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Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz im Lager durch intelligente Beleuchtungssysteme
Abstract
Kurzfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher Initiativen zur Verbesserung des Klimaschutzes suchen viele Unternehmen nach Lösungen zur Verringerung ihres ökologischen Fußabdrucks. Dabei werden logistische Prozesse bisher allerdings zumeist vernachlässigt. Gerade die Lagerhaltung zeichnet jedoch in vielen Unternehmen für hohe Energieverbräuche und entsprechend hohe Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen verantwortlich, wobei insbesondere die Beleuchtung ein bedeutender Verbraucher ist. Marktreife intelligente Beleuchtungssysteme bieten Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, Lagerprozesse effizient zu steuern und gleichzeitig durch eine bedarfsgerechte Beleuchtung den Energiebedarf deutlich zu reduzieren. In diesem Beitrag werden die Potenziale einer intelligenten Beleuchtung anhand eines Simulationsmodells am Beispiel der Kommissionierung untersucht.
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In modernen Fabrikbetrieben wird nach Lösungen zur Reduktion von Energiekosten und Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen gesucht, dabei jedoch häufig die Beleuchtung vernachlässigt. Durch die stetige Weiterentwicklung der LED existieren marktreife intelligente Beleuchtungssysteme, die äußerst energieeffizient und emissionsarm sind und darüber hinaus weitere Nutzenpotenziale zur Prozessverbesserung aufweisen.
In recent years, there has been observed a continued growth of global carbon dioxide emissions, which are considered as a crucial factor for the greenhouse effect and associated with substantial environmental damages. Amongst others, logistic activities in global supply chains have become a major cause of industrial emissions and the progressing environmental pollution. Although a significant amount of logistic-related carbon dioxide emissions is caused by storage and material handling processes in warehouses, prior research mostly focused on the transport elements. The environmental impact of warehousing has received only little attention by research so far. Operating large and highly technological warehouses, however, causes a significant amount of energy consumption due to lighting, heating, cooling and air condition as well as fixed and mobile material handling equipment which induces considerable carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this paper is to summarise preliminary studies of warehouse-related emissions and to discuss an integrated classification scheme enabling researchers and practitioners to systematically assess the carbon footprint of warehouse operations. Based on the systematic assessment approach containing emissions determinants and aggregates, overall warehouse emissions as well as several strategies for reducing the carbon footprint will be studied at the country level using empirical data of the United States. In addition, a factorial analysis of the warehouse-related carbon dioxide emissions in the United States enables the estimation of future developments and facilitates valuable insights for identifying effective mitigation strategies.
The pre-build development of warehouse systems leads from a specific customer request to a specific customer quotation. This involves a process of configuring a warehouse system using a sequence of steps that contain increasingly more details. Simulation is a helpful tool in analyzing warehouse design alternatives, but setting up a detailed simulation is too expensive early in the development process. We show that configurable simulation models can be applied early in the development process with a good cost/benefit ratio. We present a warehouse simulation model that can be configured with customer and topology information and decision algorithms. We show that the simulation results are similar to those of detailed simulations while a warehouse simulation can be configured with little effort and the simulations run fast enough to support sensitivity analysis and design-space exploration.
The effects of light on health can be divided into three sections. The first is that of light as radiation. Exposure to the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation produced by light sources can damage both the eye and skin, through both thermal and photochemical mechanisms. Such damage is rare for indoor lighting installations designed for vision but can occur in some situations. The second is light operating through the visual system. Lighting enables us to see but lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort are likely to lead to eyestrain. Anyone who frequently experiences eyestrain is not enjoying the best of health. The lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort in buildings are well known and easily avoided. The third is light operating through the circadian system. This is known to influence sleep patterns and believed to be linked to the development of breast cancer among night shift workers.
There is still much to learn about the impact of light on human health but what is known is enough to ensure that the topic requires the attention of all those concerned with the lighting of buildings.
