Reflections on the productive chain of sustainability: oriented product

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the relevant researches that address the production chain theme with a focus on sustainability-oriented products. To achieve the proposed objective, a bibliometric research with content analysis was carried out. The research considered the following themes: supply chain management, production chain and sustainable product. The search platform used for data collection was the Brazilian CAPES database, which resulted in 2,052 articles. Based on data inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected as the most important to perform the content analysis. It became clear that the management of the production chain and its sustainable operations constitute a challenge for companies that seek and develop their inter-organizational skills and for all the actors involved in the chain. In general, the study points out that the challenges faced by management professionals are still associated with the incorporation of sustainability into their manufacturing processes. On the other hand, literature is rich in management learning associated with sustainability. Thus, the result of this study is relevant, as it is associated with the conceptual systematization that presupposes management guidelines for the product's productive chain that incorporates sustainability. Such learning can be able to serve as parameters for the promotion of sustainable development. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Management; Productive chain; Product oriented to sustainability.

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https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rbpd
Reflections on the productive chain of
sustainability: oriented product
ABSTRACT
Luciane Cristina Ribeiro dos
Santos
lu.ribeirocrs@hotmail.com
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná. Curitiba. Paraná. Brasil.
Osiris Canciglieri Junior
osiris.canciglieri@pucpr.br
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná. Curitiba. Paraná. Brasil.
Carlos Alberto Cioce Sampaio
carlos.cioce@gmail.com
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do
Paraná. Curitiba. Paraná. Brasil.
The study aimed to identify the relevant researches that address the production chain
theme with a focus on sustainability-oriented products. To achieve the proposed objective,
a bibliometric research with content analysis was carried out. The research considered the
following themes: supply chain management, production chain and sustainable product.
The search platform used for data collection was the Brazilian CAPES database, which
resulted in 2,052 articles. Based on data inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were
selected as the most important to perform the content analysis. It became clear that the
management of the production chain and its sustainable operations constitute a challenge
for companies that seek and develop their inter-organizational skills and for all the actors
involved in the chain. In general, the study points out that the challenges faced by
management professionals are still associated with the incorporation of sustainability into
their manufacturing processes. On the other hand, literature is rich in management learning
associated with sustainability. Thus, the result of this study is relevant, as it is associated
with the conceptual systematization that presupposes management guidelines for the
product's productive chain that incorporates sustainability. Such learning can be able to
serve as parameters for the promotion of sustainable development.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Management; Productive chain; Product oriented to sustainability.

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1 INTRODUÇÃO
Sustainability was included on the agenda of public and private institutions
and society as an entire in the face of the environmental problems that the planet
has faced, starting with the first delimitations established in 1972 at the United
Nations Conference on the Environment in Sweden. Since 1972, United Nations
Organizations have discussed progress on the issue of sustainability in all its
editions. In 2017, the United Nations World Commission took a new step towards
sustainable development and proposed seventeen-millennium goals to be
implemented by 2030. Among the millennium goals, this study highlights
sustainable production and consumption.
Thus, sustainable products are understood as one of the solutions to meet
social needs and demands and contribute to a more sustainable environment
throughout the product's life cycle (Brundtland, 1987). The product life cycle refers
to the management that considers the entire product cycle, from the initial project
phase, through the product manufacturing process, destination (final consumer)
to reuse and disposal (Manzini and Vezzoli, 2008). In this way, integrating all the
links involved in the production process, called the production chain.
Since the period of introduction of sustainable development concepts, it is
being "the development that satisfies the needs of the present, without
compromising the satisfaction of the needs of the next generations" (Brundtland,
1987). The term sustainability has been gaining prominence, especially in industry,
due to the inefficiency of products and production processes in the use of
resources when dealing with environmental issues under a logic of productivity of
resource use, closely associated with innovation and competitiveness. In line with
sustainable production is sustainable consumption, also known as conscious
consumption, and related to product acquisition practices at the limit of basic
human needs, this act helps to maintain natural resources and preserve the
environment.
So, what are the relevant researches that address the thematic production
chain associated with the product aimed at sustainability? Thus, the objective of
the study was to identify the main researches that address the production chain
theme with a focus on the product-oriented to sustainability. In this way, it would
be possible to reflect on the management of the productive chain of product-
oriented to sustainability, thus understanding, how the referred themes could be
aligned and understood as integral parts of the management of the production
chain.
To achieve the proposed objective and answer the research problem, a
systematic literature review with content analysis was carried out. The data for
analysis were collected in the database of the Brazilian CAPES journals portal,
which includes international indexed databases. The search took place based on
the selection of the following keywords: green supply chain management,
productive chain, sustainable product, green product and conscious consumption,
obtaining 2,052 articles. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles
were selected as the most relevant to perform the content analysis.
The articles were structured in 4 sections based on this introduction, which
contemplates the research problem and the general objective of the study. Section
two presents the methodological procedures used for the development of the

