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Agroindustrial Clustering as a Driver of the Activization of Breeding Work
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1
Agroindustrial Clustering as a Driver of the Activization of
Breeding Work in Animal Husbandry
E A Aleshina1, E I Anisimova2, D V Serdobintsev1
1
Volga Scientific-Research Institute of Economics and Organization of
AgroIndustrial Complex, Saratov, Russia
2Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture of South-East,
Saratov, Russia
E-mail: aleshina-80@mail.ru, anisimova_science@mail.ru, dvss@bk.ru
Abstract. The current condition of breeding in animal farming in Russia and on the regional
example the Saratov area was researched. The indicators of the development of pig breeding,
meat and dairy cattle breeding are analyzed. Data on livestock scoring and the specific share of
various breeds of pigs and cattle in households of all categories are presented. The main prob-
lems of the development of stock breeding were identified, among which: the destruction of a
unified system of breeding work, the lack of specialized education in the regions, reduction of
specialized research institutions, reduction in the number of breeding enterprises, etc. The or-
ganizational and economic structure of the livestock cluster, consisting of a production core
(agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises) and serving satellites (supplying organiza-
tions of scientific, technical, educational, financial and credit and insurance sectors) is pro-
posed. The need for the creation of regional reception centers for primary meat processing and
the Center for Cluster Development was also identified. And the creation of a single Selection
and Hybrid Center in the regions will allow to restore and systematize the breeding work in the
agricultural enterprises participating in the cluster. The implementation of proposals for the or-
ganization of breeding in the regions on the basis of livestock clusters will solve a number of
organizational and economic problems of increasing the competitiveness of the main animal
breeds and the efficiency of livestock production.
1. Introduction
The breeding work in animal farming in Russia over the past three decades has existed thanks to the
accumulated base from the time of the Soviet Union, but continued to gradually decline. In the 21st
century, foreign companies and research organizations were called upon to compensate for the lack of
domestic breeds. And this is in a country where many foundations of animal breeding were laid by
such world-famous scientists as: M.F. Ivanov, P. N.Kuleshov, M. I. Pridorogin, E. A. Bogdanov, E. F.
Liskun, D. A. Kislovsky, S. I. Shteyman, S. I. Smetnev, A. A. Maligonov, A. S. Serebrovsky, L. K.
Ernst [9].
Of course, this state of affairs in the country of worthy followers of Robert Bakewell and Charles
Robert Darwin could not last forever. If in the days of the Russian Empire and later in the USSR, own
breeds were bred and then regionalized, and a well-functioning breeding system was destroyed, which
was destroyed during the time of new Russia. Now, animals brought from abroad do not quite corres-
pond to the local climatic conditions and conditions of detention. And if the last factor can still be re-
built for the sake of more productive breeds of animals, then the first is not possible to change. Today
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this creates new challenges for Russian livestock. But over the years, the world science of breeding in
livestock has gone far ahead in almost all areas.
Currently, in order to implement the state policy in the field of import substitution for breeding
products and ensuring epizootic well-being, an in-depth breeding and breeding work with specialized
animal lines is required, which ensures the production of highly productive domestic hybrids. Today,
there is an objective need for a radical technological reform of livestock breeding, the platform for
which should be the latest industry innovations, in particular reproductive, information and genomic
technologies, which are of great importance for the reproduction of competitive breeding resources of
their own reproduction. To solve this problem, the State Program for the Development of Agriculture
and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2013–2020 provides for
support in the form of subsidies from the federal budget to reimburse part of the direct costs incurred
related to the creation of new and modernization of existing selection genetic centers.
