BOLESTI KOJE SU MIJENJALE SVIJET

Abstract

Različite zarazne bolesti tijekom povijesti imale su dubok utjecaj na čovječan- stvo. Njihova pojava uništila je i devastirala cijela područja, uzrokovala broj žrtava koji je osjetno nadrastao i one u ratovima, a nakon pojave takvih bolesti mijenjao se i tijek povijesti. Najvažnije zarazne bolesti poznate su i zapisane u najranijim poznatim zapisima, od postanka svijeta bile su pratitelj ljudskoga roda, velik je njihov utjecaj na razvoj, patnju i smrt koju su tijekom stoljesa uzrokovale u ljudi. Boginje spadaju u najsmrtonosnije i najstrašnije virusne bolesti s kojima se su- očilo čovječanstvo. Pandemija španjolske gripe iz 1918. godine je najvesi globalni demografski po- tres koji je svijet ikada doživio. Jedna od najvažnijih transmisivnih (vektorskih) bolesti koje prenose komarci, a uzročnik su protozoe, jeste malarija. Uši prenose uzročnika pjegavog tifusa, rovovske groznice i rekurentne (povratne) groznice. Kugu u prirodnim žarištima prenosi štakorska buha i je- dna je od najopasnijih bakterijskih bolesti. Stalni pratilac stradanja, nesrese i patnje ljudi tijekom ratovanja bio je pjegavi tifus. Mnoge ljudske sudbine bile su povezane s tuberkulozom, ona je odu- vijek bila neizostavni dio života zajednice. Lepra je jedna od najstarijih i najstrašnijih bolesti. Bila je sinonim za stigmatizaciju i diskriminaciju zbog velikih deformacija na tijelu. Sifilis je stalni i neželjeni suputnik čovječanstva ves više od 400 godina. Od prve pojave, sifilis je bila stigmatizirana, sramotna bolest. Suvremena povijest kolere započela je 1817. godine. Kolera uzrokuje tešku klini- čku bolest uz ljudsku patnju i paniku, a narušava društvenu i gospodarsku strukturu te razvoj zajed- nice gdje god se pojavi. Vidljivo je da su kroz čitavu povijest zarazne bolesti imale znatan utjecaj na razvoj i prosperitet čovječanstva. Povijest ljudskog roda zabilježila je mnoge važne ratove i bitke, ali možda su se najvese bitke vodile, a mnoge se još vode, upravo protiv zaraznih bolesti.

Full text

Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.
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     
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



    
       
      
     

   
     
      









–


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      



     

     
      

     
       
 
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
 
       


  
      
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       

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     
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        
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


Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.
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
   

     
       

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 
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       
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 
      
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     
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      
     
       
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 
 
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  
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  
     
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     
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   

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 
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
      
   
       


  
      








     

   

    

       
   
 



  



    
         

–


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
     


 
     



       
      


     


  

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     
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

       
  
 


    


Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.





      

   

     
 
       



      


    mountain peak..." (Meyer,
1961). The causative agent is maintained
among the wild rodent population, the vector
is rat flea, which spreads the causative agent
among rodents. Plague has disappeared from
Europe for a long time, but is still smoldering
in hotspots around the world, like Asia, Africa,
North and South America. It cannot be eradi-
cated because it is widespread in natural re-
servoirs. In many cases, it is shown to be a re-
emergent disease, which recurs after many
years and continues to pose a threat to public
health in many countries.

      
     

 

  
     
      
   


       

  

 

    


       






 


 

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


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

     


 
      
      

  

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       
     

        


–


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       
      

 
    

    


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
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      



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  

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     
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

      

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
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       
  
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      
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
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       
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
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     
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
      
      
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        
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
      
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

   
      


       

     
      

Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.
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      
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     
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        
      
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      
  
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      
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      
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      
      
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      




     
     

 


    

     

      
     



    


     

–


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     
      




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
 
   


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    

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   

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
    
      
       

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




     

       

       

   
        

 
       
     
      

  
      
      
       


      



 


      



   

      



     




     
     

      

   
     






       
      
   

Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.







     
      
     




      

   


      






 

     


      



     
      

  


          
–
  –

 
–
 
–
            
–
 –

 
–
 

 
–
 

–



 

  

 – 
–
 
–
 
–
 
–
 –
 
 
 
          
–
 –
 
 
–
 

 –
 

               
–
 
–
 
–
 –
 
 

 –
 
––
    


Veterinary Journal of Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Vol. XIX, No. 2, 217–227, 2019.



 
–
 
 
–
 

 
–
         
     


 –
 
–
 
–
 

    
        

 

–
 
 –

  
–