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research. Section three contemplates the results of the research with the content
analysis of the main selected researches and finally, the conclusions.
2 METHOD
The study was developed from bibliometric research and content analysis. For
data collection, the Brazilian CAPES journal portal was used, which is a Brazilian
virtual library, considered as an essential information collection tool. The portal
has a collection of more than 40,000 (forty thousand) journals and another 546
databases referenced in all areas of knowledge. Scopus, Web of Science and
Emerald are some of these bases, thus justifying the use of the portal as a data
collection tool.
The search on the platform took place from October to December of 2017 with
updates in 2018. We chose to use a sentence composed of keywords with terms in
English to search for articles relevant to the study, namely: "green supply chain
management" OR ("sustain* product * chain management" AND "product *
sustain*") OR "product * green" AND “conscious consumption”. The use of
Boolean terms (AND, OR and NOT) and wildcards (* and “”) helped to filter the
search for the main searches for the job.
In return, 2,052 (two thousand and fifty-two) articles were found. It should be
noted that the data were not filtered by year. These results were filtered using data
inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed,
only articles, English language, primary data, contains the keywords. The exclusion
criteria were duplication of titles, secondary study, adaptation to the research
context, the low impact factor (JCR and SJR). At the end of the material
classification process, 30 (thirty) works were selected to perform the content
analysis that is presented in section 3.
3 THOUGHTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY-ORIENTED
PRODUCT CHAIN
From the methodological process described previously, it resulted in a
bibliographic portfolio of 30 (thirty) articles. Concerning the space-time dimension,
identified articles were published between from 1971 to 2018 as shown in graph
1.
Graph 1 - the year of publication of the documents highlighted in the survey
Source: the authors.

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It can be observed from Figure 1; there is a growing number of publications
between the years 1971 to 2018, it is suggested so that the subject is in vogue.
From the analyzed articles, it is seen that 48% of the documents deal of literature
review, 41% conducted a case study, and 10% took advantage of the survey. With
the analysis it was revealed that some articles are correlated by address next
themes, namely: supply chain, operations management (OM) sustainable,
sustainable product, the sustainable business chain of green supplies, supply chain,
operations management, consumption conscious, project management, product
design, evaluation of product life-cycle management, and corporate sustainability
report are some examples.
The articles by Kleindorfer et al., (2005), Corbett (2009), Abdul-Rashid et al.,
(2017) answer important questions related to the integration of sustainability into
operations or called sustainable manufacturing practices by companies. In the
work of Corbett (2009), a vision of operations management integrated with
sustainability was presented, analyzing the idea of sustainable development
applied to the business area. In the text, the author presents that sustainable
development arises based on the product life cycle and on the pillars of
sustainability, that is, the Triple Botton Line, aiming to demonstrate the
importance of this integration in the provision of information and typologies for
the management of sustainable operations.
The authors describe the three pillars as economic sustainability, that is:
companies that develop long-term business activities, with concern for their
performance in terms of cost, efficiency and competitiveness. The issue of
environmental sustainability refers to concerns about the impacts and risks that
the company may cause to the environment; the emission of gases is an example.
The issue of social sustainability refers to the concern for the well-being of society,
also known as socio-environmental sustainability, as people are directly involved
with the environment.
Drake and Spinler (2013) and Epstein et al. (2015) address sustainability and
their integration with companies' operational processes in their work. Epstein et
al. (2015) developed the work based on field research and interviews with
professionals from companies such as Nike, Procter & Gamble and Nissan (all
located in North America). The authors specifically investigated how managers are
dealing with trade-offs linked to social, environmental and financial performance
simultaneously. According to Paiva et al. (2004), the trade-off is characterized by
the incompatibility between two or more criteria of competitiveness; that is, the
improvement of one may disadvantage the other. This concept originated from the
work of Skinner (1969), which indicated that the productive sector would
contribute to the formation of the companies' strategy. For Silveira and Slack
(2001), the trade-off must be seen in a production line that needs constant
improvement.
Thus, in the article by Epstein et al. (2015) also highlights the importance of
thinking about the business, linked to social and environmental objectives. For
managers who can maintain business prospects simultaneously, it would be
possible to achieve financial goals and achieve their social and environmental
goals. Such an alternative or perspective is called the trade-off of the financial
relationship with social and environmental verses, which are based on the premise
that financial objectives must be balanced according to social and environmental
considerations. Thus, it was presented that it would be possible to use

