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Analysis of the faunal remains from the Wallace Ruin [microform] : a Chacoan outlier near Cortez, Colorado /
Abstract
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, 1993. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 343-355). Microfilm. s
... This is the identification used in Figure 1.1 Bradley's (1974:63) approach emphasized small-scale, long-term excavation and analysis. The information used in this thesis is derived from field records and publications prepared by Bradley (1974;1988;1993a;2010a,b Shelley's (1993) analysis of faunal materials from Wallace Ruin. ...
... As determined from archaeological (B. Bradley, 1988;2010a) and faunal (Shelley, 1993) unknown, as is whether they came from the same residential community. ...
This thesis presents the results of a multi-disciplinary investigation of a variant Ancestral Pueblo mortuary rite at Wallace Ruin, southwest Colorado (USA). This multi-storey building is one of four Lakeview Group great houses connected to the Pueblo II regional system centred at Pueblo Bonito of Chaco Canyon some 100 km to the south. From c. AD 1060-1150, Wallace Ruin functioned as a ritual- economic centre with a small residential component. Then, habitation of this great house, the Lakeview Group and all domiciles within 10 kilometres ceased. However, three or more decades later at least six rooms were used as a non- residential, Pueblo III mortuary facility for a minimum of 32 individuals. This use was in marked contrast to the enduring Ancestral Pueblo practice of residential burial, usually in the extramural midden. The interrogation of several hypotheses concerning this anomaly entails a bioarchaeological approach that integrates skeletal evidence with spatial analyses regarding diachronic mortuary location choices at Wallace Ruin. Taphonomic methods that segregate bone displacements during corpse decomposition in a filled versus a void space provide accurate determinations of the depositional versus discovered mortuary microenvironments. The diachronic analysis of data from over 100 San Juan Region sites reveals additional ways in which Wallace’s Pueblo III mortuary program departs from longstanding communities of practice, whether great house or domicile. Chief among these are the use of a surface room floor and the postural arrangement of supine bodies with flexed knees upright. These results, in combination with material culture evidence, form the basis of this thesis: The Pueblo III mortuary program at Wallace Ruin is a variant rite that entails a Mesa Verde Region reformulation of a Pueblo Bonito house society. The sanctioned retrieval of objects of memory offers a plausible explanation for intentional intrusions into two mortuary contexts. Beyond addressing questions concerning Wallace Ruin, a major contribution of this study includes advancement of the house society model as an interpretive scheme for evaluating Mesa Verde Region socio-ritual dynamics. This research also demonstrates the effectiveness of anthropologie de terrain (Duday, 2006) to retrospectively determine the original status of Ancestral Pueblo mortuary microenvironments. The refinement developed for this study, in which Range of Motion criteria are used to detect large-scale movements of lower limbs during corpse decomposition, is suitable for bioarchaeological analyses the world over.
... This is the identification used in Figure 1.1 Bradley's (1974:63) approach emphasized small-scale, long-term excavation and analysis. The information used in this thesis is derived from field records and publications prepared by Bradley (1974;1988;1993a;2010a,b Shelley's (1993) analysis of faunal materials from Wallace Ruin. ...
... As determined from archaeological (B. Bradley, 1988;2010a) and faunal (Shelley, 1993) unknown, as is whether they came from the same residential community. ...
This version of Volume 1 of my doctoral thesis contains no photographs of Ancestral Pueblo human remains.
... To meet the aims of the thesis, this researcher developed two data sets: the Bradley's (1974:63) approach emphasized small-scale, long-term excavation and analysis. The information used in this thesis is derived from field records and publications prepared by Bradley (1974;1988;1993a;2010a,b Shelley's (1993) analysis of faunal materials from Wallace Ruin. ...
... As determined from archaeological (B. Bradley, 1988;2010a) and faunal (Shelley, 1993) The acquisition of radiocarbon dates for several individuals means that the refined AD 1180-1220 timeframe for the Pueblo III use of Wallace can also be evaluated in terms of the major climatic trends described in Chapter 2. ...
This thesis presents the results of a multi-disciplinary investigation of a variant Ancestral Pueblo mortuary rite at Wallace Ruin, southwest Colorado (USA). This multi-story building is one of four Lakeview Group great houses connected to the Pueblo II regional system centered at Pueblo Bonito of Chaco Canyon some 100 km to the south. From c. AD 1060-1150, Wallace Ruin functioned as a ritual- economic centre with a small residential component. Then, habitation of this great house, the Lakeview Group and all domiciles within 10 kilometres ceased. However, three or more decades later at least six rooms were used as a non- residential, Pueblo III mortuary facility for a minimum of 32 individuals. This use was in marked contrast to the enduring Ancestral Pueblo practice of residential burial, usually in the extramural midden. The interrogation of several hypotheses concerning this anomaly entails a bioarchaeological approach that integrates skeletal evidence with spatial analyses regarding diachronic mortuary location choices at Wallace Ruin. Taphonomic methods that segregate bone displacements during corpse decomposition in a filled versus a void space provide accurate determinations of the depositional versus discovered mortuary microenvironments. The diachronic analysis of data from over 100 San Juan Region sites reveals additional ways in which Wallace’s Pueblo III mortuary program departs from longstanding communities of practice, whether great house or domicile. Chief among these are the use of a surface room floor and the postural arrangement of supine bodies with flexed knees upright. These results, in combination with material culture evidence, form the basis of this thesis: The Pueblo III mortuary program at Wallace Ruin is a variant rite that entails a Mesa Verde Region reformulation of a Pueblo Bonito house society. The sanctioned retrieval of objects of memory offers a plausible explanation for intentional intrusions into two mortuary contexts. Beyond addressing questions concerning Wallace Ruin, a major contribution of this study includes advancement of the house society model as an interpretive scheme for evaluating Mesa Verde Region socio-ritual dynamics. This research also demonstrates the effectiveness of anthropologie de terrain (Duday, 2006) to retrospectively determine the original status of Ancestral Pueblo mortuary microenvironments. The refinement developed for this study, in which Range of Motion criteria are used to detect large-scale movements of lower limbs during corpse decomposition, is suitable for bioarchaeological analyses the world over.
