Chapter

Defining the Frontier

May 2020

DOI:10.4324/9781003026785-2

In book: Juan Rena and the Frontiers of Spanish Empire, 1500–1540 (pp.23-70)

Authors:

Jose M. Escribano

European University Institute

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Juifs d'Afrique du Nord et expulsés d'Espagne après 1492

Article

Jan 1993

Michel Abitbol

North African Jewry and the Jews expelled from Spain after 1492 This study analyses the hispanisation of North African Jewry following the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492. After describing the arrival of thousands of Spanish Jews in Morocco and Algeria, this paper highlights the main factors which facilitated the integration as well as the cultural symbiosis which took place between local communities and the newcomers. Together with their wide-spread geographical dispersion and an exceptional social mobility, the Spanish Jews succeeded in creating an outstanding social elite who enjoyed much prestige due to their political influence, religious charisma and financial status and through which they gained control of local communities even before the mid-sixteenth century.

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Functional Forms of Stochastic Frontier Production Functions and Models for Technical Inefficiency E...

January 1997 · Journal of Productivity Analysis

This paper considers translog and Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontiers in which the technical inefficiency effects are defined by three different models. The models involved are the time-varying inefficiency model, proposed by Battese and Coelli (1992), the inefficiency effects model for panel data, proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995), and the non-neutral frontier model, proposed by Huang and Liu ... [Show full abstract] (1994). Technical change is also accounted for in the frontier models. Predicted technical efficiencies of the wheat farmers and estimates of the elasticities of wheat production with respect to the different inputs and the returns-to-scale parameter are compared under the different model specifications.

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SELECTION OF SOLUTIONS IN A MULTI-OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENT: POLYMER EXTRUSION A CASE STUDY

January 1970

A new methodology, based on a weight Stress Function Approach, to select the best solution (or set of solutions) from a Pareto frontier taking into account the preferences of the Decision Maker (DM), was proposed. This methodology is able to define the best region of the Pareto frontier from a weight vector defined by the DM. This methodology was tested in several benchmark problems from the ... [Show full abstract] literature and was applied to a real polymer extrusion problem. The methodology proposed is able to obtain solutions with physical meaning accordingly with the DM preferences.

Article

Frontier and Closure of a Semi-Pfaffian Set

April 1998 · Discrete & Computational Geometry

Andrei Gabrielov

For a semi-Pfaffian set, i.e., a real semianalytic set defined by equations and inequalities between Pfaffian functions in an open domain G , the frontier and closure in G are represented as semi-Pfaffian sets. The complexity of this representation is estimated in terms of the complexity of the original set.

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Practical Aspects of Value Efficiency Analysis

July 1998

Gordon J. Macdonald

In this paper, we consider practical aspects for measuring Value Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis. Value efficiency is an efficiency concept that takes into account the decision maker's preferences. It was developed by Halme, Joro, Korhonen, Salo, and Wallenius [1998]. The decision maker is assumed to compare alternatives using an implicitly known value function which reaches its maximum ... [Show full abstract] at the most preferred point on the efficient frontier. The unknown value function is assumed to be pseudoconcave and strictly increasing for outputs and strictly decreasing for inputs. The purpose of value efficiency analysis is to estimate a need to increase outputs and/or decrease inputs for reaching the indifference contour of the value function at the optimum. Because the value function is unknown, the indifference contours cannot be defined precisely. Value efficiency analysis never results in a more pessimistic evaluation than in the case of a known value function. To carry out value effic...

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Between the Provence and the Dauphiné : « frontier and identity » in the département of Les Hautes-A...

January 2003

Valeria Siniscalchi

The history of Les Hautes-Alpes that formerly belonged to the Dauhiné and/or the Provence is used to shape the identity of this territory. But this « shared identity » seems to be a rhetoric that is built and used in very different ways by the local actors. When either component of identity (of the Provence or of the Dauphiné) is privileged to define the territory of Les Hautes-Alpes it appears ... [Show full abstract] as a border space between two entities, an elastic space whose various definitions are derived from scholarly classifications (by historians, geographs, ethnologists, linguists).

