Content uploaded by Indeewari Herath
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Indeewari Herath on May 18, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Sex determination by mandibular ramus – a digital panoramic study
Figures
Figures - uploaded by Indeewari Herath
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Indeewari Herath
Content may be subject to copyright.
... [14,15] Only two published studies were conducted in the Sri Lankan population using the mandibular morphometrics for gender determination. [16,17] Further, these studies have looked upon only the gender determination making the present study the first in a Sri Lankan population to determine both age and gender using dental panoramic tomographies (DPTs). Therefore, this study was designed with the intention to ascertain the mandibular morphometrics, especially in relation to ramus of the mandible, and to further analyze any significant correlation between each vertical and horizontal dimension and age and gender in a group of Sri Lankans using dental panoramic images. ...
... Our observation on higher average condylar ramus height, coronoid ramus height, upper ramus width, and lower ramus width among males was equal to the previous two studies conducted in Sri Lanka. [16,17] Further, it was also observed that the previous reported mean values for both genders were higher than the present study, and one of the main reasons for these observations may be inclusion of an elderly population; a study has reported that their study included radiographs of patients between the age groups of 20-60 years, while the other study has not reported the age group of the subjects included. [16] This present study included an age range of 5-87 years, and we observed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between age and ramus linear measurements (average condylar and coronoid ramus height) which behaved same as previous studies where an increase in age is associated with an increase in these measurements. ...
... However, interestingly, the average GA and average area of ramus were higher in females, and this similar to the results on GA measurements reported previously. [17] Even though our study did not demonstrate a significant difference between genders some other studies report controversial findings. [16] Nevertheless, the findings with regard to the relationship between age and GA are consistent with the literature where no significant differences between the two age groups were observed. ...
Aim : The aim of the present study is to determine sex of the individuals using mandibular ramus width (right side). Introduction: Sex determination as a cornerstone of identification is at the same time an important aspect of forensic anthropology and in forensic examination. Measurements of the mandibular ramus typically reveal more gender differences than those of the mandibular body, and measurements of the mandibular ramus typically reveal more sexual dimorphism Materials and methods: This study was conducted in the department of Forensic Odontology. A retrospective study was conducted using an orthopantomograph of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). Their ages ranged from 41 to 50 years. Results and discussion: In the present study comprising 30 males and 30 females; The mean standard deviation for male is 35.9667 + 4.02264 and the mean + standard deviation for female is 36.7567 + 4.90487. The mandible is considered to be the best bone for determining sex because of its distinct characteristics, which include being the largest, strongest, and sexually dimorphic bone of the skull as well as frequently being recovered substantially intact. The condylar area and mandibular ramus undergo the most morphological transformations during growth in terms of size and remodelling. Conclusion: The study concluded that the minimum mandibular ramus width of females is 36.76 and that of male is 35.96 stating that females have larger mandibular width than males. From the results it can be concluded that minimum mandibular ramus width is one of the best parameters in sex determination. INTRODUCTION Legal requirements are the main justification for human identification. Additionally, it is necessary on a humanitarian basis. The first stage in any identification process is determining the person's sex. (1)Sex determination as a cornerstone of identification is at the same time an important aspect of forensic anthropology and in forensic examination. The main purpose of identification is to determine gender; track age, stature, ethnic and gender-dependent population estimates.(2)(3) Using a complete skeleton, sex analysis and estimation was performed with close to 90-100% accuracy in identifying morphological features in sex determination.(4) On the other hand, it can be difficult to scan for identification when incomplete or fragmented bones and bodies are severely damaged, such as in the event of a mass disaster.(5) Following the pelvis, the skull is considered the second best feature in sex determination.(6) However, if a completely dry skull is not found, the mandible is the largest, hardest, and dimorphic bone of the skull and can play an important role in sex determination. (7)) The presence of a dense layer of dense bone makes it extremely durable and therefore better preserved than many other bones. The mandible is the last bone to stop growing and is therefore vulnerable to rapid growth in adolescence. Therefore, most distinctive features are only recognized in adulthood.(7)(8) It is sensitive during young development and exhibits many dimorphic features that can be used for sexual assessment.(9)(10) Mandibular dimorphism is known to be influenced by the relative development (size, strength, and angulation) of the mastication muscles because males and females exert
Objective: The purpose of the present study is to determine the gender of individual using mandibular ramus parameters, namely, gonial flexure and minimum ramal breadth in panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted using 100 panoramic radiographs from the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore. Two parameters, namely, gonial flexure and minimum ramal breadth were measured using Agfa Nx software for each digital radiograph. The mean values were calculated and compared between females and males using unpaired t-test and discriminant functional analysis. Results: It was observed that gonial flexure is more obtuse in females when compared to males (R gonial angle, t = 2.965, P = 0.004 L gonial angle t = 2.458, P = 0.016) and the minimum ramal breadth was wider in males compared to females (R ramus breadth, t = −2.846, P = 0.005, L ramus breadth, t = −2.478, P = 0.015) and also the discriminant function analysis was also found to be significant at P = 0.011, Wilks' lambda = 0.875 (Goodness of fit). Conclusion: Mandibular ramus parameters, namely, gonial flexure and minimum ramal breadth can be used efficiently to determine gender which has implication in forensic medicine.
