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Journal of Science Innovare Volume 02, Number 01, February 2019, Page 19-22
https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jsi e-ISSN: 2615-3750 ; p-ISSN: 2615-3769
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THE INFLUENCE OF PICTURE COLORING ON FINE MOTOR
DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AGED 4-5 YEARS
Nining Fitrianingsih a*), Noor Siti Noviani Indah Saria)
a)Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Wijaya Husada, Bogor, Indonesia
*)e-mail korespondensi : nienk1406@yahoo.com
Article history: received 28 December 2018; revised 17 January 2019; accepted 25 January 2019
Abstrak. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2-25% of preschool age children suffer from minor brain
dysfunction, including impaired fine motor development, in Indonesia around 16% of children experience impaired fine motor
development. Fine motor development involves certain body parts performed by small muscles. How to stimulate fine motor skills in
children has a very large function, namely to increase the movement of fine activities such as writing, drawing, and typing. The
impact that will occur if the child has a disruption in fine motor development that can cause cerebral palcy. To determine the effect of
coloring pictures on fine motor development in children aged 4-5 years. This type of research is pre-experimental and conducted in
Al-Munawar Kindergarten, Nanggung District with respondents, namely children aged 4-5 years using Total Sampling. The
instrument used was an observation sheet. Knowing univariate analysis before given coloring treatment 50% of children in the
category of undeveloped and after being given coloring treatment 50% of children in the development category as expected. Bivariate
analysis using the normality test using Shapiro Wilk with the results of 0,000 <0.05 means that the data is not normally distributed,
after that to test the hypothesis using Willcoxon with a P value of 0,000 <0.05, it means that Ha is accepted. Knowing fine motor
development of the respondents 50% of respondents fall into the category of undeveloped with a mean value of 1.87 and a standard
deviation of 0.937. Knowing fine motor development of 50% of respondents included in the category of developing according to
expectations with a mean value of 2.90 and a standard deviation of 0.712. The Influence of Coloring Pictures Against Fine Motoric
Development in Children Aged 4-5 Years at Al-Munawar Kindergarten, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency.
Keywords: Coloring Pictures, Fine Motor Development, Children 4-5 Years
I. INTRODUCTION
Children under five as a golden age or "golden age"
that is human beings aged 0-6 years (Law no. 20 of 2003),
although some experts say children under five are vulnerable
children aged 0-8 years. Developments experienced during
the golden age are physical, cognitive, linguistic, emotional,
adaptive, social, personal, and motoric [1].
In Indonesia the number of children under five years
old is 23.7 million or around 10.4% of the total population of
Indonesia [2]. The number of children aged 1-5 years in the
West Java area there are 5.6 million children [3] and the
number of children aged 4-5 years in Bogor Regency is
113,232 children [2].
In general, growth has certain characteristics, namely
changes in body proportions that can be observed in infancy
and adulthood, irregular growth rates and are characterized
by certain periods of prenatal, infant and adolescence, where
rapid growth occurs. World health organitation (WHO)
reports that 2-25% of preschool-aged children suffer from
minor brain dysfunction, including impaired fine motor
development [4]. Globally reported children who experience
disorders in the form of anxiety around 9%, easy emotions
11-15%, behavior disorders 9-15% [5].
The number of children under five in Indonesia
experienced 0.4 million fine motor and gross motor
development disorders or around 16% [4]. Student
prevalence rate (growth inhibition) in toddlers is around
24.5%. Monitoring of the growth of children under five
every month shows that the percentage of toddlers aged 6-59
months who have never been weighed in the last 6 months
tends to increase from 25.5% in 2007, 23.8% in 2010, to
34.4% in 2013. Disorders speech and language development
is often found in children aged 3-16 years. It is estimated
that the incidence rate ranges from 1% to 32% in the normal
population [2]. The purpose of this study was to determine
the effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
children aged 4-5 years group A in Al-Munawar
Kindergarten, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency.
II. RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses the one group pre-test and post test
design method by giving a pre-test (initial observation)
before giving intervention. After that the intervention is
given, then post test (final observation). This research was
conducted at Al-Munawar Kindergarten. By taking a total
sampling of the population.
The variables of this study consisted of the influence
of coloring pictures and fine motor development in children
aged 4-5 years. Data processing and data analysis using
computer programs. The analysis consisted of univariate and
bivariate analysis, where bivariate analysis analyzed the
effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
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Journal of Science Innovare Volume 02, Number 01, February 2019, Page 19-22
https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jsi e-ISSN: 2615-3750 ; p-ISSN: 2615-3769
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children aged 4-5 years in group A of Al-Munawar
Kindergarten.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study began by observing the development of
fine motor before being given a coloring treatment for 20
minutes, then given a coloring treatment for 50 minutes and
one day after that for 20 minutes, observing fine motor
development again after being given a coloring treatment for
children aged 4-5 years group A in Al-Munawar
Kindergarten
Table 1 Frequency Distribution of fine motor
development before giving color coloring
treatment
Category
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Undeveloped
15
50
Began to develop
4
13,3
Develop according to
expectations
11
36,7
Very well developed
0
0
Total
30
100
SPSS 16
Based on the results of table 1 about the frequency
distribution of fine motor development before coloring
treatment is known from respondents, the majority of
respondents ie 50% of them are included in the
undeveloped category.
Table 2 Average values and standard deviations of fine
motor development before treatment with
coloring pictures
Treatment
Frequency
Mean
Standard
Deviation
Before Coloring
30
1,87
0,937
SPSS 16
Based on table 2 about the average value and
standard deviation of fine motor development before being
given a coloring treatment, it is known from the respondent
that there is a mean value of 1.87 and the standard deviation
value is 0.937.
Based on the results of table 3 the distribution of the
frequency of fine motor development after being given a
treatment coloring pictures of the respondents after being
given a treatment coloring pictures, as many as 50% of
children included in the category of development as
expected.
Table 3 Frequency Distribution of fine motor
development after coloring treatment
Category
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Undeveloped
0
0
Began to develop
9
30
Develop according to
expectations
15
50
Very well developed
6
20
Total
30
100
SPSS 16
Table 4 Mean values and standard deviations of fine
motor development after treatment with coloring
pictures.
Treatment
Frequency
Mean
Standard
Deviation
After Coloring
30
2,90
0,712
SPSS 16
Based on table 4 about the average value and
standard deviation of fine motor development after being
given treatment coloring pictures of 50% of respondents
there is a mean value of 2.90 and the standard deviation
value is 0.712
Table 5 Bivariate analysis of the normality of pretest and
posttest data effects of coloring pictures on fine
motor development in children aged 4-5 years
Variable
N
Normality test
fine motor development
Pre_ Coloring
30
0,000
Post_ Coloring
30
0,000
Based on the results of table 5 on the bivariate
analysis of the normality of pretest and posttest data the
influence of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
children aged 4-5 years was obtained from the data
normality test using Shapiro Wilk before being given a
coloring treatment picture is 0,000 and after being given a
coloring treatment image is 0,000. The normality test results
above get the value of pre_color = 0,000 <0.05 and
post_color = 0,000 <0.05 meaning the data above is not
normally distributed.
Table 6 Bivariate analysis of the pretest and posttest
homogeneity test the effect of coloring pictures
on fine motor development in children aged 4-5
years
Variable
N
Homogeneity Test
fine motor development
Pre_ Coloring
30
0,000
Post_ Coloring
30
0,063
Journal of Science Innovare Volume 02, Number 01, February 2019, Page 19-22
https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jsi e-ISSN: 2615-3750 ; p-ISSN: 2615-3769
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Based on the results of table 6 on the bivariate
analysis of the pretest and posttest homogeneity test the
effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
children aged 4-5 years was obtained homogeneity test
results using the Levene test before being given a coloring
treatment picture was 0,000 and after being given a
coloring treatment picture was 0.063 . Homogeneity results
above get the value of pre_coloring = 0,000 <0.05 and
post_coloring = 0.063> 0.05 meaning that before the
treatment is given coloring the image above data is not
homogeneous and after being given a coloring treatment the
data image above is homogeneous.
