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الأبعاد التربویة والاجتماعیة لخصخصة التعلیم العالی فی المملکة العربیة السعودیة
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Since opening to the international community following the Paris Peace Accords in 1991, Cambodia has incrementally adopted a stance of political liberalization. Whether because of the exigencies of reconstruction and development or by intention, large tracts of the institutional domain have been delivered into the hands of development agencies, corporations, non-governmental organizations and other private entities. Higher education was no exception, witnessing runaway growth in private-sector capacity in a lax regulatory environment since the mid-1990s. Despite more recent regulatory assertiveness reflecting the government's enhanced capacity, the imminent processes of regional integration in ASEAN are again diminishing the Cambodian state’s autonomy and room to maneuver.
After two centuries of extraordinary public higher education in the United States that was both well-funded and high quality, the bond between public research universities and the public good is facing ever-increasing challenges. Privatization of public higher education describes a change in a public university's relationship with the state in governance and autonomy, control of tuition and enrollment, and increased alternative revenue sources including research and philanthropy. The purpose of this study was to understand the strategies of privatization at highly selective public research universities, the ways that they define and carry out their public mission, and how these universities and their states balance institutional interests with the historic public mission. ^ The results of this study reveal that while autonomy and finance are critical in understanding privatization, state context and mission are even more foundational. Utilizing Bruce Johnstone's "Continuum of Privatization" (2002) as a conceptual framework, two in-depth qualitative case studies were conducted at the University of Virginia and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. By interviewing nearly 100 state legislators, governors and policy makers in addition to university leaders, this study led to the creation of a new conceptual framework for privatization—"Foundations of Privatization: A Model for Public Research Universities." This new model accounts for the importance and role of state context (mission, history and culture), vision and focus, enrollment and access, and leadership in addition to the most often discussed elements of autonomy and finance. ^ The search for balance between institutional interests and the public purposes inherent in higher education showcases the complexity of the future for public higher education. This new model for privatization is a framework for identifying and considering the complex foundational layers involved as institutions and their states assess their own circumstances and strategies for privatization. In particular, this study creates a better understanding of what privatization currently means at highly selective public research universities and the implications for how institutions that increasingly represent a public-private partnership can serve the public good.
National tertiary-education systems are in a period of transition worldwide. Numerous systems have grown dramatically in enrollments and many have undergone structural reforms. Often, these organizational changes flow in the direction of greater privatization in association with increased accountability for performance on various dimensions. This essay outlines the growing movement in that direction in the U.S. and examines the trends' implications for management, enrollment, stratification, pay, and staffing in that country. Conclusions focus on broader questions of the public good.
Higher Education in India: Heritage and Present Scenario
- U Solanki
- R Prakash
Solanki, U., & Prakash, R. (2104). Higher Education in India:
Heritage and Present Scenario. International Journal Of
Business & Engineering Research, 849-52.