Aims and Objectives:
(1) To determine the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination. (2) To evaluate Anteroposterior | superioinferior angle of mandibular condyle.
Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomographs of 60 males and 60 females, which were taken using Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System (73 kVp, 12 mA, 13.9 s). The age group ranged between 18 – 45 years. Mandibular ramus measurements were carried out using Master View 3.0 software. The measurements of the mandibular ramus will be subjected to Discriminant function analysis.
Results:
Maximum ramus breadth, Minimum ramus breadth, Condylar height, Projective height of ramus Coronoid height were calculated for both the sexes differently with the formula & analyzed with Discriminant function analysis using Fischer exact test. The P value was statistically significant with the P value < 0.05 for the following parameters Max. ramus breadth, Condylar height and Projective height of ramus.
Conclusion:
Mandibular ramus measurements can be a useful tool for gender determination.
Background:
This study aimed to determine if mandibular parameters (gonial angle, bigonial width and ramus height) measured from panoramic radiographs, can be used to determine a correlation with an individual's age and gender in dentate subjects in Far North Queensland.
Material and methods:
The study utilised 2699 randomly selected panoramic radiographs of patients between the ages of 19-69 years, from which 220 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Each panoramic radiograph was analysed and the above three parameters recorded and measured. These values were collated into appropriate age and gender groups and subjected to statistical analysis.
Results:
The mean age of the participants was 44.1±14.41, with males being shown to have a statistically significant larger ramus height and bigonial width than females (P<0.0001 for both). Females, on the other hand, were shown to have a significantly larger gonial angle than males (P<0.0002). General trends revealed gonial angle to increase with age, whilst bigonial width and ramus height were shown to decrease with age.
Conclusions:
The assessment of mandibular morphology through radiographic measurements may be useful in estimating an individual's age and gender when comparing to a known population standard. Key words:Bigonial width, gonial angle, panoramic radiograph, ramus height.
The identification of skeletal remains is of paramount importance in medico-legal investigations. The skeletal components most often investigated for gender determination are the pelvis and skull, with the mandible being a practical element to analyze sexual dimorphism in the fragmented bones. Presence of a dense layer of compact bone makes it very durable and well preserved than many other bones. Mandibular ramus can be used to differentiate between sexes and it also expresses strong univariate sexual dimorphism. When skeleton sex determination is considered, metric analyses on the radiographs are often found to be of superior value owing to their objectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility.
(1) To measure, compare, and evaluate the various measurements of mandibular ramus as observed on orthopantomographs. (2) To assess the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination.
A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomographs of 50 males and 50 females, which were taken using Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System (73 kVp, 12 mA, 13.9 s). Mandibular ramus measurements were carried out using Master View 3.0 software. The measurements of the mandibular ramus were subjected to discriminant function analysis.
We observed each variable of the mandibular ramus to be a significant predictor in classifying a given sample (P < 0.001).
This study on mandibular ramus measurements using orthopantomograph shows strong evidence suggesting that the ramus can be used for gender determination for forensic analysis.
Forensic odontology is the application of dental principles to legal issues. Sex determination is a subdivision of forensic odontology and it is very important especially when information relating to the deceased is unavailable. Sex determination becomes the first priority in the process of identification of a person by a forensic investigator in the case of mishaps, chemical and nuclear bomb explosions, natural disasters crime investigations, and ethnic studies. This article reviews upon the various methods used in sex determination.
Mandible is the hardest and most durable bone of the skull exhibiting a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Especially ramus of mandible is subjected to greater stress than any other bone of the skull because of the process of mastication. This study has been performed to establish the osteometric standards for practical use in forensic context over Indian population using mandibular ramus. The sample consists of 116 mandibles of Northern Indian population (M:F; 92:24, mean age 37.4 years), collected from the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Osteometric informations about five metric parameters (coronoid height, projective height, condylar height, and maximum breadth and minimum breadth of ramus) were taken with sliding calipers. These parameters were subjected to different discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16.0. All parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.001 in all cases) with an overall accuracy of 80.2%, and coronoid height was the single best parameter providing an accuracy of 74.1%.
Association of mandible anatomy with age, gender and dental status, ISRN Radiology
- S Balsaraf
- R H Chole
- A R Gadbail
- S Gondivkar
- R N Patil
- M B Yuwanathi
Balsaraf S, Chole RH, Gadbail AR,
Gondivkar S, Patil RN, Yuwanathi MB.
Association of mandible anatomy with age,
gender and dental status, ISRN Radiology
[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 January 23]:1-4.
Available
from:
http://www.
hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/453763/
Mandibular ramus and gonial angel measurements as predictor of sex and age in an Egyptian population sample: A digital panaromic study
- Dme Beshlewy
- Nsa Taleb
Beshlewy DME, Taleb NSA. Mandibular
ramus and gonial angel measurements as
predictor of sex and age in an Egyptian
population sample: A digital panaromic
study. Journal of Forensic research
[Internet]. 2015 [cited 2017 January 23]; 6
(5):1-7. Available from: http://www.
dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.1000308