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organizational pressures, exerted through suppliers, customers and the
government, for example, creatively as a source of new ideas and innovation,
instead of seeing them as impediments to effective decision making.
The research by Drake and Spinler (2013) carried out from a literature review
on the subject of operations management and reports from a survey with Paul
Kleindorfer, a precursor in the field of Sustainable Operations Management
(sustainable OM), sought to identify the contribution of operation management in
support for sustainable operations management. Therefore, it is emphasized in the
text that operations management has great potential in performing solutions to
the challenges arising from sustainability.
Among the actions mentioned in the text that can determine the impact of
sustainability and naturally represent the intersection of OM flows, the
implementation of product design, technology and supply chain management was
highlighted. In the study by Kleindorfer et al. (2005), the authors start from the
premise that the challenges that management professionals have been facing in
the last decades are to integrate their operations with sustainability issues,
pointing out the three sustainability guidelines: environmental, social and
economic (TBL). The authors addressed the principles of Total Quality
Management (TQM) and Just-in-time (JIT), which are management tools linked to
organizational operations.
The work shows that the evolution of sustainable operation management
based on the TBL integrates the processes of green product, development and lean
production management and product supply chains in closed circuit. Supply chains
form a closed-loop when they are managed in a coordinated way towards common
goals of maximizing gains and risk management, in a triple bottom line (TBL)
perspective (Kleindorfer et al., 2005). In summary, lean production management
refers to a methodology that aims to eliminate waste. Management is conducted
through the application of five principles: i) to identify values through the client's
perspective; ii) map the flow of values; iii) take actions that create value flow; iv)
meet only the demands and; v) seek perfection. All information to drive this
strategy comes from customers and aims to improve processes to eliminate waste
(Womack et al., 1996).
In this way, sustainable operation management can be understood as a set of
skills and concepts that allow a company to structure its business processes. It is
used to obtain a competitive advantage around its active capital, without
sacrificing the needs of internal and external stakeholders and taking into account
the impact of its operations on society and the environment. However, Rashid et
al. (2013) argued for a radical change in thinking about closed-circuit systems. They
reported that for the sustainability of future societies, sustainable manufacturing
strategies are needed with the conservation of resources and the environment as
an integral part. In this perspective, closed-circuit supply chains are considered the
most viable solution. On the other hand, its implementation within the prevailing
open circuit product systems paradigm seems extremely complicated and
practically unviable. Thus, they suggest a change in thinking about closed-circuit
systems and present the new concept of Resource Conservative Manufacturing
(ResCoM).
The ResCoM concept considers the conservation of energy, material and
added value, combining waste prevention and environmental protection, as

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integrated components of the product design and development strategy (Rashid
et al., 2013). They also presented the innovative idea of products with several life
cycles, which the predefined duration is determined in the product design phase,
requiring new design strategies and methodologies.
To succeed with this concept, ResCoM advocates a new approach to supply
chain design and business models, in which customers are an integral part of
industrial companies, and product design is effectively connected with supply
chain design. Thus, products, supply chains and business models developed for
open circuit product systems cannot cope with the dynamics of closed-circuit
systems. The uncertainties associated with product returns are inherent to the
conventional concept of the life cycle and closed-cycle systems. The ResCoM
concept has much more capacity to deal with these uncertainties while developing
sustainable closed-loop systems (Rashid et al., 2013).
In the work of Walton et al., (1998), the problem of integration and
collaboration related to sustainability in the network of operations was discussed.
In the work of Corbett (2009), Berns et al. (2009), Bocken et al. (2014), Marcelino-
Sádaba et al. (2015), Haanaes et al. (2012) and Unruh et al. (2016) had new
demands from the sustainable development paradigm, related to sustainable
business. Specifically, in work by Unruh et al. (2016), based on a survey conducted
in 2015 with more than 3,000 managers and investors in organizations from more
than 100 countries, the new ability of investors to deal with the existing
relationships between corporate sustainability performance and performance was
analyzed financial.
The text highlights the importance given to the image and commitment of
companies to their internal and external public, as well as their concerns with the
environment, which is no longer a trend to become a survival factor in the
competitive market. It was possible to observe in the study that investors adopt
attitudes, behaviours and actions that promote sustainability as a criterion for
reliability. This reasoning identifies a paradigm shift in corporate culture, as
corporations are concerned with their image concerning their interest groups, thus
promoting corporate sustainability.
The works of Michelsen and Fet (2010), Seuring (2011), Liu et al. (2012), Ahi
and Searcy (2013), Pagell & Shevchenko (2014) Shashi et al. (2016) addressed
sustainable supply chain management. Ferrer (2008), Gunasekaran and Spalanzani
(2012) and Haanes et al. (2012) punctuate and clarify the role of sustainability in
the management of a company's manufacturing and service operations. Ferrer
(2008) shows that the focus on sustainability is increasingly ascending and that
politicians and organizational leaders are adhering to the vision of long-term
planning, thus disengaging from models that privilege immediate results (short
term). In this sense, the long-term approach is aligned with performance and
continuous improvement measures, which are introduced as necessary
components to translate the sustainable corporate strategy into operations, using
an integrated model that supports environmental quality and safety. The authors
state that companies must adapt business strategies to seek the organization's
success in a competitive scenario. In other words, in the absence of government
regulations that make specific requirements for environmental protection, the
manager must, for example, take care to incorporate environmental sustainability
goals in his business strategies.

