11] Presents an overview
of e-learning and the conditions required for individuals to
benefit from it maximally. The work also highlighted the
status quo and challenges of implementing e-learning in
developing countries. The work further proffers solutions to
the challenges of implementing e-learning in developing
countries.
2.2 E-Learning Equipment and Materials in
Nigeria’s Tertiary Institutions
Tertiary institutions in Nigeria recognized the fact those with
physical disabilities in the country should be given special
educational consideration. With that viewpoint in mind, e-
learning is seriously encouraged to achieve this purpose. The
government supports these physically challenged individuals
by providing learning equipment such as overhead projectors,
slides, smart boards, circuit television (CCTV),
transparencies, magnifiers, and computers with special
devices for operating complex functions. However, these e-
learning equipment are not enough when compared to the
number of individuals that needs it, and learning resources
such as e-books, special reading devices, television
conferencing infrastructure lack in most Nigerian tertiary
institutions [12].
3.SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 System Architecture
The e-Learning system makes use of a relational database,
Web Services and Web Pages. This connects all other
modules of the application. User interactions are being passed
to these modules, and then results are generated and passed
back to the user-end. Within this system has some set of
middleware that filters interactions and applies security
measures as integrated into the system. Figure 1 shows the
architectural system design.
Figure 1: System Architectural Design
3.2 Physical System Design
The screenshot of the input/output design is shown in this
section.
3.1.1 Input Design Screenshot
(a) Login Form: The login form (figure 2) presents the user
with options for entering the username, which serves as the
user I.D. and the password which will authenticate the user.

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Figure 2: Login Form
(b) Admin Area and New User Page: The admin area page, as shown in figure 3, is an overview of the various administrative tasks
that the admin can perform. The screenshot below displays the admin area page in figure 3 and the new user page in figure 4.
Figure 3:Admin Area Page

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Figure 4: New user Page
(c) Change Password Page: The change password page, as shown in figure 5, allows the admin to change the user password of any
login account.
Figure 5: Change Password Page
(d) User Profile Search Page: The User profile page, as shown in figure 6, allows the admin to search for a user profile of the e-
learning system. The user clicks on the user profile link to view a user record.

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Figure 6: User Profile Search Page
(e) Site Debug Dashboard: The site debugs dashboard, as shown in figure 7, allows the admin to view all logs made by the
application while it is running. This will hence assist the admin in debugging the app and effect necessary applications updates.
Figure 7: Site Debug Dashboard
(f) Subscribe Page: The subscribe page, as shown in figure 8, allows the users to subscribe to the e-learning platform‟s newsletter; all
necessary updates will be communicated via this medium.

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Figure 8: Subscribe Page
(g) New Course Page: The new course page, as shown in figure 9, allows the admin to add courses to the e-learning system.
Figure 9: New Course Page
(h) User’s Role Management Page: The role management page, as shown in figure 10, allows the admin to manage each user‟s roles
and permissions on the e-learning system.

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Figure 10: User’s Role Management Page
(I) Generate Certificate Page: The Generate Certificatepage, as shown in figure 11, allows the admin to generate attendance
certificates for students.
Figure 11: Generate Certificate Page
(j) Course Page: The Coursepage, as shown in figure 12, allows the admin to view and manage courses currently registered on the e-
learning system.

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Figure 12: Course Page
(k) Implementation of the Message Page: The message page, as shown in figure 13, 14, 15 and 16, allows the student to view and
send messages in the e-learning management system.
Figure 13: Message Page (1)

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Figure 14: Message Page (2)
Figure 15: Message Page (3)

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Figure 16: Message Page (4)
(l)Course Category: The Course Categorypage, as shown in figure 17, allows the admin to add locations of courses in the e-learning
management system.
Figure 17: Course Category Page
(m) New Page/Create New Page: The New Page/Create New Page, as shown in figure 18, allows the admin to add and view pages in
the e-learning management system.

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Figure 18: Create New Page
(n) Menu Management Page: The Menu ManagementPage, as shown in figure 19, provides a means to manage the menu system that
is displayed to both students and teachers when they logon to the e-learning management system.
Figure 19: Menu Management Page
(o) User Dashboard: When the user inputs the correct login credentials, he is taken to the user dashboard, as shown in figure 20. The
dashboard is the command and control centre where the admin can add e-learning resources.