Table 7 Bivariate analysis of hypothesis testing of pretest
and posttest data the effect of coloring pictures
on fine motor development in children aged 4-5
years
Variable
N
Means
Std.
Dev.
Min.
Maks.
P Value
fine motor development
Pre_
Coloring
30
1.87
0,937
1
3
0,000
Post_
Coloring
30
2.90
0,712
2
4
Based on the results of table 7 about the bivariate
analysis of the pretest and posttest data hypothesis the
effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
children aged 4-5 years was obtained from the hypothesis
test data using Will Coxon before and after the treatment of
coloring pictures was 0,000 (<0, 05). This means that there
is an effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development
in children aged 4-5 years, Ha is accepted
Univariate
Based on the data obtained from the univariate
results, there is a value of the frequency distribution of fine
motor development before being given a coloring treatment
of the 30 respondents most of which fall into the
underdeveloped category of 50%, the mean value is 1.89
and the standard deviation value is 0.937. While the
frequency distribution values after being given treatment
coloring pictures of 30 respondents mostly fall into the
category of developing according to expectations of 50%,
the mean value of 2.90 and the standard deviation value of
0.712. Judging from the values before and after the
treatment of animals, there are differences in values that
increase. Coloring is a favorite activity for children,
especially for children who want to learn to recognize
colors. In this activity children are given the freedom to
choose colors and combine colors. Coloring is a skill that is
loved by children. coloring is also a medium for them to
express their imagination and inspiration about everything
that has been touched and experienced [6].
This is in accordance with research conducted by
Niluh Sri Murdian [7] This study uses data collection
techniques, observation and assignments. The results
obtained before given the task of coloring pictures of the
number of respondents 25 there is a mean value of 1.58 and
after given the coloring activity there is a mean value of
2.65 where there are 80% of children have sufficient fine
motor skills, and there are 4% of children have less fine
motor skills
Bivariate
Based on the data obtained from the hypothesis test
data using Will Coxon before and after the treatment of
coloring pictures is 0,000 (0.05), it means that there is an
effect of coloring pictures on fine motor development in
children aged 4-5 years. As the physical development of
children aged 4-5 years, the child's motor development can
be coordinated. Each activity is aligned with their needs or
interests. At this time marked by excess movement or
motor skills that are very agile, therefore, this age is an
ideal time to learn skills related to fine motor development,
namely by drawing, painting and typing [3].
The factors that influence fine motor development
include the development of the nervous system, physical
abilities that make it possible to move, children's desire to
motivate to move, supportive environment, aspects of the
child's psychology, age, sex, genetic and chromosomal
abnormalities [8].
The results of this study are in line with research
conducted by Aprilena [9]. Based on the results of research
that by using drawing media with various crayons can
improve fine motor skills in children. Based on the research
results obtained by the first cycle with an average value of
31% and in the second cycle increased to 91% results p
value = 0.001.
IV. CONCLUSION
It is known that fine motor development before being
given coloring treatment pictures of respondents there are
50 % of respondents in the undeveloped category with a
mean value of 1.87 and the standard deviation value is 0.937
Knowing fine motor development after being given a
coloring treatment picture of the respondents there are 50%
of respondents in the category of developing according to
expectations with a mean value of 2.90 and the standard
deviation value is 0.712
There is an effect of coloring pictures on fine motor
development in children aged 4-5 years group A in Al-
Munawar Kindergarten, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency
in 2018, with a p value of 0.00 (<0.05).
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Journal of Science Innovare Volume 02, Number 01, February 2019, Page 19-22
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