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Thus, the organizational strategy must be based on the sustainability pyramid,
which is based on the TBL. That is, maximizing the productivity of resources at the
company level, taking into account scarce environmental resources, such as energy
and raw materials, instead of simply minimizing waste or pollution associated with
a given product. Besides, non-compliance in the production process in any of the
production areas increases the amount of waste that is generated, which affects
environmental performance. Thus, organizations could influence key suppliers to
adopt best practice practices (Ferrer, 2008).
As presented by Porter and Van Der Linde (1995), Seuring and Müller (2008b),
Walton et al. (1998), Yan et al. (2015) and Chkanikova (2016), sustainability is an
aspect of operation management that depends on relationships throughout the
production chain system and chain of operations or links in the chain. However,
the management of the production chain and its sustainable operations constitute
a challenge for companies that seek and develop their inter-organizational skills
and for all the actors involved in the chain. These organizations are called "focal
companies” and are companies that adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, CSR
can be understood as the continuous commitment of managers to adopt ethical
behaviour and contribute "to economic development, while improving the quality
of life of their" employees "and their families, the local community and society as
a whole ”(Melo Neto and Froes, 1999, p. 87). Corresponding to Seuring and Müller
(2008b), the “focal company” would be the one that establishes rules, performs
the management of the supply chain, has direct contact with the consumer, as well
as projects the production of the production chain. Thus, it can be said that the
focal company has a link that connects it with its entire production chain, is an
important influencer for the realization of innovations for business models with
implements of sustainable practices among the members of the chain. In this
perspective, the objectives of productive chains.
4 FINAL REMARKS
Based on bibliometric and analytical research, this study sought to identify in
the literature, the main researches that address the issues related to the
production chain with a focus on sustainable consumption and product. Among
the related themes identified in the study that showed greater relevance and
incidence in the research were: supply chain, supply chain, sustainable operation
management, sustainable product, sustainable business, productive chain,
conscious consumption, responsible consumption, sustainable consumption, triple
button line, product design, ecological or green design, product life cycle
assessment, eco-label and sustainability indicators.
Based on reflections in order to understand how these themes could be
aligned and understood as integral parts of the management of the production
chain. It was found that, for this study, the supply chain can be considered a
synonym for supply chain or supply. However, they are distinctly mentioned; these
terminologies appeared in several works and are related when dealing with the
production links.
When the authors referred to sustainable operation management, they were
dealing with the process of managing operations to seek sustainability in an