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Figure 20: User Dashboard
3.2.2 Output Design
The E-learning system uses this module to convey information to the users. The output design screenshots include:
(a) Message pages: The messagepage, as shown in figure 21, 22, 23, and 24, allows the student to view and send messages in the e-
learning management system.
Figure 21: Message Page (1)

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Figure 22: Message Page (2)
Figure 23: Message Page (3)

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Figure 24: Message Page (4)
(b) User Profile Display Page: The user profile display page(figure 25) shows a user‟s profile information.
Figure 25:User Profile Display Page
(c) Student’s Forum Page: This page (figure 26) allows the student to participate in the interactive forum of the e-learning platform.

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Figure 26: Student’s Forum Page
(d) Invoice Page: The invoice page, as shown in figure 27, allows the student to view the invoices of the purchased courses.
Figure 27: Student’s Invoice Page
(e) Student’s Generated Invoice Page: The generated invoicepage, as shown in figure 28 and 29, allows the student to view
generated invoicein the e-learning management system.

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Figure 28: Student’s Generated Invoice Page
Figure 29: Student’s Print Generated Invoice Page
(f) Student’s Profile Page: The profile page, as shown in figure 30,allows the student to view profile details.

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Figure 30: Student’s Content Library Page
(g) Student’s E-Learning Page: The e-learning page, as shown in figure 31, allows the student to view the courses that he/she was
subscribed to.
Figure 31:Student’s E-learning Page
3.3 Implementation and Testing
The proposed system was implemented using HTML, CSS
and J.S. as front end to display its content; PHP for the
middle-end and MySQL Database Server was used as its back
end and used for storing data saved by the user. The E-
learning application software for this study passed through the
unit and system test procedure, a standard testing procedure
for software development. The test script can be executed via
the command line using "vendor/bin/phpunitTestCaseName".
Table 1 shows the test scripts for the various modules of the
proposed system.

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Table 1: Test Script
Functional Area
Test Name
Test Steps
Expected Results
Homepage
Home page success
Open your browser and
goto the app link (e.g
https://uniq.app)
Show the landing page, courses, blog
posts, forums etc
Login
Login Success
1. Enter valid username
& password
2. Click Login Now
User login successful and access
dashboard
Login
Login Failed
1. Enter invalid username
and password
2. Click Login Now
User login failed and redirect to login
page
Sign-up
Create Account
1. Fill the form (all fields
required)
2. Click Register Now
On successful registration, redirect to
the Login page and show the
registration success message
Sign-up
Account Creation Failed
1. Partially fill the form
or enter the
mismatched password
or enter an email
already in use.
2. Click Register Now
Show error messages.
Course Creation
Course Creation Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management >
Courses (fill all
required field)
3. Click Create
Course Creation Successful, show
Course list
Course Creation
Course Creation Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor),
2. Goto Course
Management >
Courses (leave
required fields empty)
3. Click Create
Course Creation Failed, show errors
Course Category
Creation
Course Category Creation
Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Create Category
(fill all required field)
3. Click Create
Course Category Creation Successful,
show Course Categorieslist
Course Category
Creation
Course Category Creation
Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Create Category
(leave required fields
empty)
3. Click Create
Course Creation Failed, show errors
Lesson Creation
Lesson Creation Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management > Lesson
(fill all required field)
Lesson Creation Successful, show
Lessons list

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3. Click Create
Lesson Creation
Lesson Creation Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management > Lesson
(leave required fields
empty)
3. Click Create
Lesson Creation Failed, show errors
Tests Creation
Tests of Creation Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management >Tests
(fill all required fields)
3. Click Create
Tests Creation Successful, show Tests
list
Tests Creation
Test Creation Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management > Tests
(leave required fields
empty)
3. Click Create
Test Creation Failed, show errors
Questions Creation
Questions Creation Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management >
Questions (fill all
required field)
3. Click Create
Questions Creation Successful, show
Questions list
Question Creation
Question Creation Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin or tutor)
2. Goto Course
Management >
Questions (leave
required fields empty)
3. Click Create
Questions Creation Failed, show errors
Tutors List
Tutors List
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Teachers
View List of Created Tutors
Orders List
Orders List
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Orders
Show List of Course Orders
Coupon Creation
Coupon Creation Success
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Coupon >Create
Coupon (fill all
required field)
3. Click Create
Coupon Creation Successful, show
Coupon list
Coupon Creation
Coupon Creation Failed
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Coupon >Create
Coupon (leave
required fields empty)
Coupon Creation Failed, show errors

