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Ilegal Fishing: Penggunaan Alat Tangkap Ikan di Kepulauan Kabupaten Pangkep 1975-2015
Abstract
Karya ini menjelaskan tentang penangkapan ikan secara ilegal di Kepulauan Kabupaten Pangkep pada masa pemerintahan Presiden ke-2 sampai tahun 2015. Alat tangkap tersebut mulai ada sejak tahun 1975 seperti Dodoro’ (Bom ikan), dan Racun potassium yang digunakan oleh sebagian nelayan yang ada di Kepuluan Kabupaten Pangkep. Masuknya orang Jawa ke perairan Selam Makassar Pada tahun 1989 memperkenalkan alat tangkap baru kepada nelayan dan melakukan aktivitas penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap Catrang atau yang biasa disebut Trawl (Trol). Dari sinilah awal nelayan mengenal yang namanya Cantrang/trawl. Sebagai akibatnya, sebagian nelayan di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring khusunya Pulau Podang-podang Lompo terdorong melakukan praktek penangkapan ikan secara ilegal karena permintaan pasar semakin meningkat serta, cara prakteknya pun mudah dilakukan dan bisa mendapatkan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Semasa penggunaan alat illegal (Bom ikan, Potasium, dan Trawl) terus beroperasi sampai mengalami perkembangan dari tahun 2000-2015 dan berdampak pada rusaknya terumbu karang dan memiliki potensi besar mengancam kepunahan ikan dan biota laut lainnya selain itu membahayakan nyawa orang lain..Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian historis (Historical Research), yang terdiri atas beberapa tahapan yakni: (1) Heuristik, dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap para nelayan Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring seperti Dg. Mudo, Dg. Ilyas, Dg. Harrang, Haerul, dll. Mengumpulkan sumber di Perpustakaan Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Perpustakaan Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi-selatan, data-data Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring, sera artikel-artikel yang ada dikoran Fajar. (2) Kritik atau proses verifikasi keaslian sumber sejarah. (3) Interpretasi atau penafsiran sumber sejarah, dan (4) Historiografi, yakni tahap penulisan sejarah. Kata Kunci: Illegal fishing, alat tangkap, Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring. AbstractThis work describes illegal fishing in the Pangkep Regency Islands during the 2nd President's administration until 2015. The fishing gear began to exist since 1975 such as Dodoro (Fish Bomb), and Potassium Poisons used by some fishermen in Head of Pangkep Regency. The entry of Javanese into the waters of Makassar Submarine In 1989 introduced new fishing gear to fishermen and carried out fishing activities using Catrang fishing gear or commonly called Trawl. From here the fishermen knew the name Cantrang / trawl. As a result, some fishermen in the Liukang District of Tupabiring, especially Podang-podang Island, Lompo, are encouraged to practice illegal fishing because market demand is increasing and the practice is easy and can get very satisfying results. During the use of illegal tools (Fish bombs, Potassium and Trawlers) continued to operate until they developed from 2000-2015 and had an impact on the destruction of coral reefs and had great potential to threaten the extinction of fish and other marine biota in addition to endangering the lives of others ... This study is a qualitative research with historical research approach (Historical Research), which consists of several stages, namely: (1) Heuristics, by conducting interviews with fishermen in the Liukang Tupabiring District such as Dg. Mudo, Dg. Ilyas, Dg. Harrang, Haerul, etc. Gathering resources in the Library of the Faculty of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, Regional Library of South Sulawesi Province, data from the Liukang Tupabiring District, as well as articles in the newspaper Fajar. (2) Criticism or the process of verifying the authenticity of historical sources. (3) Interpretation or interpretation of historical sources, and (4) Historiography, namely the stage of historical writing. Keywords: Illegal fishing, fishing gear, Liukang Tupabiring District.
... In practice, the Sampan tribe does not practice bombing to get fish in the waters of the Riau island. It was different from fishing practice in Liukang Tupabiri, Pakeng Regency, and illegal fishing practices have been existed since 1975, such as bombing, trawl, and poison [14]. In practice, until now, the Sampan tribe who live on land still preserves the coastal habitat. ...
Currently, massive practice in fisheries caught and lack of marine ecosystem is not the only news in Indonesia but also in most other countries. Those practices are based on compliance with the growing food needs due to the growth of the world’s population. The Riau Island, known as the Sampan Tribe, has been practicing methods and maintaining a sustainable marine ecosystem from generation to generation for decades. The focus of this research is on the Sampan tribe and the practice of sustainable marine resources. To understand the interactions and activities, culture, values by the Sampan tribe to maintain harmony with the sea and marine ecosystems. It shapes modeling of sustainable marine resources. To gain the best of modeling the Sampan tribe using qualitative method. The researchers did the deep interview with the key of informant from sampan tribe in the land, observation the three areas which was Berakit Bintan, Kampung Tua Batam, and Belakang Padang Batam. To support the data, the researcher did a literature study related to the sea, sampan tribe, and coastal ecosystem. The Sampan tribe consists of three practices, namely the practice of fishing gear, marine ecosystem sustainability practice, and the practice of prohibiting the catching marine animals. They believe that maintaining the sustainability of the marine ecosystem will have an impact on fish survival. It followed by a ban on catching several types of marine animals such as dugongs, turtles, dolphins, and whales. In fishing, the Sampan tribe protects the spawning fish, and the size of the fish is not caught. Their practices are in line with the government policies regarding the catching of fish, fishing gear, and protected marine animals. To conclude, the Sampan tribe is one of the drivers for supporting sustainable marine resources with practices and it is believed to be able to save the sea and existence as a Sampan tribe.
This paper discusses about the traditional fishermans penetration in the village of Panaikang subdistrict of Sinjai Timur the regency of Sinjai (1955-1970). The result of research indicates that in 1955 the people began to looking for fish in the sea. They live in groups according to the area where they make a living. The traditional fisherman in the Panaikang village were referred to as the pa’panja because of the used of the payang ( panja ). Originally, traditional fishing grounds were not far from the shoreline. As it progresses to the operational terrority far enough to the Tanjung Pandang and Bangka. A single months journey with compass instructions, the position of the sun and the moon. A boat that used a Biruang boat, pagatang boat, and soppe’ bajo with oars and sails. Fishermen of 8-12 people on each boat. There are also components of a fishermans work and as well as the class of the fishermen, had payang ( panja ), and the sawi , who were founded on the basis of family activities. The fishing orientation is still subsisten. The economic conditions of the fishermen in the village of Panaikang were the prosperous, and this was felt by punggawa . This can be seen from the existence of a system of 50% for punggawa , the have panja and sawi gets a 25%. There were a traditional of survival by making sulo fesse when going to sea, it was a matter of catch. This study used the method historical research, namely: heuristic, criticism of the source, interpretation and historiography. Data collection methods are done by how a field research is made up of interviews ( punggawa, sawi and the fishermens wife) and collect the source of the archives (Sinjai archives, documents from the village and fishing offices) and the literature related.
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