2. Relevance, scientific significance of the issue with a brief review of literature
The experience of issues of integration and cooperation development has been accumulated by many
scientists of the world. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the study of issues of the in-
terconnected transition from the processes of integration and cooperation to the wide clustering of all
areas of the agro-industrial complex, as well as their development and functioning in the system of a
single mechanism at the regional level, organizational and economic features and the methodology for
the formation of specific elements and objects. In addition, despite the sufficient study of the features
of the formation of cluster activity in individual industries, questions remain open related to the trans-
fer of this positive experience to the sphere of agricultural production. The problems of interaction of
agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises with research, educational and financial-credit insti-
tutions are required to be disclosed. A lot of problems lie in the plane of creating a favorable external
environment for the operation of agro-clusters, including increasing their investment attractiveness and
innovative activity (information and analytical support, simplifying and accelerating project registra-
tion procedures, eliminating administrative barriers, training qualified specialists, etc.). At the same
time, there is practically no work to improve the organization of the breeding system, both at the state
or regional levels, and at the level of enterprises or holding structures. At the same time, the lack of
targeted state regulation of cluster activities within the framework of a single federal agency on the
basis of a single mechanism is still being traced, which forces research to be focused on the develop-
ment of regional projects for their implementation at the enterprise level, which predetermined direc-
tion of research.
In preparing the article, data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Ross-
tat), scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists on the organization of breed work in agriculture,
materials of research organizations from different countries of the world were used. In the study of theoret-
ical and methodological aspects of various organizational-economic aspects of the development of breed-
ing in animal husbandry, monographic and logical methods were used. In the research of theoretical and
methodological aspects of various organizational-economic aspects of the development of breeding in ani-
mal husbandry, monographic and logical methods were used. The study of the current state of breeding
work in animal husbandry of the Russian Federation was carried out on the basis of comparative statistical
and economic analysis. In studying the practical work experience of industrial enterprises, pedigree organi-
zations, educational and scientific institutions of animal husbandry, methods of sociological research of
expert opinion were used: interviewing and interviewing. The determination of the directions of develop-
ment of animal husbandry and proposals for the formation of a breeding system are based on abstract-
logical and computational-constructive methods.
Currently, many scientists of the world continue to work on the study and improvement of various li-
vestock breeds: Holsein (Aebi A. [1], Brotherstones S. [5], Freeman A.E. [12]), Simmental (Fonge J.
[11]), Hereford and Angus (Marschal D.M. [17]). New methods are being created and well-known me-
thods for the study of the characteristics and productive qualities of livestock, as well as selection, in-
cluding molecular genetic using telemetry methods and modern equipment, are being developed (Wim-
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mers K. [29], Morlein D. [19], Steinhardt M. [26], Eichinger H.M. [7], Ahlbom-Brier G. [2]). Work is
conducting on zoning livestock, both in tropics of Latin America (Hagnauer W. [13]) and in the southern
(Purroy A. [21]) and continental countries of Europe (Spindler F. [25]). Some scientists (Buchholz C.
[6], Roos L.P. [23]) publish works on improving livestock production methods. Livestock regulation
legislation is also being developed (Rappen W. [22]) and measures of its state support (Van Vleck L.D.
[28]). In recent years, organic animal husbandry is gaining popularity (Bhandari D.P.) [3].
3. Formulation of the problem
The objective of the study is to analyze the state of the livestock industry and find relevant directions
for the development of breeding work through the integration and cooperation of enterprises based on
agro-industrial clustering, which can improve the organization and efficiency of production and distri-
bution of products. For this purpose, it is required to develop models of a regional livestock cluster
and a selection-hybrid center in its structure, which will contribute to solving the problem.