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3. Click Create
Reports List
Reports
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Reports
Show List of Students and Sales
Records
Role and Permission
Management
Role and Permission Test
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Access > Role
Management
Show Roles and Permissions attached
to the roles
Roles and Permission
Management
Role Attachment
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as admin)
2. Goto Access > Role
Management
3. Edit or Add
4. Create or Update
Show Creation Form or the Edit form,
on success, redirect to Roles List Page
Order Course
Course Ordering
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. Select Course
3. Click „Buy Now‟
4. Make Payment
5. Access Course
Course Purchase Success, Access
Course
Course Access
Course Access
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. From the dashboard,
access the course you
wish
3. Start Learning
Show Course Details and All Learning
Materials Associated with the course.
Take Test
Take Test
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. SelectCourse
3. Finish course outline
and Write test
4. Click Submit
Show Course Assessment and report
Forum Access
Forum Test
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. Select Select a Fora
discussion
3. Participate by
commenting and
submitting comments
Show Forum room and all messages in
the forum
Certificate
Certificate
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. Goto Certificates
3. Select a Certificate to
View or Download
Show Certificate List, View Certificate
Details and Print Certificate
Message
Message
1. Login with valid I.D.
(as a student)
2. Goto Messages
3. Compose Message,
select recipient & Send
Show Message Inbox, create and view
a list of all in-out messages

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4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Result Presentation
The control matrix of the result from the evaluation of the existing system and the proposed method is shown in Table 2, Table 3,
Table 4 and Table 5, respectively.
Table 1:Control Matrix for Information Consumers (Existing system)
Performance
Indicator
Extremely
Low
Low
Neutral
High
Very
High
Rank
Judgment
Likert scale Grade
1
2
3
4
5
Security
47
66
29
18
13
2
weak
System Upgrade
35
61
32
26
19
2
weak
Communicativeness of
Interface
39
42
35
30
27
2
weak
Table 3: Control Matrix for Independent Experts (Existing System)
Performance
Indicator
Extremely
Low
Low
Neutral
High
Very
High
Rank
Judgment
Likert scale Grade
1
2
3
4
5
Security
47
66
29
18
13
2
weak
System Upgrade
35
61
32
26
19
2
weak
Communicativeness of
Interface
39
42
35
30
27
2
weak
The gap analysis shows that the existing system has limitations in the key performance indicators (security, system upgrade, and
communicativeness of interface)
Table 4: Control Matrix for Independent Experts (Evaluation of the Unique System)
Performance indicator
Extremely
Low
Low
Neutral
High
Very
High
Rank
Judgment
Likert Scale Grade
1
2
3
4
5
Security
0
0
2
3
20
5
Strong
System Upgrade
0
0
0
7
18
5
Strong
Communicativeness of
Interface
0
0
2
2
23
5
Strong
Table 5: Control Matrix for Information Consumers (Evaluation of the Proposed System)
Likert Scale Grade
1
2
3
4
5
Security
0
0
2
2
21
5
Strong
System Upgrade
0
0
4
6
15
5
Strong
Communicativeness of
Interface
0
0
0
1
24
5
Strong

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From the evaluation made by the Independent Experts(IEs)
and Information Consumers(I.C.s), the unique system has
succeeded in overcoming the bottlenecks posed by the
existing system, namely its weak performance indicators.
4.2 Discussion
In this section, we answered the raised research questions.
1) To what extent do the weaknesses of the existing E-
learning system for tertiary institution affect learning in
tertiary institutions?
From the analysis carried out on the current E-learning system
using Delphi method [13], it shows that the existing E-
learning system has some weaknesses in terms of security,
system upgrade, and communicativeness of interface. This
has made online learning not conducive for the users of the
existing E-learning system.
2) To what extent does the existing system as a whole differ
from the enhanced E-learning application?
The proposed method has a wiki forum, upload video courses,
create an assignment and live chat features. These features
create a conducive learning environment for users of the
proposed E-learning application software. However, these
features are deficient in the existing E-learning system.
3) To what extent does the enhanced e-learning system
improve over the current e-learning system?
The enhanced e-learning system has successfully addressed
the limitations of the existing e-learning system. The results of
the independent experts and information consumers from the
analysis carried out shows that the enhanced e-learning system
has improved security features, improved system
upgradeability, and improved communicativeness of interface
when compared to the existing e-learning system
5.CONCLUSION
The computerized automated enhanced e-learning system for
tertiary institutions will provide better services for the
students. Priority was on problem elimination of existing
system and quality improvement of teaching in tertiary
institutions. The software model used is the Structured System
Analysis and Design Methodology. An improved security
feature of the computerized system was also employed to
avoid an unauthorized person or persons having access to
data. The communicativeness of the interface of the proposed
method was improved as well as the system upgrade
feature.With the unique enhanced E-learning system,
administrators would be able to control and streamline
operations significantly. The enhanced system would also
enable them to improve their response time to the demands of
students because it automates the entire learning process.
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