The push for ubiquitous networking and device inter-connectivity in buildings is fueling the development of a new wave of smart devices with embedded electronics, sensors and wireless connectivity that can collect, process and exchange data. Commonly known as the Internet of Things (IoT), it encompasses, but is not limited to wireless sensor networks, home automation, mobile devices and lighting control systems. Smart lighting systems are of particular interest as they evolve from traditional lighting control by introducing autonomous control of light through feedback from integrated sensors, user data, cloud services and user input, bringing with it a host of benefits including increased energy savings, enhanced functionality, and user-centric lighting. In this paper, we review the current state of the art in smart lighting technology, focusing on energy-saving, commercial, and advanced smart lighting systems. Furthermore, we also present a review of smart lighting connectivity options and discuss potential advancements through the integration of visible light communication technology.
Purpose: Order picking is one of the most costly logistics processes in warehouses. As a result, the optimization of order picking processes has received an increased attention in recent years. One potential source for improving order picking is the reduction of picker blocking. This paper investigates picker blocking under different storage assignment and order picker route combinations and evaluates its effects on the performance of manual order picking processes.
Design/methodology/approach: This study develops an agent-based simulation model (ABS) for order picking in a rectangular warehouse. By employing an ABS, we are able to study the behaviour of individual order pickers and their interactions with the environment.
Findings: The simulation model determines shortest mean throughput times when the same routing policy is assigned to all order pickers. In addition, it evaluates the efficiency of alternative routing policies-storage assignment combinations.
Research limitations/implications: The paper implies that ABS is well suited for further investigations in the field of picker blocking, for example with respect to the individual behaviour of agents.
Practical implications: Based on the results of this paper, warehouse managers can choose an appropriate routing policy that best matches their storage assignment policy and the number of order pickers employed.
Originality/Value: This paper is the first to comprehensively study the effects of different combinations of order picker routing and storage assignment policies on the occurrence of picker blocking.
This paper proposes smart energy efficient lighting system based on intelligent controller and sensors. This present project target at designing and executing the advanced development systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor (LDR). This project is designed to detect vehicle movement on street ways to switch ON only a block of street lights ahead of it (vehicle), and to switch OFF the tracking lights to save energy. This project gives the best vital for electrical power distribution. This is achieved by sensing an impending vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle. Further the project can be assisted by using appropriate sensors for detecting the failed street light and then sending an Sending Message Service (SMS) to the control department via Global System For mobile Communication (GSM) modem for appropriate action. This present systems are once implemented on a large scale can bring powerful reduction of the power consumption caused by street lights. This firm will help the government to save this energy and meet the domestic and industrial needs.
Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging field in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) which utilizes the superior modulation bandwidth of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. In modern day communication systems, the most popular frequency band is Radio Frequency (RF) mainly due to little interference and good coverage. However, the rapidly dwindling RF spectrum along with increasing wireless network traffic has substantiated the need for greater bandwidth and spectral relief. By combining illumination and communication, VLC provides ubiquitous communication while addressing the shortfalls and limitations of RF communication. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on VLC with an emphasis on challenges faced in indoor applications over the period 1979-2014. VLC is compared with Infrared (IR) and RF systems and the necessity for using this beneficial technology in communication systems is justified. The advantages of LEDs compared to traditional lighting technologies are discussed and comparison is done between different types of LEDs currently available. Modulation schemes and dimming techniques for indoor VLC are discussed in detail. Methods needed to improve VLC system performance such as filtering, equalization, compensation and beamforming are also presented. The recent progress made by various research groups in this field is discussed along with the possible applications of this technology. Finally, the limitations of VLC as well as the probable future directions are presented.
The warehouse continues to play a major role within supply chains and will continue to do so for the forseeable future, although it may appear in different guises. A 4th edition has now been published.
Most of previous studies in picker-to-parts warehousing systems investigated only single-picker operations and are therefore adequate to evaluate order picking efficiency by travel distance as aisle congestion never takes place in such systems. In real world applications, the congestion inevitably occurs when a system has multiple pickers working together within the same region. This paper presents an approximation method based on a GI/G/1 closed queueing network by using self-correcting approximation technique algorithm to evaluate the throughput time of an order picking system with multiple pickers and aisle congestion considerations for different routing policies. The results generated by the proposed method are compared and validated via simulation model using eM-plant simulator for different sizes of warehouses. The results indicate that the approximation method appears to be sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. The sensitivity analysis of the throughput time with respect to order sizes, number of pickers and number of aisles are conducted and the performance of different item storage policies are also evaluated using the proposed approximation model.
The Impact of Light in Buildings on Human Health