4. Theoretical part
Obviously, at the present stage of development of the industry, whose products (food) are very perish-
able and require special conditions of delivery and storage, the supply and service sectors play an im-
portant role, the optimization of which is ensured by marketing distribution and logistics. When inde-
pendent participants in distribution channels individually act on the market, they have to independent-
ly conduct sales, pricing, other policies and plan marketing events separately at each level. The partic-
ipants of the integrated and cooperative structure function as a single organism, coordinating their ac-
tivities in all areas of production, marketing, etc., which eliminates duplication of functions. Nowday,
various theories and methods of integration and cooperation of economic entities have been widely
developed in terms of ensuring the organization and effectiveness of industrial and economic interac-
tion. The basis of the research is: the theory of comparative advantages, economies of scale, industry
life cycles, the concept of transaction costs and strategic advantages. Among these works, one can note
the direction of regional economic growth, which includes sections: neoclassical (D. Bort's model,
etc.), cumulative (center-periphery theory by J. Friedman, etc.), new theories (the “market potential”
model by J. Harris, etc.), other theories (the theory of sectors by A. Fischer, C. Clark, J. Furastier, etc.)
[16]. Moreover, in the framework of this research, the section of new forms of territorial organization
of production in the part devoted to clusters, and conditionally divided into 3 scientific schools: Amer-
ican (M. Porter and others), British (D. Dunning, etc.) is of particular importance. and Scandinavian
(B.-O. Lundval and others). Particular emphasis should be placed on the influence of clusters on in-
creasing the competitiveness of participating enterprises. This research is based on the works of repre-
sentatives of the American school, in particular M. E. Porter [20], M. Enright [8], P. Maskell, M. Lo-
renzen [18], S. Rosenfeld [24], M. Storper [27]. At the same time, one of the main prospects for the
development of livestock breeding is the formation of agro-industrial clusters that bring together not
only manufacturers, processors and marketers (core), but also scientific, educational, supplying and
servicing organizations (cluster satellites).
5. Practical importance, offers and results of introductions, results of experimental studies
The livestock industry in Russia, due to extremely difficult internal economic conditions and the ex-
ternal economic situation, demonstrates multidirectional dynamics. Over 5 years, the number of cattle
decreased by 6.1%, including cows by 7.0%, while the number of pigs, on the contrary, added 17.1%.
Meat sales increased by more than a fifth, and milk production fell 3.4% (table 1).
The most common breed of beef cattle is Aberdeen Angus (53.3 %) in second place, Kalmyk (21.1
%), and 3rd and 4th places – Hereford (13.3 %) and Kazakh white-headed (9.3 %), respectively. The
number of representatives of the remaining breeds is less than 6 thousand heads [10].
In pig breeding in Russia, the largest share among pig breeds was occupied by large white (67.9
%), landrace in second place (14.1), Yorkshire in third (10.9 %) and Duroc in fourth (4.9 %). And the
remaining breeds of bred pigs together account for 2.2 % (table 2).
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Table 1. The main indicators of livestock development in farms of all categories of Russia in 2012–
2016.
Indicators
Years
2016 г., %
to
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2012
2015
Cattle stock,
thousands heads
19981
,2
19564
,0
19263
,7
18992
,0
18752
,5
93,9
98,7
Cows stocks,
thousands heads
8883,
0
8661,
0
8530,
8
8408,
1
8263,
7
93,0
98,3
The number of
pigs, thousands
heads
18816
,4
19081
,4
19546
,1
21506
,8
22027
,7
117,
1
102,
4
Implemented for
slaughter of lives-
tock and poultry
(in slaughter
weight), thousand
tons
8090,
3
8544,
2
9070,
3
9565,
2
9899,
2
122,
4
103,
5
Milk production,
thousand tons
31830
,9
30528
,8
30790
,9
30796
,9
30758
,5
96,6
99,9
Source: ASRIbreed (VNIIplem) [10]
Table 2. Breed composition of the scoring number of pigs in the Saratov region, heads.
Breed
Scoring,
at all
Including
boars
sows
repair
boars
repair
sows
Large White
1015
7
374
112
522
Landras
549
24
240
55
230
Purebred
hogs
1564
31
614
167
752
At all
1564
31
614
167
752
Source: ASRIbreed (VNIIplem) [10]
The dairy herd is represented by 24 breeds and 21 types of cattle, with more than half of the num-
ber being black and motley animals. On the 2nd place, occupying about 10%, is the Holstein breed of
black-and-white suit, and in the 3rd, 4th and 5th places (each less than 10%) are Simmental, Kholmo-
gorsk and red-motley breeds, respectively [10]. These breeds are well adapted to local agro-climatic
conditions, but at the same time they do not have competitive productivity in comparison with foreign
breeds. Table 3 provides data on the abundance and productivity of some breeds of cattle in the dairy
direction using the example of the Saratov Region as one of the representative regions of Russia.