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The Multifractal Nature of Volterra-L\'{e}vy Processes

June 2013 · Stochastic Processes and their Applications

Eyal Neuman

We consider the regularity of sample paths of Volterra-L\'{e}vy processes. These processes are defined as stochastic integrals M(t)=\int_{0}^{t}F(t,r)dX(r), \ \ t \in \mathds{R}_{+}, where X is a L\'{e}vy process and F is a deterministic real-valued function. We derive the spectrum of singularities and a result on the 2-microlocal frontier of

\{M(t)\}_{t\in [0,1]}

, under regularity ... [Show full abstract] assumptions on the function F.

Article

A new approach for measuring wage ignorance in the labor market

February 1985 · Journal of Economics and Business

In this article we offer a new econometric approach to the evaluation of information content within labor markets. We define ignorance as the difference between the wage (price) individuals earn (pay) with full information and the wage (price) they actually receive (pay) given their limited information stocks, and we make use of a frontier production function approach to measure ignorance for ... [Show full abstract] various markets. Our empirical results are highly consistent with the analytical results in six areas of search theory. Furthermore, our results suggest a new interpretation of the role of unions.

Chapter

Regional differences in individualism and why they matter

January 2014

In the present chapter, we discuss this dilemma between individual freedom and the collective good through the lens of regional differences in individualism/collectivism. What we ultimately aim to show is that considering regional differences in individualism/collectivism helps us better understand fundamental aspects of culture, aspects we would not understand as well using traditional ... [Show full abstract] “nation-level” units of analysis alone. To do so, we (a) define both individualism/collectivism and regional differences, (b) discuss at a broad level why studying regional differences is important, and then (c) illustrate directly its importance by considering research on two different domains relevant to individualism/collectivism: political structure and physical geography. Along the way, we present some novel research relevant to the effect of frontier topography on individualism. In doing all of this, we hope to accomplish the twin goals of (a) discussing what we know so far about individualism/ collectivism at the regional level and (b) illustrating, at a broad level, the general value of regional levels of analyses.

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Real frontiers of fake planes

March 2016 · European Journal of Mathematics

In [8], we define and partially classify fake real planes, that is, minimal complex surfaces with conjugation whose real locus is diffeomorphic to the euclidean real plane

\mathbb{R}^{2}

. Classification results are given up to biregular isomorphisms and up to birational diffeomorphisms. In this note, we describe in an elementary way numerous examples of fake real planes and we exhibit examples ... [Show full abstract] of such planes of every Kodaira dimension

\kappa\in \{-\infty,0,1,2\}

which are birationally diffeomorphic to

\mathbb{R}^{2}

.

Chapter

Technology in the Office 2: Frontiers and Barriers

January 1982

The development of microelectronics and associated new technologies has come so far, so fast, that in a purely technical sense it is now true to say that almost anything is possible. If we can define our requirements precisely (admittedly a major limitation) we can almost certainly design a machine to meet them. Indeed, one of the easiest ways to be proved wrong is to say that ‘such and such a ... [Show full abstract] development won’t happen for so and so years’ — some unkind firm will almost certainly announce it within weeks

Article

The World Technology Frontier

October 2000 · American Economic Review

We define a country's technology as a triple of efficiencies: one for unskilled labor, one for skilled labor, and one for capital. We find a negative cross-country correlation between the efficiency of unskilled labor and the efficiencies of skilled labor and capital. We interpret this finding as evidence of the existence of a World Technology Frontier. On this frontier, increases in the ... [Show full abstract] efficiency of unskilled labor are obtained at the cost of declines in the efficiency of skilled labor and capital. We estimate a model in which firms in each country optimally choose from a menu of technologies, i.e. they choose their technology subject to a Technology Frontier. The optimal choice of technology depends on the country's endowment of skilled and unskilled labor, so that the model is one of appropriate technology. The estimation allows for country-specific technology frontiers, due to barriers to technology adoption. We find that poor countries tend disproportionately to be inside the World Technology Frontier.

Article

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A new algorithm for solving linear programming problems

May 2012 · Ingenieria e Investigación

Linear programming (LP) is one of the most widely-applied techniques in operations research. Many methods have been developed and several others are being proposed for solving LP problems, including the famous simplex method and interior point algorithms. This study was aimed at introducing a new method for solving LP problems. The proposed algorithm starts from an interior point and then carries ... [Show full abstract] out orthogonal projections using parametric straight lines to move between the interior and polyhedron frontier defining the feasible region until reaching the extreme optimal point.