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integrated process, that is, in all dimensions, whether social, environmental or
economic. These being the dimensions of sustainability, which is an organizational
context refers to the triple bottom line. Thus, the term of sustainable operations
was related to other terms, such as sustainable business, sustainable product,
product design, technology, green production chain, green supply chain, among
others.
The management of the productive chain of the sustainable product can be
considered as a methodological process aligned with several management
instruments, namely: sustainability indicators, regulations and standards, such as
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), product life cycle
assessment and triple bottom line. Even though the research has identified several
management tools for the processes of integrating sustainability into production,
managers still find it difficult to align management tools with sustainability issues.
It is justified in the research, as many scholars in the area show that the challenges
of management professionals are in the incorporation of sustainability in the
production chain (Iles, 2007; Berns et al., 2009; Kleindorfer et al., 2012;
Gunasekaran and Spalanzani, 2012; Vasileiadis et al., 2013; Epstein et al., 2015;
Ding et al., 2015; Unruh et al., 2016; Unruh and Canciglieri Junior, 2020; Mattioda
et al., 2013).
Although the study has presented numerous researches that addressed the
productive chain, sustainable product and some studies that addressed
sustainable consumption or conscious consumption, the results of the work
indicate that currently in the literature there are no systemic studies that address
the inter-organizational management of the production chain, products oriented
towards sustainability and conscious consumption, only segmented works or
correlating one or the other theme. Future research could contribute to the
construction of a conceptual framework for the formulation of new hypotheses
related to sustainable production and consumption, uniting the links of the
productive chain in order to strengthen and integrate sustainability in the
management models in the productive processes of organizations.
For the authors, it seems appropriate that future research should be able to
bring together the concepts of supply chain management, incorporating the
aspects of sustainability in the chain management models through tools, namely:
product design, life cycle assessment product, triple bottom line and eco-labelling
of the product presenting necessary information for consumers related to the
sustainability or sustainable production process of the product. The management
model oriented towards sustainability and conscious consumption needs to
consider environmental costs, product quality, product price, occupational health
and safety systems and environmental competencies for the selection of
sustainable suppliers.
It is also suggested that the term conscious consumption can be aligned to the
management model through the production process, thinking based on the role of
organizations in encouraging and making products available in the market that
meets the consumer's perspectives and demand, such as the absence of
information relevant to the sustainable product. What makes the systematic study
on the difficulties of conscious consumption. Thus, a proposal for future research
that lists all the themes that were the subject of study is considered opportune,
that is inter-organizational management of the production chain, sustainable
product and conscious consumption. The theme thus becomes original. Thus, it is

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hoped that this study will serve as an inspiration for future research, with the
objective of identifying management practices related to the themes suggested
here, these practices being considered as alternative movements to development,
in order to build a more sustainable world and contribute towards the Millennium
Goals as proposed by the United Nations World Commission.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná,
for creating the Marcelino Champagnat award, with which the primary author was
awarded for academic merit, thus being able to pursue a doctorate with no
monthly fee. As well, we would like to thank the Brazilian Coordination for the
Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Brazilian Araucária
Foundation and Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological
Development (CNPq) for the financial support to carry out this research.

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Reflexões sobre a cadeia produtiva de
produto orientado à sustentabilidade
RESUMO
O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as principais pesquisas que abordam o tema cadeia
produtiva com foco no produto orientado à a sustentabilidade. Para alcançar o objetivo
proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliométrica com análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa
considerou os seguintes temas: gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, cadeia produtiva e
produto sustentável. A plataforma de busca utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a base
CAPES brasileira, o qual resultou em 2.052 artigos. Com base em critérios de inclusão e
exclusão de dados, 30 artigos foram selecionados como os mais importantes para realizar
a análise de conteúdo. Ficou claro que a gestão da cadeia produtiva e suas operações
sustentáveis constituem um desafio para as empresas que buscam e desenvolvem suas
competências interorganizacionais e para todos os atores envolvidos na cadeia. Em geral,
o estudo aponta que os desafios dos profissionais de gestão ainda estão associados à
incorporação da sustentabilidade em seus processos de fabricação. Por outro lado,
percebe-se que a literatura é rica em aprendizagem gerencial associada à sustentabilidade.
Assim, o resultado deste estudo é relevante, pois está associado à sistematização
conceitual que pressupõe diretrizes de gestão da cadeia produtiva do produto que
incorpora a sustentabilidade. Tal aprendizado pode servir como parâmetros para a
promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestão; Cadeia produtiva; Produto orientado à sustentabilidade.

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Recebido: 08 mar. 2020.
Aprovado: 08 abr. 2020.
DOI:10.3895/rbpd.v9n2.11931
Como citar: SANTOS, L. C. R.; JUNIOR, O. C.; SAMPAIO, C. A. C. Reflexões sobre a cadeia produtiva de
produto orientado à sustentabilidade. R. bras. Planej. Desenv. Curitiba, v. 9, n. 2, p. 214-227, mai./ago.
2020. Disponível em: <https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rbpd>. Acesso em: XXX.
Correspondência:
Luciane Cristina Ribeiro dos Santos
R. Imac. Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho – Curitiba, PR
Direito autoral: Este artigo está licenciado sob os termos da Licença CreativeCommons-Atribuição 4.0
Internacional.