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Classical Set Theory: Theory of Sets and Classes

April 2020

Project: Classical Set Theory

Authors:

Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

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Lecture notes of the Introductory course in the Classical Set Theory, based on axioms of von Neumann-Bernays-Godel.

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

Content may be subject to copyright.

Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

Content may be subject to copyright.

Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

Content may be subject to copyright.

Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Content uploaded by Taras Banakh

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Jan 1961

D.S. Scott

A cardinal number m will be called measurable if and only if there is a set X of cardinality m and a non-trivial, real-valued, countably additive measure μ defined on all subsets of X. (The term non-trivial can be taken to mean that μ(X) = 1 and μ({x}) = 0, for all χ ɛ X). If 2ℵ0 = ℵ1, Banach and Kuratowski [1] proved that ℵ1 is not measurable. Ulam [12] proved that if there is a measurable cardinal, then either 2ℵ0 is measurable or there exists a 2-valued measurable cardinal (2-valued in the sense that the measure μ can be assumed to take on only the values 0 and 1). Ulam and Tarski showed that no cardinal less than the first strengly inaccessible cardinal beyond ℵ0 can be 2-valued measurable (cf. [12], esp. footnote 1, p. 146). Last year, using some new results of Hanf, Tarski proved [11] that many inaccessibles, in particular the first beyend ℵ0, are not 2-valued measurable (for other proofs cf. [6] and [2]). Even though the least 2-valued measurable cardinal, if it exists at all, now appears to be incredibly large since Tarski's results apply to a seemingly inexhaustible number of inaccessible cardinals, it still seems plausible to many people including the author to assume that such cardinals do exist. However, this assumption has some surprising consequences, for, as shall be outlined below, we can show that the existence of measurable cardinals contradiets Gödel's axiom of constructibility…

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Jan 2015

George M. Bergman

1 About the course, and these notes.- Part I: Motivation and Examples.- 2 Making Some Things Precise.- 3 Free Groups.- 4 A Cook's Tour.- Part II: Basic Tools and Concepts.- 5 Ordered Sets, Induction, and the Axiom of Choice.- 6 Lattices, Closure Operators, and Galois Connections.- 7 Categories and Functors.- 8 Universal Constructions.- 9 Varieties of Algebras.- Part III: More on Adjunctions.- 10 Algebras, Coalgebras, and Adjunctions.- References.- List of Exercises.- Symbol Index.- Word and Phrase Index.

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Jan 1965

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z we can apply Proposition 18.8 and the preceding statement to conclude that TC( x, y, z ) = {{ x, y }, { x, y , z}} ∪ TC( x, y ) ∪ TC(z) ⊆ {{{{x}, {x, y}}}, {{{x}, {x, y}}

Since

Since x, y, z = x, y, z we can apply Proposition 18.8 and the preceding statement to conclude that TC( x, y, z ) = {{ x, y }, { x, y, z}} ∪ TC( x, y ) ∪ TC(z) ⊆ {{{{x}, {x, y}}}, {{{x}, {x, y}}, z}} ∪ G({x, y}) ∪ TC(x ∪ y) ∪ TC(z) ⊆

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Lecture notes for introductory course in the Classical Set Theory, based on von Neumann-Bernays-Godel Axioms.

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We study elementary theories of well-pointed toposes and pretoposes, regarded as category-theoretic or "structural" set theories in the spirit of Lawvere's "Elementary Theory of the Category of Sets". We consider weak intuitionistic and predicative theories of pretoposes, and we also propose category-theoretic versions of stronger axioms such as unbounded separation, replacement, and collection. ... [Show full abstract] Finally, we compare all of these theories formally to traditional membership-based or "material" set theories, using a version of the classical construction based on internal well-founded relations.

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