For the development of the most productive breeds and their adaptation to local economic conditions,
the development of breeding at the federal and regional levels is required. Such work is possible only with
a systematic approach that existed in the Soviet period.
Unfortunately, in the last decade, breeding in Russian animal husbandry, without which the revival
and subsequent effective development of this vital industry is impossible, was in a state of anabiosis. The
structure of the breed network was disrupted, a huge number of breed enterprises were eliminated, al-
most no selection work was carried out to improve the existing and create new breeds. At the moment,
Kurganinsky, Yurinsky cattle breeds, Siberian northern and Kemerovo pig breeds, Gorky and Kuchugu-
rovsky sheep breeds are out of breeding registration [14]. All this together led to the destruction of the
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livestock gene pool, the destruction of the complex biogenetic process of breed formation, formed
through the long and painstaking work of breeders.
Table 3. The number and productivity of dairy herd cows in the Saratov region.
Breeds
All categories of farms
Quan-
tity of
farms
Cows
at all,
thou-
sands
heads
Milk
yeld,
cg
Fat, %
Pro-
tein,
%
Live
weight,
cg
All breeds
9
6,56
7129
3,87
3,25
537
Holstein
1
2,68
9497
3,82
3,24
538
Red-motley
1
1,24
5773
4,01
3,26
545
Simmental
6
2,38
5336
3,87
3,23
531
Black-and-white
suit
1
0,26
5540
3,81
3,40
535
Source: ASRIbreed (VNIIplem) [10]
As a result, today the parent flocks of new and modernized commodity complexes are almost 100%
equipped with foreign animals of high genetic potential. The destruction of the Russian highly produc-
tive breeding base forces these enterprises to permanently acquire foreign livestock to repair their par-
ent flocks, thereby falling into the technological dependation and the zone of high risks of veterinary
problems that exclude the import of breeding material. So, in 2016, the dependence of the pig industry
on the share of parent and grandparent forms used in imported crosses was fixed at the level of 80–
90% [15]. Such scales of animal imports are not found in any other country in the world. This is due,
firstly, to the desire of states to preserve their own breeding and genetic resources as the main means
of production for increasing the number of pedigree livestock and producing livestock products; se-
condly, the focus on the acquisition of not the animals themselves, but their biomaterial in accordance
with the requirements of veterinary safety, the interests of breeding and economics.
At the XVI All-Russian meeting on the development of animal husbandry, which took place in
March 2018, Director of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Breeding, Academician I.M.
Dunin noted that the modern market of competitive breeding resources, breeding and genetic services
is tightly monopolized by the largest genetic companies and is formed by a limited number of coun-
tries with developed animal husbandry. Their influence is quite noticeable on the Russian market of
breeding products and genomic technologies [4].
At the same time, practice shows that imported livestock of pigs under the conditions of technology of
industrial complexes in Russia (insufficient feed supply, technological violations of maintenance and op-
eration, etc.) undergo a difficult process of adaptation and acclimatization, as a result there is a large waste
of livestock and a decline in productivity.
