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The Role of Minangkabau Ulamas in the Islamization of the Kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo
Abstract
The study aims to explain the important role of Minangkabau ulamas in the Islamization of the Bugis kingdoms in South Sulawesi. The historical approach was used in this study where the Heuristic activities were carried out to collect the main data. Document analysis of books, papers, journals and other relevant writings and interviews with customary figures were done. The results of the study found that the three ulamas came from Minangkabau and expertise in their respective fields and spread Islam. Datuk ri Bandang, who lived in Gowa had expertised in the field of jurisprudence, taught and propagated Islam by using Islamic sharia as its core teaching. Datuk ri Patimang, who lived in Luwu, had expertise in the field of tawhid, spread Islam by prioritizing the teachings of tawhid. Datuk ri Tiro, who lived in Tiro, had expertise in the field of Sufism, taught and developed Islam with Sufism teachings. It is recommended that the involvement of the three ulamas in Islamization in Gowa and Tallo can be seen in the diversity of the Bugis and Makassar communities.
The Islamization of South Sulawesi, particularly in the Bugis-Makassar hinterland, represents a significant shift in Indonesia's religious and socio-political history. This article highlights the migration of Islamic scholars from West Sumatra to key kingdoms in the region, which contributed to the formation of new Islamic landscapes that were previously recognized only in localized contexts. The integration of Islamic teachings into local governance systems, particularly through Pangngaderreng, succeeded in establishing Islam not only as a religion but also as a foundation for state legislation. This paper examines the da’wah strategies employed by Datuk Tellue, including (1) da’wah bi al-Hal, (2) da’wah bi al-Lisan, and (3) da’wah bi al-Aqd, and their impact on cultural and political dynamics in South Sulawesi. The study reveals how Islam was interwoven with local traditions and governance structures to shape a unique Islamic identity in the region. Furthermore, the establishment of Islamic educational institutions and councils such as Parewa Sara played a critical role in ensuring the continued influence of Islam in South Sulawesi.
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