... In addition, information, materials and data from Wallace Ruin have been used in various external studies resulting in publications, theses, and dissertations (eg. Bradley 2017;Sullivan 1983;Shelley 1993;Logan and Cummings 2010, etc). Wallace data have also made a significant contribution to Crow Canyon Archeological Center's on-going Northern Chaco Outliers Project. ...
Results of the 2023 excavations at the Wallace great house, Montezuma County, Colorado
... These include birds, carnivores, artiodactyls, and certain reptiles and amphibians. In the Pueblo Southwest, where there is a rich ethnographic record, faunal remains provide an ideal medium for identifying traces of ritual activities in the archaeological record (e.g., Clark 1998;Creel and McKusick 1994;Dean 2001Dean , 2005Hill 2000; McKusick 1982McKusick , 2001Olsen 1990:160-166;Potter 1997;Shelley 1993;Strand 1998;Strand and McKim 1996;Zack Horner 1999). Among the Hopi, Zuni, and other Puebloan groups, for example, certain animals are often associated with particular ceremonies, religious organizations, lineage groups (e.g., clans), forces of nature (e.g., rain), or types of power (e.g., curing, witchcraft) (Bahti 1990;Bradfield 1974:1, 1995Cushing 1883;Fewkes 1899;Ladd 1963;Roediger 1941:70-78;Smith 1952:173-189, 202-223;Tyler 1975Tyler , 1979; references are also found throughout lengthier descriptive ethnographies such as Bunzel 1932aBunzel , 1932bParsons 1939;Stephen 1936;and Stevenson 1904). ...
... It is unclear whether or not a late twelfth-and early thirteenth-century use of the structures occurred, but it would have been of a very low intensity. Stratigraphic and dendrochronological evidence does not indicate use at Wallace Ruin during this period; faunal evidence suggests a substantial hiatus in use of the site and surrounding area ( Shelley 1993 ...
Historically, cultural revitalization movements have been a common mechanism of culture change among North American indigenous groups. Drawing on research at Sand Canyon Pueblo, this article applies a model of the revitalization process to the mid-thirteenth century in the Mesa Verde region. Architectural forms and ritual artifacts appear to reflect a rational, revivalistic, nativistic movement, heavily based on Chacoan symbolism. An example of this may be the replacement of ritual Chacoan pitchers by formalized Mesa Verde-style mugs. The decision of Puebloan peoples to leave the region late in the century may have been substantially influenced by a failed revitalization movement.
Historically, cultural revitalization movements have been a common mechanism of culture change among North American indigenous groups. Drawing on research at Sand Canyon Pueblo, this article applies a model of the revitalization process to the mid-thirteenth century in the Mesa Verde region. Architectural forms and ritual artifacts appear to reflect a rational, revivalistic, nativistic movement, heavily based on Chacoan symbolism. An example of this may be the replacement of ritual Chacoan pitchers by formalized Mesa Verde-style mugs. The decision of Puebloan peoples to leave the region late in the century may have been substantially influenced by a failed revitalization movement. © 2008
Chaco and Mesa Verde were defined as archaeological cultures by Kidder in his 1927 synthesis of Southwestern prehistory and have been used since then as if they represented geographically and temporally bounded social units. This becomes especially problematic for understanding the role of the northern San Juan region in the Chacoan regional system and the nature of social formations after the Chacoan system ended. Recent studies of the formation and maintenance of social or ethnic groups emphasize the fluidity and situational aspect such groups and demonstrate the need to move beyond our often unconscious assumptions. This paper explores problems with the definition and use of Chaco and Mesa Verde as terms for geographically distinct cultural groups. The movement of people and ideas among these culture areas through time is suggested and it is argued that both areas were part of a larger social entity that continues until the end of the occupation of the northern Southwest. © 2005
Historically, cultural revitalization movements have been a common mechanism of culture change among North American indigenous groups. Drawing on research at Sand Canyon Pueblo, this article applies a model of the revitalization process to the mid-thirteenth century in the Mesa Verde region. Architectural forms and ritual artifacts appear to reflect a rational, revivalistic, nativistic movement, heavily based on Chacoan symbolism. An example of this may be the replacement of ritual Chacoan pitchers by formalized Mesa Verde-style mugs. The decision of Puebloan peoples to leave the region late in the century may have been substantially influenced by a failed revitalization movement.
RESUMEN
Historicamente, los movimientos de revitalización cultural han sido un mecanismo común en el cambio cultural en grupos indígenas norteamericanos. En base a estudios en Sand Canyon Pueblo, en este artículo se utiliza un modelo de revitalización para documentar procesos culturales en la región de Mesa Verde a mediados del siglo XIII. Formas arquitectónicas y artefactos rituales parecen reflejar un movimiento racional, restaurador, y naiivista, basado extensivamente en el simbolismo Chaco. Un ejemplo sería el reemplazo de jarras rituales Chaco con jarros de estilo formal Mesa Verde. La decisión de los grupos Pueblo de abandonar la región a finales del siglo XIII podría haber sido influenciada substancialmente por el fracaso del movimiento de rvilaización.
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