In addition, the fashion for meat pork has led to a significant decrease in livestock viability, in-
creased sensitivity of animals to stress and, as a result, deterioration of meat quality. Thus, one-sided
selection for the production of lean meat pork has shown spectacularly that the selection of animals
based on only one specific attribute of productivity, as a rule, improves this attribute, but at the same
time, others worsen, and, first of all, viability. In this case, accumulation in the population of undesira-
ble recessive genes occurs. However, the main problem requiring urgent solution is the destruction of
the unique gene pool of Russian pig populations, in particular, the irreplaceable loss of sebaceous
breeds, well adapted to the special natural-climatic, ecological-geographical and economic conditions
of our country, with good taste qualities of meat. The most important argument in favor of the need to
inhibit unsystematic import of livestock of pigs, speed up the transition to the use of foreign technolo-
gical solutions and know-how, revive breeding and breeding and use Russian breeds of animals is the
quality of the meat obtained. The fact is that pork of Western breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace, Pietrain,
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etc.) is characterized by low taste qualities. In it, between the muscle fibers, there are almost no fatty
layers, therefore, when used, it is dry and solid. Professor, corresponding member of the Russian Agri-
cultural Academy V.D. Kabanov notes that “stress-sensitive pigs, weakened by ultramuscular selec-
tion and producing exudative,“ acidic “pork of poor quality, not suitable for producing high-quality
hard sausages, are often imported to Russia. In many countries, the demand for such pork has been
significantly reduced, and in Canada, for example, a federal scientific program has been adopted to
increase the fat in meat and increase the slaughter live weight of pigs ” [14].
As a result of this, the importation of more productive livestock, including pigs, in our opinion,
should be carried out exclusively in breeding farms to create new specialized meat genotypes. Replacing
the livestock of even one and the same breed is a very long-term, labor-intensive and costly process,
therefore, taking into account the size of the territory and the variety of natural and climatic conditions of
the Russian Federation, the availability of own parent breeds is of strategic importance. Correction of the
direction and level of productivity is much more efficiently carried out in hybridization systems based on
specialized paternal forms with segregated import of breeding material from other countries. The com-
plete replacement of Russian breeds with foreign breeds will ultimately inevitably lead to the transforma-
tion of the breed-formation process over a vast area of the Eurasian space with unpredictable conse-
quences due to the loss of valuable genes that determine disease resistance, resistance to negative envi-
ronmental influences, adaptive capabilities organism to various ecosystems.
Meanwhile, in pig breeding in the Saratov region, one of the most significant regions-leaders of the
country's agricultural sector, there is currently no breeding sector. Over the years of agrarian reforms, they
were closed: the “Perspective” pig complex in the Krasnoarmeysky district, the “Sotszemledeliy” pig com-
plex in the Balashov district, the “Arkadak” pig complex in the Arkadak district, “the Crystal” and “Rodi-
na” pig complex in the Saratov district, “Mikhailovsky” and the “Volga” breeding factory in the Marx dis-
trict, the “Time Forward” breeding reproducer in the Engels district of the Saratov region.
With regard to dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Saratov region, we note that the condition of
the breeding base there is also unsafe. In recent years, the following have been closed: the Combine
breeding state farm (now in its place is the Yubileiny market. The livestock, well-selected, has dis-
appeared); Sysoevsky breeding plant in the Pugachevsky district of the Saratov region (he was en-
gaged in improving cattle meat breeds and creating their lines); agricultural company "Volga" in
with. Zvonarevka of the Marxovsky district of the Saratov region (involved in breeding cattle of the
black-motley breed of the milk direction of productivity); Experimental production farm "Central-
noe" of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the South-East (engaged in breeding Simmental cat-
tle breed combined direction of productivity); in the city of Engels "Head breeding enterprise."
In recent years, the Saratov State Agrarian University has been reduced by merging the department of
animal husbandry: pig breeding, cattle, small cattle, poultry farming, breeding and raising livestock, milk
processing, etc. Many disciplines for prepaing specialists in the field of livestock breeding have been
removed from the curriculum. The previously functioning regional Volga Research Institute of Animal
Husbandry and Biotechnology was abolished and joined the Research Institute of Agriculture of the
South-East as a department of animal husbandry. The number of its employees today is 7 people, there is
practically no scientific work on feed production, breeding, etc.
