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Woraus bestehen als biobasiert oder kompostierbar bezeichnete Kunststoffe? Bestimmung der Monomerzusammensetzung von “Biopolyestern”
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Polyesters (PES) are gaining more importance on the food contact material (FCM) market and the variety of properties and applications is expected to be wide. In order to acquire the desired properties manufacturers can combine several FCM approved polyvalent carboxylic acids (PCA) and polyols as monomers. However, information about the qualitative and quantitative composition of FCM articles is often limited. The method presented here describes analysis of PES with the identification and quantification of 25 polyester monomers (10 PCA, 15 polyols) by HPLC with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and GC-MS after alkaline hydrolysis. Accurate identification and quantification was demonstrated by the analysis of seven different FCM articles made of PES. The results explained between 97.2 and 103.4 % w/w of the polymer composition whilst showing equal molar amounts of PCA and polyols. Quantification proved to be precise and sensitive with coefficients of variation (CV) below 6.0 % for PES samples with monomer concentrations typically ranging from 0.02 to 75 % w/w. The analysis of 15 PES samples for the FCM market revealed the presence of 5 different PCA and 11 different polyols (main monomers, co-monomers, non-intentionally added substances (NIAS)) showing the wide variety of monomers in modern PES. The presented method provides a useful tool for commercial, state and research laboratories as well as for producers and distributors facing the task of FCM risk assessment. It can be applied for the identification and quantification of migrating monomers and the prediction of oligomer compositions from the identified monomers, respectively.