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Decorative Elements of Traditional Malay Houses: Case Study of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP)
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The existence of decorative elements in traditional Malay houses represents the integration between functionalism and aesthetics of architecture. Its ornamentation, form and pattern particularly in woodcarving and bamboo weaving reflect the uniqueness of local craftsmanship and the master carvers. Defined as non-structural and “additional” member of the building there are at least 15 (fifteen) decorative elements of the traditional Malay house that have been identified by previous researcher. There are Tunjuk Langit, Sisik Naga, Sulur Bayung, Ande-Ande, Pemeleh, Kepala Cicak, Tiang Gantung, Lebah Bergantung, Kekisi, Gerbang, Gerbang Pintu Sesiku Keluang, Pagar Musang, Kepala Pintu and Kepala Tingkap. Architecturally in Malaysia traditional houses were categorised based on roof design, spatial organization and geographical setting which finally this categorization were named after the states. Every traditional house in the state of Malaysia signifying particular style and architectural characteristics of that particular state. This article discusses the study of those decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in the state of Perak known as Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). With the objective is to investigate the type, terms and characteristics of decorative elements site observations were done on selected thirty (30) RLBP houses located along Sungai Perak. Sungai Perak is the second longest river in peninsula Malaysia recognised as the site of early Malay settlement in Perak. The analysis on visual data and verbal data were carried out to established architectural terminology and typology based on form and style of every decorative element. The study found that nine (9) decorative elements come to be the major characteristics of RLBP; some with different name, form and style from other states. These similarity and dissimilarity contributes to the enrichment of the aesthetical theory and philosophy of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia.
Keywords: Decorative elements; Malay traditional house; Rumah limas bumbung perak.
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... (Rashid, et al, 2019). As compared to RK, the spatial quality of RLBP is comprised of complex spaces and arrangement, as well as the façade of the house, is equipped with a lot of full window opening which is seen as more open and welcoming than the simple and inclusive house character of the RK (Rasdi, 2005, Rashid, 2018. ...
... It is known from previous studies that RLBP house furnished with decorative elements is commonly owned by the wealthy and noble citizens of society. RLBP is decorated with a total of nine decorative elements consisting of tunjuk langit, kayu pemeleh, kepala cicak, ande-ande, kepala tingkap, kepala pintu, kekisi, gerbang and pagar musang (Rashid, Choo, Ramele, Baharuddin, & Alauddin, 2018). Whilst the decorative elements that are located specifically at the roof comprise of four decorative elements, which include; tunjuk langit, kepala cicak, papan cantik and also kayu pemeleh. ...
This research aims to identify the Malay principal form in the roof decorative elements of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). Through site observation, the data is collected in the form of images and analysed using the CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software) of Atlas Ti. 8. The findings of the research found that there are four Malay principal forms; Gunungan, Buah Guntung, Lebah Bergantung and Pohon Beringin present in the roof decorative elements of RLBP. The similarity and uniformity in the engagement of the form and its meaning is identifiable with the traditional houses of the other region which indicates a uniform understanding of the belief system and practises of the craftsmens throughout the Peninsula.
... The façade of the Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP) is enhanced with decorative elements. Overall, there are nine decorative elements that exist in the Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (Rashid, Choo, Baharuddin, & Alauddin, 2018). The serambi is decorated with a decorative gerbang of jejala motif. ...
... The serambi is decorated with a decorative gerbang of jejala motif. It is one of the prominent characteristics of the decorative elements of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (Rashid et al., 2018). Nevertheless, the availability of the decorative elements in the house depends on the house owner's status where a house with completed decorative elements is commonly owned by the rich or the noble people of the community. ...
One of the treasured heritages of Perak is the traditional house of Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP). With the current wave of rapid development and the other contributing factors, RLBP is threatened with extinction. Besides, the lack of research and documentation effort has made this threat worsen. The objective of this research is to analyze the typology and classify the style of RLBP throughout the state of Perak. The research is conducted using the on-site field survey where the data was collected through observation. An overall of 260 RLBP houses has been analyzed using typological analysis. The research findings have identified an overall of 5 styles of RLBP, namely, Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Utara (RLBPGU), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Perak (RLBPGP), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Kembar (RLBPAK), Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Agam (RLBPA) and Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak Gaya Selatan (RLBPGS). The findings of this research contribute towards the understanding of identity and the enhancement of architectural theory from the perspective of architectural typology and evolution of the traditional Malay house architecture, especially in Perak.