The current situation induces agricultural enterprises to acquire doses of sperm for insemination of ani-
mals in the "Central Bank of the family" (Moscow region, Bykovo village). At the same time, the cost of
one dose is at least $1.27–1.43. For insemination of one cow, as a rule, 2-3 doses are required. Thus, the
costs of enterprises for insemination, taking into account the number of livestock, are very significant.
Today, the work of the Voronezh and Lipetsk breeding enterprises is getting better. However, this is
clearly not enough to solve the problems of teamwork. It is important to note that it is undesirable to take
sperm doses for insemination at the same breeding enterprise for a long time because of the noticeable in-
crease in the risk of closely related mating.
In addition, it is important to note that in small-scale production, and especially personal subsidi-
ary plots, where most livestock products are now produced, breeds cannot be improved and pre-
served. This requires enlarged structures, the production volumes of which make it rational to create
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a streamlined network of breed enterprises and systematic breeding work.
The implementation of these tasks is possible only with the use of a systematic approach and the
unification of efforts at the state and private levels. One of the possible ways to develop the organi-
zation of pedigree activity can be the formation of an agro-industrial cluster in the livestock sector.
At the same time, the pre-formed developed integration and cooperation structures (protocluster),
which are respectively agricultural holdings and agricultural production (consumer) cooperatives
combining small business forms, should become the main base. As a result, a schematic model of
the livestock cluster in meat and dairy and food complexes was proposed using the example of en-
terprises in the Saratov region (figure 1), taking into account the specifics of the industry. Such a
structure has all the necessary elements that make it possible to organize comprehensive qualified
breeding work to increase the genetic potential of animals (Selection-hybrid centers).
Figure 1. A schematic model of a regional livestock cluster on the example of enterprises in the Sara-
tov region. Source: Developed by the authors.
The formation of the cluster will also contribute to the restoration of headaches in small farms,
which is possible if they cooperate and integrate with large-scale production, characterized by a high
zoosanitary status in terms of protection against skidding and the spread of pathogens of especially
dangerous diseases. At the same time, the cluster structure will facilitate the joint creation by the par-
ticipants of a sustainable forage base (supplying and serving satellites). The cluster provides for the
formation of slaughter and procurement points (with the function of primary sanitary and veterinary
control and the automated certification system "Mercury" developed by the Rosselkhoznadzor) and
milk collection points based on cooperatives. And also the cluster will form the basis for achieving
high productivity through the most effective combination of production factors, free access to informa-
tion and better coordination of activities (Cluster Development Center). At the same time, within the
framework of the cluster, rationalization of the processes of expansion, thinning and modernization of
the product lines of participating enterprises is observed, anticipating fluctuations in the needs of cus-
tomers in all markets of presence, the acceleration of the process of promoting new products on the
market. For example, chilled and frozen semi-finished products, quick-frozen dishes, broths and
canned soups, which are in demand by consumers.
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The high-tech development of the regional livestock cluster is achieved through the formation of a
joint scientific base of participants, concentration of investments on the most cost-effective and promis-
ing innovative projects, operational accommodation for the transformation of consumer preferences,
minimization and distribution of high costs and risks associated with the development and the introduc-
tion of innovation between enterprises belonging to the cluster structure [30].
Comparison of the added value when using the traditional channel of distribution of goods and the
livestock cluster made it possible to establish that in the second case there is a significant reduction in
transaction costs due to the joint development and implementation of innovative technologies for the
collection, storage and processing of milk, slaughter, reduction resource intensity, growth of productivi-
ty and labor remuneration, increase of capital productivity. At the same time, the overall decrease in
commodity circulation costs will amount to an average of 29.8 % for meat and meat products, and 26.0
% for milk and dairy products.
Figure 2. The scheme of organization of breeding in a cluster structure. Source: Developed by the
authors.
Breeding factory
Breed Improvement
and the creation of lines, zonal types.
Concentrated here
purebred and high-blooded animals
class elite.
Raised young cattle and pigs is intended:
- to replenish breeding herds
other breeding farms;
- repair of own cattle herd, pigs;
- staffing by manufacturers
breeding enterprises
and artificial insemination
(manufacturing bulls and boars)
Breeding unit
Breeding
purebred animals (cattle and pigs)
for delivery to breeding farms
and commodity farms
bulls and boars
in order to increase
breed animal values.
Breeding animals evaluated
by the productivity of their offspring
for statement on breeding enterprises
Breeding enterprise*
Concentrate here
purebred producers
for collecting seed material.
Assessment of breeding producers
carried out by productivity
their daughters
Breed farms
(maintenance, cultivation,
fattening, milking)
Commodity farms - agricultural enter-
prises, PFI, PSF ((maintenance, cultiva-
tion, fattening, milking)
Breeding animals
Bulls,
boars
Young
cattle, pigs
Young
cattle, pigs
Seed
material
Seed material
Seed material
Bulls,
boars
Breeding animals
Seed material
Bulls, boars
Hybrid selection
Centre
*(–– existing elements,……creating elements)
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Also, as a result of the study, a scheme was developed for organizing breeding work in livestock
breeding clusters on the platform of the Breeding Hybrid Centers being created (figure 2). It takes into
account the specifics of the industry, which is expressed in the need for skilled comprehensive breed-
ing, increasing the genetic potential of animals, restoring livestock on farms and pig farms, and is an
organic element of the scientific and innovative component of the cluster multisystem. For example, in
cattle breeding, the inclusion of the Selective Hybrid Center in the cluster will allow replacing im-
ported livestock breeds (Limusin, Black Angus) with domestic improved breeds – Hereford, Kalmyk,
Kazakh white-headed, as well as reducing the corresponding costs of agricultural organizations in the
region.
6. Conclusion
In conclusion, we note that the loss of a unique gene pool of Russian animal populations is fraught
with a loss of the country's food security, the consequences of which are irreparable in the event of
military conflicts, an epidemic of dangerous zoonoses, an embargo or economic blackmail. It is neces-
sary as soon as possible to take measures to revive the breeding business in animal husbandry. Other-
wise, to solve the problem of the industry's dependence on imported breeding products, it will take at
least half a century, since the process of creating new breeds is very long.
The developed clustering model in animal husbandry provides for a comprehensive all-round im-
provement of breeding on the basis of the proposed Hybrid Breeding Centers within the framework of
a full-fledged scientific and innovative infrastructure, the active and efficient use of land supplying
and servicing satellites in order to form their own resource and raw material base. As well as the re-
combination of production cycles in a cluster, free access to information, qualified coordination of
activities by the Center for Cluster Development. It allows leveling the existing differentiation of
business schemes in the industry through the formation of cluster cores based on the specifics of the
process. And at the same time, hierarchize the principles of distribution of state support and the priori-
ties for investing capital investments using the production and investment potentials of the cluster.
Also, the proposed model predetermines: expanding the coverage network for procurement activities
of supply and marketing cooperation, concluding collective agreements at all levels of the cluster, an
integrated systematic approach to the formation of added value of products by streamlining the logis-
tics system and pricing policy. All this ultimately allows us to ensure maximum satisfaction of the
interests of participants, the intensification and maintenance of expanded reproduction, the formation
of reserves and the organization of our own scientific and innovative activities, especially in the field
of breeding. And the introduction of the proposed model of the livestock cluster into the practice of
clustering agribusiness enterprises will create the prerequisites for reducing the added value of certain
types of livestock products by an average of 28% by optimizing the areas of production, processing,
supply, maintenance, marketing, etc. that will to promote successful competition with foreign counter-
parts to solve problems of import substitution.
Thus, integration and cooperation based on clustering serve as a powerful means of achieving the
goals of economic policy to increase efficiency, competitiveness, and innovation. In the future, it is
territorial-production clustering that will be the most important direction of the distribution of pro-
ductive forces in the agricultural sector of the Saratov region.
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