... The selection of RLBP and RLJ were done based from previous study by the author and the research team member. An exploratory research was carried out through site observation on traditional villages at both states during the previous study by Mohd Sabrizaa et al. [13] and current study. Thirty (30) RLBP and twenty seven (27) RLJ were observed and documented from that particular. ...
In traditional Malay architecture, decorative elements are defined as non-structural elements and as “additional member” of the building that contributes to aesthetic and functional aspects of the architecture. Its ornamentation, form and pattern particularly in woodcarving and bamboo weaving reflect the uniqueness of local craftsmanship and the master carvers. There are at least 16 (sixteen) decorative elements of the traditional Malay house that have been identified by previous researcher. Architecturally in Malaysia traditional houses were categorised based on roof design, spatial organization and geographical setting which finally this categorization was named after the states. Each traditional house is in the state of Malaysia signifying particular style and architectural characteristics of that particular state. This article discusses the study of those decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in the state of Perak known as Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP) and traditional house from the state of Johor known as Rumah Limas Johor (RLJ). With the objective is to investigate the type, terms and characteristics of decorative elements site observations were done on selected twenty-five (25) of RLBP houses and another twenty-five (25) of RLJ houses. The analysis on visual data and verbal data were carried out to established architectural terminology and typology based on form and style of every decorative element. The study found that nine (9) decorative elements come to be the major characteristics of RLBP whilst seven (7) for RLJ; some with different name, form and style from other states. These similarity and dissimilarity contribute to the extension of the aesthetical theory and philosophy of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia.
Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak (RLBP) is one of the traditional Malay houses of Perak that can be seen in Perak Tengah. Perak Tengah is one of the regions in Perak with a rich collection of historical remnants such as traditional houses, tombs, and arts and crafts. The cultural heritage value it has is highly potential to be highlighted that can help boost the area's rural tourism. However, the lack of heritage interpretation due to limited research has disabled the effort to promote the rural heritage of Perak Tengah. Therefore, this research aims to understand and interpret the roof decorative architectural components of one of the traditional Malay houses of Perak, which is the RLBP, as part of the tangible heritage of Perak Tengah. Data collection was conducted using multiple case studies. A total of 20 roof decorative architectural components of RLBP have been analysed in the data analysis. The findings of this research contribute toward establishing the character and identity of the decorative architectural components of the RLBP as one of the tangible heritage values of Perak Tengah, thus enhancing the heritage interpretation of the area.
Malay Traditional houses were classified based on roof design, spatial organization, construction method, geographical setting and decorative elements particularly at every state in Malaysia. This article analyzes decorative elements on the traditional Malay houses in two states; Perak Limas' House (PLH) in Perak and Johor Limas' House (JLH) in Johor. The research aim is to establish the architectural characteristics of both PLH and JLH. This can be achieved by identifying the existence of decorative elements and carrying out a comparative study on both PLH and JLH on the decorative elements as the main architectural characteristic. Twenty-five of PLH and JLH were selected for the study. The study found similarities and dissimilarities that contribute to the extension of aesthetical theory of the Malay traditional house in Malaysia. The findings established the architectural attributes of traditional houses in Perak and Johor through decorative elements.
Malay building decoration components had been one of the essential elements in Traditional Malay Architecture. This study aims to look in-depth into the process of inputting the attributes data of “Papan Meleh” or roof eaves decoration in Baitul Rahmah building located in Kuala Kangsar using the HBIM application. The method of study for this paper involves three processes, which are the data collection, data process and data fusion. The findings in this study reveal that the data collection from Heritage study report is insufficient in describing the attributes of the roof eaves decoration. The data collection process involves the collection of primary data from the literature review, and secondary data from the heritage report. The secondary data have its limitation in describing the attributes of “Papan Meleh”. Thus, the data process phase is done to correlate the primary and secondary data in finding its generic attributes and remodelling the 2- Dimensional (2D) into 3-Dimensional (3D) model using the HBIM software. The attributes are divided into tangible and intangible data of “Papan Meleh”. After both 3D models of Papan Meleh and its generic attributes are done, both data are fused again through the HBIM software and a complete HBIM model is created.
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